Pneumatic Technology Research Articles

Research on Pneumatic Manipulator Control Methods

With the rapid development of pneumatic technology, there has been an increasing focus on leveraging pneumatic manipulator equipment that offers a blend of affordability, high performance, and numerous advantages, catering to the diverse needs of modern production practices. Pneumatic manipulators stand out among controlled manipulators due to their cost-effectiveness, straightforward design, impressive power-to-volume ratio, environmentally friendly operation, and robust resilience to external interference. This paper delves into addressing significant control deviations encountered during the dynamic movement of pneumatic manipulators, aiming to optimize the manipulator s structure and devise an efficient pneumatic system circuit. Additionally, it harnesses PLC control technology to devise a comprehensive control ladder diagram for the pneumatic manipulator, thereby ensuring precise control over its motion. By validating the feasibility and accuracy of the designed motion control methods, this study contributes to enhancing the overall efficiency and reliability of pneumatic manipulator systems in industrial settings.

Advancing Home-Based Brain Attack Rehabilitation with Electrotherapeutic-Pneumatic Stimulated Forearm Device Configurations

Globally, cerebrovascular events, commonly known as strokes, remain a significant health concern, presenting formidable challenges to neurologists across the nation. These strokes, responsible for a substantial number of fatalities, often lead to a debilitating condition known as Upper Arm Hemiplegia. Poststroke, effective rehabilitation is crucial for enabling individuals to regain their independence, particularly within the confines of their homes. However, the modern therapeutic options and features available can be challenging to access due to financial constraints and the overwhelming number of patients in need. In response to these challenges, there is a pressing need to leverage cutting-edge pneumatic technology to develop a portable device that can address these limitations. This paper introduces a novel, pneumatic-driven, wearable forearm device designed to optimize arm kinematics. This innovative wearable empowers patients, enabling them to regain control and dexterity in their fingers, thus improving their ability to perform daily activities. The pneumatic-actuated device consists of a compact upper arm miniature cylinder, controlled by advanced solenoid valves, all orchestrated by Arduino controller. This home-based rehabilitation device is not only small and lightweight but also boasts impressive power capabilities. Utilizing the latest trends in technology, the results of a sample subjected to the Fugl Meyer Assessment demonstrate the effectiveness of this portable device as an invaluable tool for home-based rehabilitation, ushering in a new era of stroke recovery.

Facilitating Energy Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Pneumatic Cylinders with Exergy and Machine Learning

Pneumatic systems are widely used in industrial production sectors. Increasing penetrations of Intelligent Manufacturing and Green Manufacturing are highlighting the drawbacks of pneumatic technology in terms of particularly low energy efficiency and low-level fault diagnosis intelligence. Here we propose that a combined energy-based maintenance and fault diagnostic approach for pneumatic systems could be a game-changer for pneumatics. In this study, a pneumatic cylinder with internal and external leakages is examined and a typical pneumatic experimental system is built. Exergy is adopted for evaluating the available energy of compressed air. Data-driven machine learning models, SAE + SoftMax neural network model and SAE + SVM model, are developed for fault detection and diagnosis. By comparing different machine learning methods with various pressure, flowrate, and exergy data, it is found that the diagnostic accuracy when using pressure and flowrate data is highly dependent on operating conditions, while the diagnostic accuracy when using exergy data is always high regardless of operating conditions. This indicates the promise of developing an exergy-based maintenance paradigm in pneumatic systems. Besides, with exergy and machine learning, more downstream faults can be detected and diagnosed with fewer upstream sensors. This study is the first attempt to develop an exergy-based maintenance paradigm in pneumatic systems. We hope it could inspire the following investigations in other energy domains.

Integrated Real-Time Pneumatic Monitoring System With Triboelectric Linear Displacement Sensor

With the continuous development of mechanical automation field, its monitoring technology is also changing with each passing day. Pneumatic technology is one of the important ways to realize mechanical automation. Here, the integrated real-time pneumatic monitoring system (PMS) is proposed, which is composed of a triboelectric linear displacement sensor (TLDS) and a cylinder. The resolution of TLDS is 100 µm, which is composed of a slider and a stator. According to theory of freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator, the working principle of TLDS is explained. Therefore, the proposed PMS can realize displacement and speed monitoring of the full stroke of the cylinder. The experiment results show that the PMS enabled accurate monitoring of cylinder displacement and speed under different pressure conditions, and the mean error rate of PMS is less than 2%. In addition, to fulfill the actual demands of the pneumatic industry, the real-time hardware processing module is designed to realize real-time monitoring. Finally, the PMS still has stable monitoring performance after 6 h (about 4 km) continuous operation. This work successfully explored the application of triboelectric sensors in pneumatic system and reached the requirements of industrial applications.

Design Analysis of a Pneumatic Vehicle

The Design Analysis of a Pneumatic Vehicle aims to investigate and evaluate the performance and efficiency of a three-wheeled vehicle powered by pneumatic technology. The vehicle utilizes two cylinder tanks for air storage and employs a pneumatic cylinder with specific dimensions of 50mm bore, 20mm rod, and 138mm stroke. The primary objective of this project is to comprehensively analyse the design aspects of the pneumatic vehicle and assess its potential applications and benefits. This research involves a detailed examination of the vehicle’s overall design, including its structural components, pneumatic system, and power transmission mechanisms. The performance of the vehicle, such as speed, acceleration, and manoeuvrability is assessed through practical experiments. It is being constructed with light material, simple way of working, low manufacturing and maintenance cost, it does not produce exhaust emission. The outcome contributes valuable insights into the potential applications of pneumatic vehicles, particularly those with three-wheel configurations. By evaluating the design and performance of the vehicle, the research shed light on the feasibility and advantages of adopting pneumatic technology in transportation systems. The research findings also provide useful guidelines for further improvements and optimization of the pneumatic vehicle design. Review of the availability and the impact of the fossil fuels and the cost increment in the present and future generation led us to construct a vehicle, which runs on air, as a renewable energy source. This report is a detailed description of the design, construction, working and testing of the pneumatic vehicle. In this report, operating pressure of 0.5Mpa is used, force produced by cylinder is 1864.6N, vehicle torque 93.23N-m and efficiency of the vehicle is 78%. This research also aims to explore potential applications of the pneumatic vehicle in various domains, including urban transportation, delivery services, and short-distance commuting. The reduced carbon footprint and environmental benefits associated with pneumatic vehicles make them an attractive option for sustainable transportation solutions. In conclusion, the Design Analysis of a Pneumatic Vehicle seeks to evaluate the design, performance, and efficiency of a three-wheeled vehicle powered by pneumatic technology. Through comprehensive analysis and experimentation.

Pneumatic Underwater Coral-Coring Drill

Abstract To extract meter-length, large-diameter cores from live massive corals on shallow reefs we developed a versatile underwater pneumatic drill driven by a portable gasoline-powered air compressor carried onboard a small boat. This drill was used to obtain intact cores 8.0 cm in diameter and 0.5‐1.5 m long from Guam's coastal waters. Advantages of this pneumatic drill over standard hydraulic drills include (1) lower cost; (2) easier portability; (3) more stable, safer, and faster drilling; and (4) elimination of the need to carry and use hydraulic fluid on the coral reef. The pivotal innovation in the application of pneumatic technology was use of an air motor rather than a conventional handheld pneumatic drill. Another significant innovation was employment of a pneumatic water pump to provide a continuous flow that purges debris from the borehole and the cutting edge of the diamond drill bit. This drill can provide paleo-climate researchers and others interested in retrieving high-quality coral core samples with a reliable, economical, easy to operate, safe, and environmentally friendly alternative to more expensive and cumbersome hydraulic drills.

Discussion on the Application Demonstration Course Construction Project of Chifeng College

This article takes the mechanical design, manufacturing, and automation of Chifeng University as an example to explore the construction plan of a demonstration course for the application of hydraulic and pneumatic technology. Propose three construction plans to strengthen the integration of ideological and political education into courses, “project driven, competition education integration”, and virtual simulation technology application. The construction significance is in line with the current ideas of Chifeng University construction, and the construction plan provides practical guidance for the development of similar professional disciplines

Design and Test of a Lateral-Approaching and Horizontal-Pushing Transplanting Manipulator for Greenhouse Seedlings

Highlights A lateral-approaching and horizontal-pushing automatic transplanting manipulator was developed on the basis of cultural practice for vegetable production. The transplanting manipulator approached the seedlings using a circuitous path, which could get away from the seedling plants for extraction with low damages. Based on the modern mechatronics and pneumatic technology, a set of control system was designed to coordinate each function unit for flexible automation. Abstract. A lateral-approaching and horizontal-pushing transplanting manipulator for greenhouse seedlings was developed to minimize the damage of their stems and leaves during transplanting. The manipulator is composed of a pick-up robotic arm, an end-effector, two conveyors, and a control system. The robotic arm liking a spatial 3-DoF displacement mechanism to achieve a point-to-point circuitous locomotion of the end-effector was designed with the mechanism combination innovation method, which consisted of two crossing high-speed linear modules and a pushing slide cylinder. The end-effector of a pincette-type mechanism uses two cylinder fingers and four pins to pick up and release the seedlings. Each conveyor adopts a flat-belt transmission mode to move the plug tray/growth pot to the working position of the end-effector. The control system coordinates the flexible automation of each component. A physical prototype of the manipulator was constructed and its performance was tested under laboratory conditions. Through the high-speed camera test, the end-effector could approach plug seedling in lateral sliding way to effectively shelter the seedling plants. On the whole, the maximum holding angles of these seedling plants were larger than 45° with little effects on the subsequent growth. The corresponding performance tests showed that the average success ratios for automatic transplanting were up to 97.57% for typical pepper and cabbage seedlings. The lateral-approaching and horizontal-pushing transplanting performance was satisfactory. Keywords: Circuitous path, Greenhouse production, Low damage, Plug seedling, Transplanting.

Analysis on Influence Factors of Differential Pressure Detection of Gas Leakage

Pneumatic technology takes compressed gas as the power source, but the leakage of gas in the pipeline due to poor sealing or pipeline rupture affects the accuracy of pneumatic control, the flow of gas transmission, and even the emission of harmful gas. The air tightness of differential pressure method has broad significance in the study of tight leakage because of its simple operation, short detection time, and high precision. Bubbling method, acoustic emission detection method, and direct pressure detection method have the characteristics of difficult operation, environmental sensitivity and low detection accuracy. They are not suitable for effective and high-precision detection of leakage in harsh environment. The air tightness detection method of differential pressure method has the advantages of simple operation, short detection time, and high accuracy. It has extensive significance in the research of air tightness leakage. At present, the focus of differential pressure method is to keep the same charging state of the master tank and the tested tank. However, when the shape of the tested tank is irregular or difficult to copy, the influence of different master tank on differential pressure method leakage detection needs to be considered. In this study, a gas leakage flow calculation model is established. The influence of the inherent parameters of the master tank on the calculation of the pressure difference, temperature difference, and leakage between the two cavities is analyzed in the simulation. Finally, the master tank is set as a quasi-isothermal cavity, and the tested tank is set as 3 L and 5 L air tanks for leakage test. The maximum error of experiment of 3 L tank reaches 39 mL/min at the later stage of measurement, with a detection deviation of 14.4%. The maximum error of experiment of 5 L tank is 412.4 mL/min, with a deviation rate of 28.3%. This method can detect leakage with high precision in harsh environment.

Gas Flow Measurement Method with Temperature Compensation for a Quasi-Isothermal Cavity

Pneumatic transmission is a technology that uses compressed air as a power source to drive and control various mechanical equipment to realize the mechanization and automation of production processes. With the development of industrial mechanization and automation, pneumatic technology, represented by pneumatic muscle, is increasingly becoming more widely used in various fields. The current standards for research are more complex for the measurement of flow without a flowmeter, some of them do not consider the influence of temperature change on flow measurement, and some of them are simplified as adiabatic or isothermal models, which are inaccurate measurement methods in actual practical application. This paper describes a method to determine flow rate by measuring the pressure change in the process of gas tank inflation. This study used the method of temperature compensation to eliminate the influence of temperature in the isothermal formula. The measurement structure was simple and the calculation was accurate, which has a certain practical significance. Based on this method, charging experiments were carried out with a gas tank that had a volume of 3 L or 5 L with or without copper wire filling, and the experimental results were used in the processed research. The temperature compensation parameters were identified with or without an isothermal environment and in different sizes of tanks. This method identified the different parameters of the 5 L tank and 3 L tank. Finally, the flow compensation was completed for the gas tank filled with copper wire. After verification, the results of the quasi-isothermal calculation formula and temperature compensation formula were close to those measured by a high-precision flow sensor in the experiment. The method introduced in this study is a novel flow calculation method that is simple in structure and accurate in calculation compared with the conventional isothermal calculation method; furthermore, it can be used in real world situations without the need for a high-precision flow sensor.

Fennel Seeds Planting by Investigated Novel Pneumatic Technology

Fennel Seeds Planting by Investigated Novel Pneumatic Technology

Prospects for the Integrated Development of Pneumatic Technologies in Construction

Prospects for the Integrated Development of Pneumatic Technologies in Construction

Revisiting the Industrial Pneumatic Technology—An Innovative Development for an Increased Energetic Efficiency

Abstract A new pneumatic cylinder assembly is proposed as an alternative to classical cylinders which are well known for their poor energetic efficiency. The new system comprises an added expansion volume which permits to recover the energy content of a filled cylinder by a real thermodynamic expansion instead of simply releasing the filled air to the atmosphere. The energetic performance of the new system is evaluated and compared with the performance of an equivalent single cylinder producing the same mechanical work. The paper explains the operation principle and properties through numeric simulation and presents a small experimental prototype.

Development of soft actuators for stroke rehabilitation using deep learning

Automation has created a mind-blowing impact in diversified fields all over the world. Not only in business but also in various domains like health care sectors, manufacturing, etc. a faultless execution is a prime concern. Robotic Process Automation has paved the way for research in the mechanical and mechatronics field. Software robots are trained well to complete repetitive tasks in an efficient manner. A design of such a soft robot can be greatly helpful in the arena of healing. Automation of Rehabilitation therapy has gained attention in recent years. The main aspiration towards the conduct of this research work is to accomplish a soft exoskeleton robot using a thin McKibben actuator applying Deep Learning approaches to aid automatic therapy to the paralyzed patients and help them carry out the hand movement-based exercises. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm will be used to support the training of the AI-enabled automated device. The proposed methodology will support stroke survivors to perform exercises independently to enhance their hand motor recovery. For this purpose, it involves pneumatic soft actuator technology using thin McKibben artificial muscles to create a cognitive potential to induce rehabilitation. A soft actuator is proposed so as to confirm the safety purposes of stroke patients.

Exploration on Teaching Mode Reform of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic and Pneumatic Technology Under Background of Curriculum Ideology and Politics

Exploration on Teaching Mode Reform of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic and Pneumatic Technology Under Background of Curriculum Ideology and Politics

Investigation of clinically acceptable agreement between two methods of automatic measurement of limb occlusion pressure: a randomised trial

BackgroundDevelopment of automatic, pneumatic tourniquet technology and use of personalised tourniquet pressures has improved the safety and accuracy of surgical tourniquet systems. Personalisation of tourniquet pressure requires accurate measurement of limb occlusion pressure (LOP), which can be measured automatically through two different methods. The ‘embedded LOP’ method measures LOP using a dual-purpose tourniquet cuff acting as both patient sensor and pneumatic effector. The ‘distal LOP’ method measures LOP using a distal sensor applied to the patient’s finger or toe of the operating limb, using photoplethysmography to detect volumetric changes in peripheral blood circulation. The distal LOP method has been used clinically for many years; the embedded LOP method was developed recently with several advantages over the distal LOP method. While both methods have clinically acceptable accuracy in comparison to LOP measured using the manual Doppler ultrasound method, these two automatic methods have not been directly compared. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the embedded and distal methods of LOP measurement have clinically acceptable agreement. The differences in pairs of LOP measurement in the upper and lower limbs of 81 healthy individuals were compared using modified Bland and Altman analysis. In surgery, it is common for cuff pressure to deviate from the pressure setpoint due to limb manipulation. Surgical tourniquet systems utilise a ± 15 mmHg pressure alarm window, whereby if the cuff pressure deviates from the pressure setpoint by > 15 mmHg, an audiovisual alarm is triggered. Therefore, if the difference (bias) ± SE, 95% CI of the bias and SD of differences ± SE in LOP measurement between the embedded and distal methods were all within ±15 mmHg, this would demonstrate that the two methods have clinically acceptable agreement.ResultsLOP measurement using the embedded LOP method was − 0.81 ± 0.75 mmHg (bias ± standard error) lower than the distal LOP method. The 95% confidence interval of the bias was − 2.29 to 0.66 mmHg. The standard deviation of the differences ± standard error was 10.35 ± 0.49 mmHg. These results show that the embedded and distal methods of LOP measurement demonstrate clinically acceptable agreement.ConclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrate clinically acceptable agreement between the embedded and distal methods of LOP measurement. The findings support the use of the embedded LOP method of automatic LOP measurement using dual-purpose tourniquet cuffs to enable accurate, effective and simple prescription of personalised tourniquet cuff pressures in a clinical setting.

Massive Pressure Amplification by Stimulated Contraction of Mesoporous Frameworks*.

Herein we demonstrate mesoporous frameworks interacting with carbon dioxide leading to stimulated structural contractions and massive out‐of‐equilibrium pressure amplification well beyond ambient pressure. Carbon dioxide, a non‐toxic and non‐flammable working medium, is promising for the development of pressure‐amplifying frameworks for pneumatic technologies and safety systems. The strong interaction of the fluid with the framework even contracts DUT‐46, a framework hitherto considered as non‐flexible. Synchrotron‐based in situ PXRD/adsorption experiments reveal the characteristic contraction pressure for DUT‐49 pressure amplification in the range of 350–680 kPa. The stimulated framework contraction expels 1.1 to 2.4 mmol g−1 CO2 leading to autonomous pressure amplification in a pneumatic demonstrator system up to 428 kPa. According to system level estimations even higher theoretical pressure amplification may be achieved between 535 and 1011 kPa.

Massive Pressure Amplification by Stimulated Contraction of Mesoporous Frameworks**

AbstractHerein we demonstrate mesoporous frameworks interacting with carbon dioxide leading to stimulated structural contractions and massive out‐of‐equilibrium pressure amplification well beyond ambient pressure. Carbon dioxide, a non‐toxic and non‐flammable working medium, is promising for the development of pressure‐amplifying frameworks for pneumatic technologies and safety systems. The strong interaction of the fluid with the framework even contracts DUT‐46, a framework hitherto considered as non‐flexible. Synchrotron‐based in situ PXRD/adsorption experiments reveal the characteristic contraction pressure for DUT‐49 pressure amplification in the range of 350–680 kPa. The stimulated framework contraction expels 1.1 to 2.4 mmol g−1 CO2 leading to autonomous pressure amplification in a pneumatic demonstrator system up to 428 kPa. According to system level estimations even higher theoretical pressure amplification may be achieved between 535 and 1011 kPa.

Design & Fabrication of Intelligent Bumper and Braking System

In today’s world automation is increasing day by day which includes Pneumatic technology, it had gained tremendous importance from old age & coal mining to modern machines like heavy machinery’s & even in space robot’s. to surf along with the study or market research one should must have knowledge in pneumatic system. The main course of this project is to study on pneumatics’ and to relate the topic in the project. In that case we designed and fabricated Intelligent electronically controlled automotive bumper activation called “PNEUMATIC BUMPER & BRAKING SYSTEM”. This system has a ARDUINO UNO as a micro controller, IR transmitter & Receiver circuit & Pneumatic actuators used as braking & bumper system. Now a day’s accident is a huge problem especially in INDIA due to improper construction of road and tracks. To overcome this problem this project helps in minimizing the accidents & greatest damage to the person if accident takes place.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ КОТЛОВ-УТИЛИЗАТОРОВ В РАМКАХ ВЫБОРА КОМПОНОВОЧНОЙ СХЕМЫ КОМПРЕССОРНОГО ЦЕХА

Повышение эффективности паровых котлов во многом связано со своевременной очисткой поверхностей нагрева, что улучшает их паропроизводительность и позволяет экономить существенное количество условного топлива. Одним из перспективных направлений на этом пути является применение пневмоимпульсной технологии, обеспечивающей получение высокоэффективных, безопасных, дистанционно управляемых систем очистки. Реализация данной технологии предполагает в том числе проведение оценки состава и компоновки необходимого оборудования компрессорного цеха, решения задач их оптимального проектирования