Police Teams Research Articles

Something between a colleague and a tool: exploring the complex nexus between the role, responsibilities, and expectations of language assistants in multinational police settings in Kosovo (1999–2018)

ABSTRACT The United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) included armed international police officers (IPOs) vested with transitional executive authorities from 1999 to 2018. IPOs initially assumed full policing responsibilities in cooperation with language assistants (LAs), until recruited Kosovo Police officers (KPOs) underwent training and integrated into multinational police teams. Drawing on twenty-three ethnographic interviews conducted between 2018 and 2021, this article explores stakeholders’ perspectives on the role and expectations of police LAs. The analysis reveals that, besides serving as communication facilitators, cultural mediators, fixers, and repositories of cultural knowledge and information, LAs transcended conventional translator and interpreter roles by proactively assuming police officers’ responsibilities, including statement-taking, assisting with reports, and proofreading. However, LAs encountered trust issues stemming from IPOs’ apprehensions about losing control due to the language gap and deviations from literalism, coupled with KPOs’ concerns about LAs’ potential influence on their performance evaluations and promotions. Moreover, IPOs from authoritarian states and militarized police backgrounds tended to perceive LAs as tools rather than equal team members. Interviews indicate that a professional LA, beyond linguistic proficiency, embodies strong interpersonal skills and professional qualities essential for fostering trust and effective communication.

Wordplay as a technique of linguistic manipulation (based on the American television series “Police Squad!”)

Wordplay as a technique of linguistic manipulation (based on the American television series “Police Squad!”)

Holocaust in Lithuania: Annihilation of the Jewish Communities of Palanga and Darbėnai Rural Areas of Kretinga County in Summer and Autumn 1941

The article is dedicated to the annihilation of the Jewish communities of Palanga and Darbėnai rural areas of Kretinga County in summer and autumn 1941. The annihilation is considered to be the outcome of cooperation between the German military and civil administration, Tilsit operational squad and Lithuanian institutions (Lithuanian Security Police of Telšiai security district [Kretinga District], public police and subordinate auxiliary police). It has been established that 51 persons (public police officers and members of the auxiliary police squad) indirectly contributed to the genocide of Jews in Palanga rural area. Of these, 15 contributed directly, i.e. shot or otherwise executed victims. In Darbėnai rural area 33 persons (32 public police officers, members of the auxiliary police squad and one municipal official) indirectly contributed to the genocide of Jews. Of these, 13 contributed to the death of Jews directly, i.e. shot the victims. A total of 84 persons in these rural areas contributed indirectly to the genocide of Jews. Of these, 28 participated in the killings directly, i.e. shot the victims.

The presence of a female officer is not significantly associated with the likelihood of a suspect resisting arrest or assaulting a police team in a southern Brazilian state: results from a case-control study

The presence of a female officer is not significantly associated with the likelihood of a suspect resisting arrest or assaulting a police team in a southern Brazilian state: results from a case-control study

Gendering Security Sector Reform through Capacity Building? The MINUSMA Specialized Police Team on Crime Scene Management

ABSTRACT This article studies norm translation of the Women, Peace and Security agenda by interrogating the ways in which external support can contribute to gendering the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Through a case study of a Norwegian-led Specialized Police Team which provided capacity building in crime scene management to Malian Security Forces as part of the UN mission in Mali, it analyses how different understandings of gender inform gender mainstreaming practice. The analysis shows that while the Norwegian officers worked actively to promote gender equality and women’s participation, the possibilities for capacity building to contribute to a gendering of the security sector are limited by the lack of more transformative understandings of gender to inform practice.

경찰관기동대의 현장대응력 제고 연구

The number of rallies and demonstrations in which police forces are mobilized is approximately 10,000 cases occurring every year and is not decreasing significantly. Meanwhile, the auxiliary police system was abolished in may 2023, and the replacement rate for the auxiliary police with the experience of riot police squads composed of qualified police officers has been found to be around 30%. In other words, we are faced with a reality where we lack experience in managing and responding to rallies and demonstrations. Although the 2024 Korea National Police Agency budget reflects the purchase of some equipment needed to manage rallies and demonstrations, there appears to be no plans to increase manpower for riot police officer. This study was conducted to improve the on-site response capabilities of the riot police squad at a time when qualitative preparation of the riot police squad was recently needed. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, survey data with guaranteed representativeness was used from September to October 2022, using current riot police officers as a population to determine organizational and work appropriateness as perceived by riot police officers, ways to improve on-site response capabilities, and necessary maneuver equipment etc. were checked. It was found that riot police officers in the Seoul area perceive that their workload was greater than that of other regions and the current staff was insufficient. In relation to improving on-site response capabilities, riot police officers recognized the need for equipment introduction, manpower expansion, education and training, and physical training in that order, and responded that equipment introduction should be the top priority. In addition, it was recognized that there was a high need for maneuver equipment that could replace career vehicles, such as sanitary vehicles, new steel and folding police-line, trailer-type safety fences, and barrier trucks. Considering these results, it was suggested that there is a need to prioritize regions with a high number of rallies and demonstrations to staff up experienced riot police officer, and to selectively provide necessary equipment for each region to improve on-site response capabilities.

경찰관기동대원의 소진척도 타당성 연구

As the Auxiliary Police system is completely abolished in 2023, riot police squads composed of police officers are replacing the role of existing auxiliary Police. However, the number of riot police force is only 30% of the existing auxiliary police force. There is a need to manage rallies and protests that are not decreasing due to insufficient police force, and to prevent riot police officers from turning over their duties, who must work at risk of injury, it is necessary to efficiently measure and manage their burnout level on a regular basis. Accordingly, this study was conducted to efficiently measure the level of burnout of riot police officers and verify the validity of this burnout scale in order to manage it on a regular basis. To determine whether the MBI scale, a representative burnout scale, is an appropriate scale for riot police officers, the validity was verified through descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the burnout scale of riot police officers was divided into three factors. A revised MBI scale consisting of 17 questions was presented, excluding 5 of the 22 questions of the original MBI scale. This study is significant in that it can be used as basic data for a program that increases the need and understanding of the burnout of riot police officers and manages it.

Officer diversity may reduce Black Americans’ fear of the police

AbstractWould police racial and gender diversification reduce Black Americans’ fear of the police? The theory of representative bureaucracy indicates that it might. We tested the effects of officer diversity in two experiments embedded in a national survey that oversampled Black Americans, producing several findings. First, in early 2022, nearly 2 years after George Floyd's killing, most Black Americans remained afraid of police mistreatment. Second, in a conjoint experiment in which respondents were presented with 11,000 officer profiles, Black Americans were less afraid when the officers were non‐White (Black or Hispanic/Latino) instead of White and when they were female instead of male. Third, in a separate experiment with pictured police teams, Black Americans were less afraid of being mistreated by non‐White and female officers. Fourth, experimental evidence emerged that body‐worn cameras (BWCs) reduced fear among both Black and non‐Black respondents. These findings support calls to diversify police agencies and to require officers to wear and notify civilians of BWC.

The Application of Traffic Accident Determination Letter in Criminal Litigation

Traffic accident crime, as a common charge in daily life, accounts for the vast majority of criminal cases in grassroots courts. Because traffic accident cases are more common in judicial practice, the difficult issues are often overlooked, mainly in the identification form. This article conducts research and analysis on the determination letter in a traffic accident case, analyzing the relevant characteristics of the determination letter, including objectivity, administrative nature, professionalism, etc., further clarifying the identical attributes of the determination letter, analyzing the permissibility of each part of the determination letter as criminal evidence, and finally proposing some targeted opinions based on the content mentioned earlier, including strengthening the legal literacy of the traffic police team, breaking through the relief methods for dissatisfaction with the confirmation letter, strengthening the substantive review of the confirmation letter, hoping that the confirmation letter can play a better role in criminal prosecution.

Analysis of Capability Requirements for Equipment Maintenance Support Police Troops Based on GQFD

In order to accurately analyze the key capability requirements of the equipment maintenance and support police team, and facilitate targeted improvement of the maintenance and support capabilities of the police team. This article provides an explanatory description of the task and capability requirements of the equipment maintenance and support police force through the GQFD method, and constructs a mapping matrix between them. Through relevant calculations, the importance of the capability indicators of the equipment maintenance and support police force was ranked, and key capability indicators were obtained. Then, verification and analysis were conducted based on the actual situation of grassroots troops, providing some basic data support for studying the competency model of the equipment maintenance and support police force.

They are Just the Same; Everyday Life of Terrorists’ Families in East Java Indonesia

This article aims to investigate the everyday life of terrorists’ families in Surabaya and Sidoarjo East Java Indonesia namely how they have interacted with their neighbors and adapted to the community. Data of this research were gathered through interviews with the neighbors of terrorists’ families and related parties, observing the crime scene of the bombing blast and the neighborhood areas where the terrorist families live, and library research. Results of this study show that the terrorist families of suicide bombings and those raided by Detachment 88 Police Squad were recognized as “ordinary people” by their neighbors and colleagues. Their physical appearances were generally just the same as other Muslims living in their neighborhood; even they participated in several social activities held by the community and interacted with their neighbors openly. This can be recognized as their strategy of adaptation. Thus, they were accepted by the surrounding community, and at the same time, they could still maintain their inner goals as a member of e terrorist group. This paper used the theory of adaptation and Islamic law to examine these aspects, especially how Islam sees jihâd and Inghimâs.

Социально-психологический климат в служебных коллективах органов внутренних дел: подход к его реконцептуализации

Analysis of the socio-psychological climate of the police teams of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is an important source of information to assess the readiness of employees to perform service tasks.
 The problem that initiates the study is the discrepancy between the methods for measuring the climate and the specifics of interaction of employees, the nature and conditions of their work activities. In a domestic social psychology there are dozens of approaches to the understanding of the essence of this phenomenon, methods of its diagnosis and ensuring an optimal climate in the team, which significantly complicates the activities of heads and psychologists of departments of internal affairs. The article is devoted to reconceptualization of the phenomenon of social-psychological climate in law-enforcement bodies teams as in modern conditions the necessity of concrete definition of the phenomenon is evident, without which the tools and procedures used for its measurement cannot be defined and improved. The authors name the key reasons that require in-depth theoretical study of the climate of service teams.
 The research methods are cognitive methods of information processing (generalization, systematization and classification), which allow to characterize and synthesize the specifics of the study of the sociopsychological climate.
 Results. The article identifies the basic structural elements of the phenomenon under study and describes the main directions of understanding the phenomenon of social and psychological climate. Their specification allows us to adequately assess the modality and level of psycho-social climate, identify the causes of its deterioration in a particular unit and provide adequate psychological support.

Special Police Team Towards the Bright Point Brigadier Joshua's Murder Case

The obstacles faced by the police in uncovering this case are 1). Police officers have cleared the crime scene; 2). Brigadier J's HP Lost; 3). Witness Shut Up; 4). Other Obstacles regarding CCTV at the Office House Damaged; 5). Putri Candrawati is a key witness who is still alive. The bright spots for the cases that led to the death of Brigadier J include 1. The presence of Tita President Joko Widodo; 2. There is suspicion of premeditated murder; 3. It has been obtained and turned on CCTV cameras around the crime scene that are lost or dead; 4. Brigadier J's cellphone and CCTV have been examined in a forensic laboratory based on the Scientific Crime Investigation processed by a forensic laboratory; 5. There is a re-autopsy. To open the veil of Brigadier J's case based on President Joko Widodo's order, the National Police Chief finally named a suspect in the shooting case that killed Brigadier Yoshua Hutabarat, based on 1). Initial evidence is sufficient; 2). Other possible suspects; 3). The threat of punishment (Bharada E; 4). Bharata E was arrested; 5). Not self-defense; 6). Murder suspect; 7). Initial chronology.

More Human Than Human: The Exile in Blade Runner

More Human Than Human: The Exile in <i>Blade Runner</i>

Indecent Dressing Among Female Undergraduates on Sexual Conduct and Study Engagement of Their Male Counterparts in Universities in the Southeast Nigeria

Although academic performance and indecent dressing had been hotlist in literature globally, the academic standard of students in Nigerian universities continues to be a downturn with those of the males being worse hit. Literature revealed a paucity of research on whether indecent dressing pattern of female undergraduates is contributory to this academic failure of their male counterparts. The thrust of this study, therefore, is to explore the impact indecent dressing of female undergraduates has on the sexual conduct and study engagement of their male counterparts. The study was carried out in the Southeastern region of Nigeria. The population of the study comprised all second and third year full-time single male undergraduates. A sample size of 1500 was selected for the study, drawn through a multi-stage sampling procedure. The instrument for data collection was researchers-structured 17-item questionnaire tagged “Male Undergraduates Study Engagement Questionnaire (MUSEQ).” The validity of the instrument was established through extensive use of relevant literature and also peer-reviewed by experts in Research Methods, Psychology and Counseling all from the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Cronbach-Alpha reliability coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the instrument after data had been collected from a sample of 65 undergraduates from another university that was not part of the study. The pre-test of the instrument produced an alpha reliability coefficient of 0.82. Three research questions guided the study and were answered using percentages and mean values. Results indicated that indecent dressing of female undergraduates in southeastern, Nigeria, sexually compromises the study-related state of mind and negatively impacts the study engagement of male undergraduates. Based on these results, it was recommended among others that the university administrators should wake up and be intentional about enforcing the dress code policy which sets the rules about how students should dress and where one does not exist, a Dress Police Team made up of responsible members of staff of the universities should be established and empowered to discipline offenders.

Farm Crime and Farmer-Police Relationships in Rural Australia

This article presents select findings from ‘farm crime’ victimisation surveys undertaken in the two most populous Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria. We examine the findings in relation to farmer crime victimisation, their willingness to report crime, and their worry about crime, as well as farmer perspectives on policing generally and the policing of farm crime specifically. In both states, there are high levels of victimisation, high levels of worry, low- to mid-levels of confidence in the police, and there remains a gap between experiences of farm crime and reporting. Both states have police tasked specifically with addressing farm crime. The Victoria Police have Farm Crime Liaison Officers that specialise in assisting with farm related crimes, however this is a voluntary role which forms part of an officer’s larger workload. By contrast, the New South Wales Police Force Rural Crime Prevention Team is a dedicated team consisting of specialised rural crime investigators and intelligence practitioners focused on proactive and preventative interventions in farm crime. Farmers in both states were surveyed regarding their awareness and engagement with these rural policing teams, and we examined how this may shape victimisation, reporting, worry and the relationships between police and farmers. In New South Wales, awareness and direct contact with rural crime police led to both increased satisfaction with police and crime reporting. Respondents with awareness of this team also express significantly less worry of crime, whilst those with direct contact did not. We conclude the article by discussing and contextualising these findings within rural criminology and considering ways forward for the policing of farm crime.

Strategi Menangkal Paham Radikalisme Pada Perguruan Tinggi: Studi Kasus Keterlibatan Mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia Dalam Aksi Terorisme

Radical activists are now increasingly targeting various universities, targeting students who generally do not have a strong religious background, so they can easily provide monolithic, rigid, and far from contextualized religious doctrines. One example of a case of the entry of radicalism in the campus environment is the arrest of Krisna Dwi Wardhana (KDW), an alumni student of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia by the Special Detachment (Densus) 88 Anti-terror Police Team, in June 2021 ago, in the Bogor area, West Java. From the results of the examination, it is suspected that KDW was affiliated with the Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) network group, and had a role as a provider of raw materials for making bombs. This was reinforced by the discovery of a number of evidences including chemicals, such as dextran, sodium borate, magnesium sulfate, HCL, sulfur, and other chemicals. With the increasing number of students exposed to radicals, it is feared that this condition could threaten the existence of the ideology of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Based on this, both the campus or university and elements of society must work together to overcome the notion of radicalization.

All Fun and Games? Relationships between Finnish Police Dogs and Their Handlers

Abstract The paper presents the first cultural anthropological study of the Finnish canine police force. The study is based on interviews with eleven police dog handlers. The interviews focused on the cultural model of the profession, with emphasis on the interaction between dogs and their handlers. The relationship is surprisingly reciprocal. It can be understood as operating on the principles of an interspecies social contract, where the categorical division between the species is, paradoxically, vigorously maintained and habitually broken. The police dog requires constant negotiation to perform tasks that humans themselves cannot do. Rather than being forced, the dogs are guided through play and positive reinforcement into performing tasks. Relationships of canine police teams are deeply personal and in navigating the complexities of a human-driven society, the canine assumes many different roles. Conceptualizing police dogs as mediators for their natural talents, instead of mere tools, could formalize their place in society.

“Being Diverse and Being Included, Don’t Go Together in Policing”—Diversity, Inclusion, and Australian Constables

Across the globe, there is little research that examines the impact of diversity on police practice, particularly whether it increases or decreases the competency of the police organization or whether police officers perceive diversity within the organization and the addition of diverse officers as positive or negative. Contributing new findings to the extant policing literature, this research analyzes data collected from interviews with forty-six constables working in one of the largest Australian state police organizations. Contributing five key findings regarding diversity and inclusion in policing, this research suggests that lack of acceptance of diversity broadly, and bias towards diverse identified officers, results in the exclusion of officers, and a workforce that is fragmented. The lack of unification constables in this research have with diverse colleagues is concerning given that a cohesive police team increases the safety of all officers, improves the effectiveness of police response, strengthens the communication between police and citizens (as well as communication within the organization), increases the morale of officers, and will support the legitimacy of the organization. Whilst constables in this study were not asked questions about their own implicit or explicit levels of bias towards members of diverse groups, the unsolicited responses from many of the constables, as well as the recognition of Whiteness in terms of the racial identity of many officers within the organization, suggests that constables in this study are biased towards officers that are not part of the majority group.

УКРАЇНСЬКА ПРАВООХОРОННА ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЯ: СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТИПОЛОГІЇ

Analysis of scientific and lexicographic researches showed that Ukrainian law-enforcement terminology as an independent terminological branch had not been studied up to now. An important element in the development of the scientific system of the language of law-enforcement authorities is the classification of scientific concepts and terms, which facilitates its logical structuring and generalization. The article reflects the theoretical framework of the differentiation between thematic and lexical-semantic groups of lexical units on the basis of paradigmatic relations, therefore a preference is made for thematic grouping of Ukrainian law-enforcement terminology, demonstrating its integrity as a system. The following classification of law-enforcement terminology is developed on the basis of thematic and lexical-semantic differentiation. Defined terminological groups represent the areas of administrative arrangement, functional activity of law enforcement authorities, degree of their material support, signs of belonging to the police, transformation of the New Ukrainian Police, etc. In particular, the following terminological groups are emphasized: “Administrative Arrangement”, “Service Activity”, “Police Teams, Police greetings”, “Administrative regulatory documents”, “Signs of Belonging to the Police, “Military Uniform”, “Weaponization”, “Preventive Measures”, “Enforcement Actions”, “Institute of Prosecution and Witnesses”, “Law-Enforcement Intelligence-Gathering Activities”, “Cyberpolice”, “Police and Medical Measures”, “Official Misconduct and Punishment”, “Encouragement”. Within the context of certain thematic groups, lexical-semantic groups are identified. In particular, the thematic group “Signs of Belonging to the Police” is grouped by lexical-semantic subgroups, such as Symbolics, Departmental Insignia, Special Ranks; “Military Uniform” – Headgear, Overgarment, Underwear, Shoes, Equipment, Fittings, Distinctive Insignia; “Weaponization” – Ammunition, Weapons, Devices and other Protective Equipment, Impact Munition, etc. The specified strategy allows standardizing Ukrainian law-enforcement terminology as a specialized system of concepts that meets the needs of professional police activity.