POC Concentrations Research Articles

The Effect of Providing Nasa POC Concentration and Various Types of Organic Mulch on The Growth and Yield of Purple Eggplant Plant (Solanum melongena L)

Pengaruh Perbedaan Mulsa Organik dan Konsentrasi POC NASA terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Terong Ungu (Solanum melongena L.). Selama tujuh bulan, yaitu tanggal 10 Maret hingga 3 September, penelitian dilakukan di Desa Tapis, Kecamatan Tanah Grogot, Kabupaten Paser. Dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dua faktor yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak pemberian konsentrasi POC NASA dan jenis mulsa organik yang berbeda. Perlakuan konsentrasi POC NASA yang berbeda-beda, yang terbagi dalam tiga taraf yaitu pl (tanpa POC NASA), P2 (20 cc/10 liter air), dan P3 (20 cc/20 liter air), merupakan faktor pertama. Faktor kedua adalah cara berbagai jenis mulsa organik diolah, dan ini termasuk. Pemberian konsentrasi POC NASA, menurut temuan penelitian, berpengaruh nyata terhadap metrik yang diukur, seperti rata-rata bobot buah per tanaman sampel pada panen 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5, serta bobot buah per plot dan hektar pada panen 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5. panen ke 1, 2, 3, dan 4. Kemudian pada panen kelima berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik bobot tanaman per sampel. Pada saat yang sama, penerapan berbagai jenis mulsa organik menunjukkan dampak yang signifikan terhadap parameter-parameter yang dicatat, seperti berat buah per sampel tanaman pada panen kelima, berat buah per petak pada panen kelima, dan berat buah per hektar pada panen kelima. Selain itu, perlakuan pertumbuhan tanaman terong ungu terbaik dicapai dengan menggabungkan perlakuan konsentrasi POC NASA dengan mulsa organik konsentrasi 40cc/20 liter air dan menggunakan mulsa jenis jerami padi. Sementara itu, perlakuan interaksi antara konsentrasi POC NASA dan berbagai jenis mulsa organik tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap seluruh metrik yang dievaluasi.

C:N stoichiometry and the fate of organic carbon in ecosystems of the northwest Pacific Ocean

Phytoplankton elemental composition regulates the efficiency of energy and material transfer in the interface between phytoplankton and their consumers. The ratio of particulate organic carbon to particulate organic nitrogen (POC:PON) shows considerable regional deviations from the canonical Redfield ratio in the global surface ocean. However, in certain oceanic regions such as the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) POC:PON distribution and its ecological significance remain uncertain. We investigated surface ocean POC:PON distributions at 66 stations in the NWPO, and quantified the correlations between POC:PON and multiple biotic and abiotic factors including sea surface temperature (SST), nutrient concentrations and multiple lipid biomarkers (fatty acids and sterols), by combining correlation analyses and generalized additive models. POC:PON (range: 3.53–14.18 M ratios; median: 6.89) was overall higher in the (sub)tropical biome than that in the high-latitude biome. In the entire study region, SST, nutrient concentration and lipid-derived phytoplankton community structure explained 41 %, 33 % and 26 % of the variance in POC:PON, respectively, while the respective importance of each factor differed between the (sub)tropical and high-latitude biomes. Furthermore, we calculated the percentage of primary production consumed by herbivores (PPC; 54–156 %), showing a higher mean value (117 %) in the high-latitude biome and a lower one (92 %) in the (sub)tropical biome. The spatial distribution pattern of PPC can be attributed to multiple factors, with PPC correlating negatively with SST and positively with lipid-based indicators of phytoplankton food quality and POC concentrations. The increase in SST may be associated with a reduced nitrogen content, resulting in lower PPC in the (sub)tropical biome. This study highlights the significance of SST and elemental and biochemical composition of phytoplankton in regulating the transfer of organic carbon to herbivores in the NWPO.

Soil Carbon Accumulation Under Afforestation Is Driven by Contrasting Responses of Particulate and Mineral‐Associated Organic Carbon

AbstractAfforestation is widely believed to sequester carbon (C) in soil. However, the effect of afforestation on soil organic C (SOC) accumulation is still debated due to the contrasting features of particulate and mineral‐associated organic C (POC and MAOC). We conducted a field investigation of 144 paired sampling sites by comparing afforested and non‐afforested lands to investigate the POC and MAOC dynamics after afforestation across the Danjiangkou basin in subtropical China, where forests are dominated by Platycladus orientalis, Quercus variabilis and Pinus massoniana. The average contents of SOC, POC, and MAOC were significantly increased by afforestation; however, POC and MAOC responded differently to afforestation type. All afforestation types promoted the POC content, and MAOC also showed positive responses to afforestation except that afforestation with P. massoniana from shrubland significantly reduced the MAOC content. With increasing SOC content, the POC grew at a faster rate than MAOC at high SOC levels. Afforestation hindered the growth rate of POC, while it promoted the growth rate of MAOC as SOC accrued, which potentially obscured the distinct patterns of C accumulation triggered by afforestation. The variation partitioning suggests that, under afforestation, microbial traits had a higher contribution to both POC and MAOM variations compared with non‐afforested land. These results suggest that the robust buildup of microbial biomass due to increased plant C input following afforestation could contribute to soil C accumulation by promoting microbial necromass.

Distinct features of topsoil carbon fractions across urban forests in eastern China

AbstractRapid urbanization has increased the areas of urban forests that store considerable soil carbon (C). Different soil C fractions may show distinctive contents and spatial patterns in view of their contrasting sensitivities to various drivers. However, current studies on soil C fractions are mostly limited to natural ecosystems and little is known about the large‐scale patterns and drivers of soil C fractions in urban forests. Based on a field survey of urban forests across a north–south transect in eastern China, we analysed the spatial variations and main drivers of topsoil (surface layer, 0–10 cm; subsurface layer, 10–20 cm) C fractions (i.e., soil organic C, SOC; soil inorganic C, SIC; particulate organic C, POC; mineral‐associated organic C, MAOC). Our results showed that topsoil contents of POC, MAOC and SOC changed non‐linearly with latitude, with lowest values occurring in the cities in the warm temperate region. In contrast, SIC content showed the highest values in the warm temperate region. POC instead of MAOC was found to be a major fraction of SOC in urban forests. The spatial variation in topsoil POC content was mainly explained by mean annual temperature, soil clay and silt content, and park age. The spatial variation in MAOC content was mainly explained by soil clay and silt content, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature and park age. In contrast, the spatial variation in SIC content was mainly explained by mean annual precipitation and soil pH. These findings demonstrate distinct features of different soil C fractions in urban forests and provide useful implications for urban soil carbon management.

Advanced Machine Learning Models for Estimating the Distribution of Sea-Surface Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) Concentrations Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data: The Mediterranean as an Example.

Accurate estimation of the distribution of POC in the sea surface is an important issue in understanding the carbon cycle at the basin scale in the ocean. This study explores the best machine learning approach to determine the distribution of POC in the ocean surface layer based on data obtained using satellite remote sensing. In order to estimate and verify the accuracy of this method, it is necessary to obtain a large amount of POC data from field observations, so this study was conducted in the Mediterranean Sea, where such data have been obtained and published. The research initially utilizes the Geographic Detector (GD) method to identify spatial correlations between POC and 47 environmental factors in the region. Four machine learning models of a Bayesian optimized random forest (BRF), a backpropagation neural network, adaptive boosting, and extreme gradient boosting were utilized to construct POC assessment models. Model validation yielded that the BRF exhibited superior performance in estimating sea-surface POC. To build a more accurate tuneRanger random forest (TRRF) model, we introduced the tuneRanger R package for further optimization, resulting in an R2 of 0.868, a mean squared error of 1.119 (mg/m3)2, and a mean absolute error of 1.041 mg/m3. It was employed to estimate the surface POC concentrations in the Mediterranean for May and June 2017. Spatial analysis revealed higher concentrations in the west and north and lower concentrations in the east and south, with higher levels near the coast and lower levels far from the coast. Additionally, we deliberated on the impact of human activities on the surface POC in the Mediterranean. This research contributes a high-precision method for satellite retrieval of surface POC concentrations in the Mediterranean, thereby enriching the understanding of POC dynamics in this area.

Drying-wetting cycles affect soil structure by impacting soil aggregate transformations and soil organic carbon fractions

Drying-wetting (DW) cycles influence the formation and breakdown of soil aggregates and consequently impact the physical protection of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the interaction between soil structural dynamics and SOC fraction changes driven by DW cycles is still unclear. Herein, aggregation pathways were tracked by using rare earth oxides (REOs) as tracers. The recombined soil columns were subjected to different DW frequencies (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 cycles) and two DW intensities (low intensity, Q1; high intensity, Q2). During a 56-day incubation, aggregate distributions, mean water diameter (MWD), REO concentrations, the contents of SOC and its fractions (particulate organic carbon, POC; mineral-associated organic carbon, MOC) were measured. The results showed that MWD markedly increased with DW frequencies regardless of DW intensities and was significantly related to the relative changes of 2–0.25 mm aggregates (P < 0.05). Based on transformation paths, DW cycles stimulated the breakdown of > 0.25 mm aggregates and the aggregation of < 0.053 mm aggregates, thus leading to the increasing formation of 0.25–0.053 mm aggregates. Soil aggregate turnover time was affected by DW intensities and extended with DW frequencies (P < 0.05). Soil aggregate turnover time was displayed in the order of < 0.25 mm aggregates < 2–0.25 mm aggregates < 5–2 mm aggregates. MOC concentration exhibited an increasing trend with DW frequencies. A higher loss of SOC under high DW intensity resulted from more exposure of POC through soil aggregate breakdown. POC concentration was sensitive most to the 2–0.25 mm aggregates turnover time. The structural equation model (SEM) revealed that DW cycles exerted remarkable effects on MWD by impacting SOC fractions and soil aggregate transformations. Overall, our findings suggested that soil aggregate breakdown and formation processes, rather than aggregate size distributions, were more of a concern when evaluating the effects of DW cycles on soil structural stability.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L.) DENGAN KONSENTRASI DAN INTERVAL WAKTU PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR KOTORAN AYAM

Pak choy is a vegetable that content high nutrition, beneficial for health, and the price is higher compared to other types of mustard greens, so that pak choy cultivation has bright prospects. One effort to get quality pak choy is by providing chicken manure liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). The research was conducted to study: the interaction; concentration of LOF; and time interval for applying LOF that provides the best growth and yield of pak choy. The experiment was conducted from June to August 2021 in Sumber Sari Village, Sebulu District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province. The experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design with six replications. The concentration of LOF as the Main Plot, consisting of four levels, namely control (0), 25, 50, 75 mL L-1; and time interval for applying LOF as Subplots, consisted of every 2 and 4 days. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test at 5% level. The relationship between plant dry weight and LOF concentration was determined using polynomial orthogonal regression and correlation analysis. The results showed that the interaction and the time interval for applying LOF was not significantly different on all variables; while the efffect of LOF concentration is significantly different on all variables. A concentration of 25 mL POC L-1 is able to meet the nutritional needs of pak choy. The shape and strength of the relationship between dry weight of pak choy and POC concentration is linear and very strong with the regression equation ŷ = 3.263 + 0.0615x; correlation coefficient (r) 0.8344; and the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.6963.

The Effect of Moringa Leaf (Moringa oleifera L.) Liquid Organic Fertilizer with Different Concentrations on the Growth of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

One of the efforts to increase the production of chickpea plants to meet market needs is to optimally utilize the waste of Moringa leaves by converting Moringa leaves into liquid organic fertilizer so that it is easier and more practical to apply and easily absorbed by plants. Liquid organic fertilizer plays a role in improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, which can increase the production of upright bean plants. This study aims to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) of Moringa leaves with different concentrations and to determine the most effective concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) on the growth of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The method used is an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment consisted of a concentration of 16% chicken manure (as a control), POC concentrations of 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% and 80%. The results showed that there was an effect of different concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) from Moringa oleifera L. on the growth of plant height, number of leaves and wet weight in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The most effective concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) from Moringa leaves is at a concentration of 80% with an average plant height of 41.2 cm, an average number of leaves of 15.25 leaves and an average wet weight of 3.98 grams. number of leaves and fresh weight on chickpea plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The most effective concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) from Moringa leaves is at a concentration of 80% with an average plant height of 41.2 cm, an average number of leaves of 15.25 leaves and an average wet weight of 3.98 grams. number of leaves and fresh weight on chickpea plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The most effective concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) from Moringa leaves is at a concentration of 80% with an average plant height of 41.2 cm, an average number of leaves of 15.25 leaves and an average wet weight of 3.98 grams.

The Effect of Applying Azolla Liquid Organic Fertilizer in the Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings in Pre-Nursery

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The development and replanting of smallholder oil palm is rapid and massive; its success from the beginning is determined, among others, by sufficient quantities of seeds with good quality. Nutrient management is the highest priority in nurseries, and along with strengthening the application of sustainability principles in the palm oil industry, alternative sources of nutrients other than inorganic fertilizers are needed. This study aimed to determine the right concentration of Azolla liquid organic fertilizer to increase the growth of oil palm seedlings in pre-nursery. The study was a single factor arranged in a completely randomized design. The studied treatment of POC Azolla concentrations of 100, 85, 75, 65, 55, 45, 35, 25, 15%, plus compost treatment of Azolla solids, NPKMg (15-15-6-4) and urea with 8 repetitions. Required seedlings (9+3) x 8 = 96 polybags. The results showed that applying Azolla POC concentration of 15-35% and solid Azolla compost provided the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery, which tended to be better than inorganic fertilizers. POC in this concentration range also results in a better seedling root system, thus potentially increasing the adaptability of oil palm seedlings after being transplanted on permanent land&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

The Effect Of Concentration Of Rice Washing Water Poc And Potato Skin On Growth And Production Of Sweet Corn (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt)

The research was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ekasakti University, Padang. October to December 2021. The research of giving is to get the best POC concentration of rice washing water and potato skins for the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 5 treatments of 5 groups so that in total there were 25 experimental units, each experimental unit contained 4 plants so that the number of plants in the study was 100 plants. Treatment of POC concentration of rice washing water and potato skins as follows: A = 20% POC; B = 30% POC; C = 40% POC; D = 50% POC; E = 60% POC. Observational data obtained were analyzed statistically using variance. The results showed that the administration of POC rice washing water and potato peels had no significant effect on plant height, leaf length and longest leaf width, flowering age, cob length, cob diameter, number of rows on the cob, cob weight per plant, but significantly different on age. harvest. The best concentration of POC in rice washing water and potato peel on the growth and yield of sweet corn has not been found. Keywords: POC, sweet corn, growth, yield

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil ‎Ciplukan (Physalis peruviana L.) dengan Pemberian ‎Pupuk Petroganik dan POC Sabut Kelapa

Continuous application of inorganic fertilizers can reduce soil fertility due to a decrease in its physical, chemical and biological properties. The application of a combination of petroganic fertilizers and POC coconut coir is expected to be able to improve soil properties, so as to optimize plant growth and fruit, especially ciplukan (Physalis peruviana L.). This study aims to analyze the growth and yield of ciplukan (Physalis ‎peruviana L.) by administering various combinations of concentrations of petroganic fertilizer and coco coir POC, and to determine the most optimal combination for ciplukan growth and yield. Sasi Kirana Green House, Purworejo, Hargobinangun, Pakem, Sleman Regency, as well as the Ahmad Dahlan University Botanical Laboratory from March 2022 to June 2022. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of two variables, in the form of petroganic fertilizer (P0 : 0g, P1: 90g and P2: 180g) and POC coconut fiber (K0: 0%, K1: ‎‎10% and K2: 20%) with 3 repetitions. The dependent variables were plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, crown wet and dry weight, number of fruit, fruit diameter and fruit weight. Data were analyzed by ANOVA parametric test and DMRT follow-up test, or Friedman's non-parametric test. The results showed that the higher the combination of petroganic and POC concentrations of coco coir, the higher the growth and yield of ciplukan. Treatment I (180 g of petroganic and 20% POC concentration) gave significantly different results for all parameters, namely: 1) plant height (192.67 cm); 2) number of leaves (242.33 leaves); 3) number of branches (44.67); 4) crown wet weight (309.33 g); 5) shoot dry weight (58.00 g); 6) number of fruit per plant (66.67 fruit); 7) fruit diameter (13.83 mm); and 8) fruit weight (1.87 g). The conclusions of this study indicate that the application of petroganic and POC coconut coir can increase the growth of ciplukan plants, with the most optimal growth response shown in treatment I (administration of 180g petroganic and ‎20% POC concentration).

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Talas (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott)

Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) is e tuber commodity that contains carbohydrates and can be used as an alternative source of food besides rice. This research was aimed to get the effects of liquid organic fertilizer on Taro’s vegetative growth. The research was conducted on September - December 2021 at Kebun Pendidikan Pengembangan Pertanian Bandongan Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Tidar University, Bandongan, Magelang Regency with an altitude of 360 m asl. The research method was arranged in Completely Randomized Block Design using a non-factorial experiments with one experiment factor and repeated three times. The research factor is POC concentration with levels: 0, 2, 3, and 4 ml/l. The research results show that POC applications with 3-4 ml/l concentration showed a very significant difference in length of stalk and significantly different in plant height.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Durian dan Pupuk Organik Cair Urine Kelinci terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Buncis Tegak (Phaseolus vulgaris L)

The aims of the research was to determine the effect dose of durio peel compost and concentration of rabbit urine liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of upright bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L). The dose of fertilization is a dose of fertilizer given in units of weight per land area, while the concentration is the amount of solution needed in liters. The research was conducted from July to October 2022 in Tirip Hamlet, Kembaran Village, Candimulyo District, Magelang Regency at an altitude of 437 m asl. The research used a factorial experiment (4x4) which was arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replications as blocks. The first factor of the dose of durio peel compost is 0, 150, 300, and 450 g. The second factor was the POC concentration of rabbit urine 0, 15, 30, and 45 ml. The results showed that different doses of durio peel compost provide the number of pods per plant, the weight of fresh pods per plant and the protein content. The higher concentration of rabbit urine liquid organic fertilizer increases the weight of fresh pods per plant and the protein content. The dose of durio peel compost fertilizer 300 g and without liquid organic fertilizer rabbit urine provides the highest protein content.

The Effect of Golden Snail Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Growth and yield of two two red lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L) Varieties

This research was conducted in Modong Village, Tulangan District, Sidoarjo Regency and continued with further research at the Agrotechnology Laboratory of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo University. This research will be conducted in March-June 2023. This study used the Factorial Pattern Group Random design method, namely Red Lettuce Red Rapid and Lolorosa varieties with the provision of Gold Snail POC concentrations, namely 25 ml / polybag, 50 ml / polybag, 75 ml/polybag. The data obtained was analyzed using Fingerprint Analysis (Annova) and if the real difference was continued with the 5% Honest Real Difference Test (BNJ). The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, root length and harvest index. Based on the results of the study showed that the red rapid lettuce variety is a variety that has a very real influence on the observation variebel of plant height, number of leaves and wet weight, but does not have a real effect on the observation variables of root length, dry weight and harvest index. Based on the results of the study showed that the red rapid lettuce variety is a variety that has a very real influence on the observation variebel of plant height, number of leaves and wet weight, but does not have a real effect on the observation variables of root length, dry weight and harvest index. The treatment of gold snail POC with 50 ml administration had a very real effect on the observation variable of plant height at the age of 28 HST

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR NASA PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SAWI HIJAU (Brassica juncea L)

Green mustard plants are plants that are cultivated because they have high economic value and are needed by the community. However, there are problems in cultivation, one way to overcome them is by providing liquid organic fertilizer. NASA POC is a liquid organic fertilizer derived from agricultural and livestock waste which has a high macro and micro nutrient content. The aim of the research was to determine the best NASA POC concentration that increases the growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L). The research used quantitative analysis designed in a 1 factor Randomized Block Design consisting of 6 levels and repeated 4 times. Observation variables were plant height, stem diameter and fresh weight of green mustard plants. The data was analyzed using variance. The results of this research were that the application of NASA POC of 10 ml/L was able to increase the height of green mustard plants by 21.53 cm, stem diameter by 14.40 cm, and fresh weight of mustard greens by 195.70 grams.

Growth of Black Orchids (Coelogyne Pandurata Lindl) with Additional Ecoenzyme Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Biostimulant of Cengkodok Leaf Extract

Acclimatization of black orchid plantlets (Coleogyne pandurata Lindl.) with cengkodok leaf extract biostimulant treatment has been successfully carried out, but still have slow growth. To support growth and development at the enlargement stage, cultivated orchids need to be given eco enzyme liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) derived from various sources of organic matter. Provision of ecoenzyme LOF combined with biostimulant 20 mg/l of Cengkodok leaf extract to increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption. The aim of the research was to find the best type and concentration of LOF for the growth of black orchids at the enlargement stage. The study used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatment factors namely type of LOF (ecoenzyme (ee) LOF from vegetable and fruit waste, ee LOF from pineapple peel waste, and "NASA" LOF) and . the POC concentration (0; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 ml/l). The results showed that the single treatment of ee LOF significantly effected the number of leaves and the number of black orchid tillers, while the single treatment of ee LOF concentration had an effect on the parameters of height, number of leaves, number of tillers and leaf area of black orchid. The parameter of chlorophyll content had no signifcant effect by the type and concentration of LOF. The largest leaf area was shown in the addition of ee LOF from vegetable and fruit waste at a concentration of 1 ml/l which was 11.88 cm2.

The Effect of Fertigation System and kitchen waste POC on Paprika Plants

The effort to increase the production of paprika plants is needed in order to supply increasing market demands. The production enhancement can be done through cultivation technology improvement that is the improvement on irrigation system and soil fertility. Fertigation system is a watering application together with fertilizer application. Whereas, the improvement of soil fertility can be done by using kitchen waste POC. The research was carried out in Pangli, Sesean District, Toraja Utara Regency, on February until June 2022. The research is a factorial experiment that is arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of 8 treatment combinations and repeated 3 times. The first factor is fertigation system that consists of 2 kinds of irrigation systems, namely bulk irrigation system (F1) and drip irrigation system (F2). The second factor is kitchen waste POC that consists of 4 levels of concentration, namely 350 ml/l of water (L1), 400 ml/l of water (L2), 450 ml/l of water (L3), and 500 ml/l of water (L4). The results show that drip fertigation treatment, kitchen waste POC concentration of 450 ml / l water has a significant effect, while the combination of fertigation system treatment and kitchen waste POC concentration only has a significant effect on plant height.

The Role of Glacier Erosion in Riverine Particulate Organic Carbon Export

AbstractBiospheric particulate organic carbon (POCbio) burial and rock petrogenic particulate organic carbon (POCpetro) oxidation are opposing long‐term controls on the global carbon cycle, sequestering and releasing carbon, respectively. Here, we examine how watershed glacierization impacts the POC source by assessing the concentration and isotopic composition (δ13C and Δ14C) of POC exported from four watersheds with 0%–49% glacier coverage across a melt season in Southeast Alaska. We used two mixing models (age‐weight percent and dual carbon isotope) to calculate concentrations of POCbio and POCpetro within the bulk POC pool. The fraction POCpetro contribution was highest in the heavily glacierized watershed (age‐weight percent: 0.39 ± 0.05; dual isotope: 0.42 (0.37–0.47)), demonstrating a glacial source of POCpetro to fjords. POCpetro was mobilized via glacier melt and subglacial flow, while POCbio was largely flushed from the non‐glacierized landscape by rain. Flow normalized POCbio concentrations exceeded POCpetro concentrations for all streams, but surprisingly were highest in the heavily glacierized watershed (mean: 0.70 mgL−1; range 0.16–1.41 mgL−1), suggesting that glacier rivers can contribute substantial POCbio to coastal waters. Further, the most heavily glacierized watershed had the highest sediment concentration (207 mgL−1; 7–708 mgL−1), and thus may facilitate long‐term POCbio protection via sediment burial in glacier‐dominated fjords. Our results suggest that continuing glacial retreat will decrease POC concentrations and increase POCbio:POCpetro exported from currently glacierized watersheds. Glacier retreat may thus decrease carbon storage in marine sediments and provide a positive feedback mechanism to climate change that is sensitive to future changes in POCpetro oxidation.

Hydrology, rather than wildfire burn extent, determines post‐fire organic and black carbon export from mountain rivers in central coastal California

AbstractCoastal mountain rivers export disproportionately high quantities of terrestrial organic carbon (OC) directly to the ocean, feeding microbial communities and altering coastal ecology. To better predict and mitigate the effects of wildfires on aquatic ecosystems and resources, we must evaluate the relationships between fire, hydrology, and carbon export, particularly in the fire‐prone western United States. This study examined the spatiotemporal export of particulate and dissolved OC (POC and DOC, respectively) and particulate and dissolved black carbon (PBC and DBC, respectively) from five coastal mountain watersheds following the 2020 CZU Lightning Complex Fires (California, USA). Despite high variability in watershed burn extent (20–98%), annual POC, DOC, PBC, and DBC concentrations remained relatively stable among the different watersheds. Instead, they correlated significantly with watershed discharge. Our findings indicate that hydrology, rather than burn extent, is a primary driver of post‐fire carbon export in coastal mountain watersheds.

Test On The Implementation of Compound Biodive Poc Inincreasing The Germination Rate of Sugar Cane Cuttings (Sugar Factoryl.)

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of various concentrations of compound biological liquid organic fertilizer (POC) on the germination of plant cuttings. This research method uses a Randomized Group Design (RAK), with 1 treatment factor, namely Biological POC Concentration (K) consisting of 8 treatment levels, namely 0 ml, 1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml, 4 ml, 5 ml, 6 ml, and 7 ml Biological POC per liter of water. This experiment was repeated 3 times with each treatment containing 2 sample plants, so that 24 treatments were obtained. Results The best statistical value was achieved by the K4 treatment, namely a concentration of 4 ml of Biological POC per liter of water for all observed parameters, including the percentage increase in growth compared to the control treatment so that the K4 treatment was considered more effective and efficient in the initial growth of sugarcane cuttings.