Pleurotus Florida Research Articles

Enzymatic Activity and Nutrient Profile Assessment of Three Pleurotus Species Under Pasteurized Cenchrus fungigraminus Cultivation

Oyster mushrooms are regarded as one of the most significant edible mushrooms in terms of commercial value because of their rich nutritional profile. Many bioactive extracts from Pleurotus species have been found to exhibit antitumor and antioxidant activities. However, to grow oyster mushrooms in this study, the pasteurized Cenchrus fungigraminus was used as culture material, a type of grass that proliferates and has a high root growth rate. It contains high levels of sugar and protein and yields a large amount of biomass. Because of these characteristics, it is considered an efficient and cost-effective energy crop with various applications, including phytoremediation and fodder production. A pasteurization technique for this grass that is suited for the simplest formulation is simple and cost-effective for growing oyster mushrooms on small farms. This study used pasteurized Cenchrus fungigraminus as a substrate to grow three mushroom species: Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus florida. The aim was to evaluate their enzyme activities, growth rate, and yields. The findings demonstrated that the average growth rate of three species grown in pasteurized C. fungigraminus was between 25 days and 36 days. Therefore, the mycelium growth rate of P. ostreatus was faster than other pleurotus species in this study. The highest biological efficiency was recorded with P. ostreatus at 78.23%, then P. pulmonarius at 59.88, and lastly, 39.66% P. florida. The changes in five enzyme activities in distinct developmental stages of three different pleurotus species were evaluated. Therefore, the laccase had the highest peak with 13.8 U/g on the 20th day during the growth phase and gradually decreased to the fruiting body stage of P. ostreatus. The expression of manganese peroxidase reached the highest activity of 3.6 U/g in P. ostreatus compared to P. florida and P. pulmonarius on the 10th day. The expression of other enzymes varied between species and developmental phases. The results indicate the usefulness of pasteurized C. fungigraminus for cultivating Pleurotus species and expression enzyme activity in different Pleurotus species.

Proximate analysis of Pleurotus florida influenced by magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in submerged and solid-state cultivation

Pleurotus florida is a widely consumed and easily cultivated mushroom, valued for its high nutritional content. This study aimed to enhance its mineral content through substrate fortification, specifically using magnesium sulfate, to create more nutrient-rich food products. Since minerals are crucial for mushroom growth, supplementing substrates can significantly improve both incubation and fructification, addressing the need for higher-quality mushrooms in functional foods and dietary supplements. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the Mushroom Technology Laboratory, School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India, to examine the effects of Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on P. florida during the rainy season (July–October 2022) in both submerged and solid-state cultivation. Different concentration of MgSO4 (Control, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) was supplemented to PDA media and paddy straw for cultivation of P.floridamushroom. The study assessed fruiting body production, mycelial biomass yield, protein content, and antioxidant activity. Results showed that MgSO4 significantly increased biomass production (28.67mg/100ml and 89.06g/500g of substrate for T3 for both mycelia and fruiting body), antioxidant activity (88.90 and 96.86% for control), and bioactive content (protein 20.28and 20.72 mg/100g for both mycelia and fruiting body respectively at treatment T4), notably affecting the mushrooms' metabolic profile (p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that mineral-fortified P. florida mushrooms are rich in essential nutrients and have potential as valuable pharmaceutical products.

GC-MS Analysis of Polysaccharides from an Intergeneric Hybrid of Pleurotus florida and Cordyceps militaris: A Comparative Study.

Edible and medicinal mushrooms are valuable sources of polysaccharides, known for their dual roles as immunostimulants and immunosuppressants. This study aimed to enhance polysaccharide content by fusing two mushroom species, P. florida and C. militaris, while exploring their antioxidant and antibacterial potential. These mushrooms have diverse health benefits, including lowering high cholesterol, providing anti-inflammatory effects, supporting diabetes management, aiding in cancer treatment, and enhancing the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Successful hyphal fusion was achieved, and optimal culture conditions were determined using response surface methodology. The hybrids exhibited superior growth compared to the parental strains. Hyphal fusion improved several attributes, resulting in diverse hybrids with increased biomass and metabolite production. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of exopolysaccharides, with concentrations measured at 28.4g/L (P1), 31.50g/L (CD), and 36.74g/L (F3). GC-MS analysis identified various bioactive metabolites, including a higher concentration of dimethyl palmitamine in the hybrid, a novel compound, butanenitrile, 2-(methoxymethoxy), which was not found in the parental strains. These compounds are likely responsible for the enhanced antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.

Effect of Cold Exposure on the Biofoam Produced from Different Types of Oyster Mushroom

Mycelium-based biofoam is a sustainable material derived from the growth of fungal mycelium on lignocellulosic agricultural waste substrate, as it has potential use in a variety of applications. The main objective of this research is to advance the sustainable alternatives for various application by investigating the mycelium growth of the biofoam produced from Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus sajor-caju on rice husk substrate, in improving the properties of the biofoam through innovative cold exposure. This study showed P. florida can produce mycelium biofoam at a faster rate, 7.022mm/day compared to P. sajor-caju 6.08mm/day). By cold exposure at 0°C and 10°C for 3 hours, every 2 days and 5 days, respectively until the mycelium are fully grown in the substrate, sample exposed to the latter condition for P. florida exhibits a faster growth rate at 7.3037 mm/day. However, cold exposure on biofoam produced from P sajor-caju had not improved the mycelium growth rate. Cold exposure samples at 0°C every 5 days and 10°C every 2 days have demonstrated capability in water (103.51%) and oil absorption (143.23%), proving their effectiveness in absorbing pollutants for the purpose of environmental remediation. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydrophilic and oleophilic characteristics in the biofoam, indicating its capability to absorb water and oil. By subjecting biofoam to cold exposure, its properties can be altered, broadening its potential applications.

Mycelial growth, yield and decomposition capability of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) grown in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic and lignocellulosic wastes

White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus florida) is one of the domesticated mushrooms in the Philippines and known to grow in various biodegradable wastes. Low Density Polyethelene (LDPE) plastic is one of the most common non-biodegradable wastes in the environment which causes pollution. At present, biodegradation process is one of the ways to degrade plastics because of its non-polluting mechanism and cost-effectiveness. Thus, this study aimed to determine if P. florida could grow in LDPE plastic and facilitate its decomposition. Fourteen treatments were used in the study, laid out in Complete Randomized Design, and replicated thrice. The first four (4) treatments were composed of substrates with no LDPE plastics (rice straw, sawdust and cocopeat) while the rests were substrates with certain percentage of LDPE plastics. Observation was done for eight (8) weeks in the PUP Lopez Mushroom Laboratory and the data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA. Result shows that slight decomposition happened in LDPE plastic mixed with lingo-cellulosic wastes. Small spots or dark holes appear in the surface of LDPE plastics observed under microscope which is a sign of decomposition. In terms of mycelial ramification, fruiting bags with LDPE plastics were first to occupy the fruiting bag. There was also a decreased weight of the fruiting bags after 8 weeks. In terms of yield, substrates without LDPE plastics grew mushrooms with the highest weight. However, yield in sawdust and cocopeat substrates were not significantly different with the yield of mushrooms grown in substrates with LDPE plastics.

Laccase mediated transformation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics: Analyzing degradation pathways and assessing algal toxicity

Improper waste disposal or inadequate wastewater treatment can result in pharmaceuticals reaching water bodies, posing environmental hazards. In this study, crude extracts containing the laccase enzyme from Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus eryngii, and Pleurotus sajor caju were used to degrade the fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) levofloxacin (LEV), norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ofloxacin (OFL), and enrofloxacin (ENR) in aqueous solutions. The results for the fungi derived laccase extracts were compared with those obtained using commercially sourced laccase. Proteomics analysis of the crude extracts confirmed the presence of laccase enzyme across all three tested species, with proteins matching those found in Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus. In vivo studies were conducted using species pure lines of fungal whole cells. The highest degradation efficiency observed was 77.7% for LEV in the presence of P. sajor caju after 25 days of treatment. Degradation efficiencies ranged from approximately 60-72% for P. florida, 45–76% for P. eryngii, and 47–78% for P. sajor caju. A series of in vitro experiments were also conducted using crude extracts from the three species and outcomes compared with those obtained when commercial laccase was used confirmed laccase as the enzyme responsible for antibiotic removal. The degradation efficiencies in vitro surpassed those measured in vivo, ranging from approximately 91-98% for commercial laccase, 77–92% for P. florida, 76–92% for P. eryngii, and 78–88% for P. sajor caju. Liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified the degradation products, indicating a consistent enzymatic degradation pathway targeting the piperazine moiety common to all tested FQs, irrespective of the initial antibiotic structure. Phytoplankton toxicity studies with Dunaliella tertiolecta were performed to aid in understanding the impact of emerging contaminants on ecosystems, and by-products were analysed for ecotoxicity to assess treatment efficacy. Laccase-mediated enzymatic oxidation shows promising results in reducing algal toxicity, notably with Pleurotus eryngii extract achieving a 97.7% decrease for CIP and a 90% decrease for LEV. These findings suggest the potential of these naturally sourced extracts in mitigating antibiotic contamination in aquatic ecosystems.

Growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on different agricultural waste

Growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on different agricultural waste

Comparative study of different grains for spawn production of pleurotus florida

Comparative study of different grains for spawn production of pleurotus florida

Pretreatment and saccharification of corn cobs using partially purified fungal ligninozymes

AbstractCorn cobs consist primarily of a lignocellulosic material comprising hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in a crystalline state, which is resistant to microbial saccharification. Bioethanol production from corn cobs has rarely been attempted, especially using chemical pretreatment methods.The present study deals with the production and purification of fungal (Phanerochaete chrysosporium MTCC 787 and Pleurotus florida PAU 22‐01) extracellular ligninolytic enzymes – lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and laccase (Lac) – followed by their utilization for the biological pretreatment of corn cobs along with saccharification using commercial cellulase. Crude LiP, MnP, and Lac demonstrated specific activity of 2.23, 2.1, and 2.63 U/mg, respectively.The one‐step purification of crude enzyme using diethyl amino ethyl (DEAE) cellulose ion exchange chromatography resulted in 11.3, 10.1 and 8.62‐fold purification of LiP, MnP and Lac activity, respectively, with corresponding specific activity of 25.1 U/mg (LiP), 21.2 U/mg (MnP) and 22.7 U/mg (Lac) in the partially purified ligninozymes. Using the latter, biological pretreatment of 2.5 g corn cobs in a reaction volume of 30 mL containing approximately 200 units of Lac, Lip and MnP enzymes (in phosphate buffer, pH 6) resulted in a maximum of 78.4% delignification with a saccharification efficiency of 97.1% using commercial cellulases.

Effect of oil contaminants on antioxidant responses and antioxidant properties of Pleurotus florida (P. Kumm)

ABSTRACT This research investigated the antioxidant responses of Pleurotus florida at different concentrations of gas oil [0% (control), 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (v:v)] for 30 days. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes decreased in responses to the gas oil presence by an average of 83% and 49%, respectively. In contrast, the activities of the ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes displayed an upward trend in the groups cultured in oil-contaminated media. The gas oil contaminant increased total phenol and flavonoid accumulation, reflecting the variation in secondary metabolism. According to the 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, the 2.5% gas oil treatment resulted in the highest antioxidant activity (48 μg mL−1). The highest scavenging activity of nitric oxide radicals (IC50 = 272 μg mL−1) was observed in the treatment with the highest gas oil concentration (10%). Also, this treatment showed an excellent ability to chelate Fe+2 ions (IC50 = 205 μg mL−1). The IC50 values of methanolic extract for nitric oxide scavenging activity and metal chelating ability were significantly reduced by increasing gas oil concentration in the treatments. With increasing the gas oil concentration, malondialdehyde content as a criterion measure of lipid peroxidation level showed significant reduction. These results show that P. florida is resistant to and a compatible mushroom with oil pollutants. Also, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle detoxify nitric oxide radicals and products of reactive oxygen species–induced lipid peroxidation in the gas oil treatments.

Enhancing the Thermal and Energy Performance of Clay Bricks with Recycled Cultivated Pleurotus florida Waste

The development of energy-efficient and sustainable building materials is imperative to reduce energy consumption in the construction sector. This study addresses both the applied problem of increased solar heat gain and decreased indoor thermal comfort, as well as the scientific problem of reducing the thermal conductivity of clay bricks. It investigates the incorporation of recycled spent mushroom materials, consisting of Pleurotus florida mycelia and rice husk waste, as a novel additive in the production of fired clay bricks (FCBs) to enhance thermal insulation properties. The developed bricks were utilized in an optimized wall design for a residential building in New Cairo, Egypt. The wall design is created using energy modeling software, including Honeybee, Ladybug, Climate Studio, and Galapagos. The results demonstrate that an optimal waste content of 15% and a firing temperature of 900 °C yield the best thermal performance. Compared to traditional FCB walls, the new design incorporating the florida waste additive significantly improves thermal comfort, as indicated by a lower predicted mean vote and predicted percentage of dissatisfaction. Furthermore, the developed walls contribute to a reduction in CO2 emissions of 6% and a decrease in total energy consumption of 38.8%. The incorporation of recycled florida waste offers a sustainable approach to enhancing standard brick fabrication processes. This work highlights the promise of agricultural waste valuation for the development of eco-friendly and energy-efficient building materials. Future research should explore the mechanical strength, acoustics, cost–benefit analysis, and field implementation of the developed walls, thereby addressing both the scientific and applied aspects of the problem.

A study on cultivation and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on paddy straw mixed with bamboo waste in different ratios and their nutrient evaluation

A study on cultivation and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on paddy straw mixed with bamboo waste in different ratios and their nutrient evaluation

Bioremediation of domestic water polluted by benzene of waste motor oil with crude extract of Pleurotus Florida and mineral solution

In Mexico and in the world, a problem of contamination in domestic water is due to petroleum derivatives such as waste motor oil (WMO), whose chemical composition is aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. An ecological solution is to biostimulation with extracellular enzimes of Pleurotus florida and mineral solution to eliminate both by the aerobic native heterotrophic microbiota. The objective of this research was to analyze the bioremediation of domestic water polluted by benzene of WMO with an extract of P. florida and mineral solution. In that sense, P. florida was grown in straw with lignin content, that induces enzymes to hydrolyze benzene for 5 days, for obtaining crude extract of P. florida (ePf). This ePf used for the biostimulation of domestic water polluted by benzene from WMO and a mineral solution: to oxidate the benzene that was measured by CO2 generated from its mineralization and mass-coupled gas chromatography to demonstrate its elimination. The results indicate that in biostimulation of domestic water polluted by benzene from WMO with ePf, caused its hydrolysis followed by the mineral solution that eliminated it. Compared to domestic water polluted by benzene from WMO non biostimulated by ePf neither mineral solution where benzene did not disappear. This data supports biostimulation domestic water polluted by benzene from WMO with ePf and mineral solution for its rapid reutilization.

Purification, kinetic characterization of thermostable multicopper oxidase from the oyster mushroom and its versatility for greener agro-pulp bio bleaching in the paper industry.

Production of a thermostable laccase from Pleurotus florida was reported for the first time, both in submerged and solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial residues. This enzyme was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation (60-90%), Sephadex G-100 and DEAE column ion exchange chromatography, respectively. The laccase was purified to 21.49 fold with an apparent molecular weight of 66 kDa and had an optimal pH of 5 with temperature stability at 60°C. Metal ions such as Cu2+ (91.26 µmole/mL/min), Mg2+ (68.15 µmole/mL/min), and Fe2+ (1.73 µmole/mL/min) enhanced the laccase activity, but Fe2+ (1.73µmole/mL/min) inhibited the enzyme activity. The purified laccase had Km and Vmax of 16.68 mM and 26.73 µmole/mL/min for guaiacol as a substrate. The isolated enzyme was characterized by FT-IR which revealed bands at 3655.0 cm-1, 2894.7 cm-1, and 1151.7 cm-1 corresponding to primary amines, C-H stretch, and amide -III, respectively. The enzymatic bio bleaching of paddy straw pulp was found to be most effective which resulted in a lowering of kappa number and yellowness by 19.47% & 17.84% whereas an increase in brightness and whiteness by 41.92%. & -19.61%. Thus, this might be stated that the crude laccase from P. florida can be exploited to reduce the toxic waste load for managing environmental pollution and helps in enhancing the yield and quality of the paper.

Mycoremediation Potential of Pleurotus florida (Oyster Mushroom) Mycelia to Treat Microplastic Contaminated Paddy Soil

The study investigates the potential of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) to treat the microplastic-contaminated paddy soil. Three treatment groups, MP800, MP400, and MP200, were set into different concentrations of spawn and substrate to microplastic polluted soils, specifically in ratios of 4:1, 2:1, and 1:1 respectively. A total of seventeen microplastics with different size groups namely large (5 mm to 3 mm), medium (2.99 mm to 1 mm), and small (0.99 to 0.1 mm) were incorporated in each treatment set-up. The specific number of microplastics for each treatment set-up was four large MPs, five medium MPs, and eight small MPs. After the remediation process, the microplastic counts stayed the same, while the sizes increased slightly and decreased in average size. In terms of weight, only MP800 was seen as significant, with a t-value of 7.496, while other concentrations were shown to have slight differences in average weight. In MP800, the large and medium microplastics have noticeably large scars corresponding to the weight change. MP400 showed minimal scarring through large and medium, while MP200 showed in medium size. The visible scarring and tear in the treated microplastics can be correlated with the effects of mushroom enzymes on degrading the plastics. Using different amounts of substrate-to-soil ratio has no significant difference in the results of the effectivity of P. florida in the degradation of microplastics in terms of size and count. However, slight changes in the weight and abundance of holes and cracks in the surface of microplastics were more frequent in MP800 and MP400.

Exploring the Potential of Spent Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) Substrate to Cultivate Pleurotus florida with Enhanced Productivity, Nutritional Profile, and Therapeutic Potential.

Every year, several mushroom farms create a significant volume of discarded mushroom substrate. To make use of spent mushroom substrate, Pleurotus florida was grown on wheat straw that had been supplemented in varying amounts with one year old spent substrate of Pleurotus eryngii, wheat bran, and CaCo3. Physico-chemical parameters of the substrates (pH, C, and N) were higher prior to cultivation and reduced following cultivation except electrical conductivity, that displayed the opposite trend. The wheat straw used as the control showed the highest yield, approximate composition, myco-chemicals, and antioxidant activity of P. florida sporophores. According to the data, the optimal ratio for P florida production following control, was for a combination of P. eryngii spent substrate (PESS) + wheat straw + wheat bran + CaCO3 (50:40:9.5:0.5). The results imply that adding a suitable quantity of wheat straw, wheat bran and CaCo3 to discarded mushroom substrate can enable its reuse, offering a practical method for preserving the environment, cutting expenses, and producing high-quality mushrooms.

Protective role of Pleurotus florida against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats: A preclinical study

Pleurotus florida (Mont.) Singer is a mushroom species known to be an antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and diuretic agent, reducing blood pressure and cholesterol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo potency of P. florida's anti-diabetic properties in rats affected by hyperglycemia induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) at 55 mg/kg (i.p.), characterized by oxidative stress impairment, and changes in insulin levels and lipid profile. After inducing hyperglycemia in the rats, they were treated with P. florida acetone and methanol extracts, orally administered for 28 days at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight. The hyperglycemic control (DC) group showed significant increases (P < 0.05) in mean blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, lipid hydroperoxides, and malondialdehyde, compared to the normal control (NC) group The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum insulin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione disulfide, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, guaiacol peroxidase, and vitamin E and C levels showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in DC group, compared to the NC group. Blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and insulin levels improved significantly after 28 days of treatment, in the group treated with glibenclamide (an oral hypoglycemic drug, used as positive control), and in the groups treated with P. florida extracts. In DC group, the treatment with P. florida was found to prevent diabetes, according to histopathological studies of the kidneys, pancreas, and liver of rats. In conclusion, this study has shown that the treatment with P. florida decreased oxidative stress and glucose levels in the blood, as well as restoring changes in lipid profiles.

Production of silica nanoparticles from rice husk and rice straw by fungal-mediated biotransformation using Pleurotus florida

Production of silica nanoparticles from rice husk and rice straw by fungal-mediated biotransformation using Pleurotus florida

Utilization of Wastes Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) Substrates in the Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom: Modern View and Trends

Lemon grass wastes are abundant in both rural and urban areas and when carelessly disposed off to the environment by dumping or burning, they lead to environmental pollution, and consequently to health hazards. Growing of edible mushroom on these wastes can contribute to decrease in environment pollution. The aim of this study was conducted to compare the wastes lemon grass (cymbopogon citratus) substrates in the cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju and Pleurotus florida. Six substrate, namely, Trt1 (oil extracted lemongrass), Trt 2 (oil extracted lemon grass 40% + wheat straw 30%+ paddy straw 30%), Trt3 (oil extracted lemongrass 70% + wheat straw 30%), Trt4 (oil extracted lemon grass 50% + wheat straw 50%), Trt5 (oil extracted lemongrass 70% + paddy straw 30%) and Trt6 (oil extracted lemongrass 50% +paddy straw 50%) in the cultivation of PSC and PF. The results indicated that different substrate formulas gave a significant difference in complete full spawn run and days to pinhead formation were faster in Trt2 (15.5 and 13.70 days) and ( 18.40 and 17.40 days respectively) while Trt1 recorded the longest days (23.64 and 22.37) and (27.00 and 25.64 respectively) in PF and PSC. Number of fruiting bodies, fresh and dry weights of the mushroom was significantly higher in Trt2 than in the other substrates. The least number of fruiting bodies, fresh and dry weights were recorded in Trt1 of PF and PSC. The treatment Trt2 showed all over best result produce 884.37g.and 856.33g in PSC and PF. but as far as lemon grass (Trt1) alone and its combined effect all other treatments. Combination of lemon grass with wheat straw + paddy straw also showed significant produce while, using oil extracted lemongrass 100% does not show better results.

Inclusion of the fungus Pleurotus florida in the diet affects performance and feed efficiency traits in calves: a case study on Ravi buffalo.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of inclusion of Pleurotus florida treated wheat straw in the total mixed rations (TMRs) on feed intake, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention in male buffalo calves. As a pilot study, four TMRs, i.e., TMR1 having 0% P. florida treated wheat straw (FTWS), TMR2 (20% FTWS), TMR3 (40% FTWS), and TMR4 (60% FTWS) with berseem hay as basal diet, were formulated. Sixteen Nili-Ravi male buffalo calves (aged 10-12 months, weighing 73 ± 2.50 kg) were divided into four equal groups and randomly assigned one of four TMRs. A significant increase (P < 0.05) was observed in all nutrients intake, their digestibility, weight gain, and nitrogen retention with TMRs incorporated with FTWS. Highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 2.63 was noted with TMR1-0% and the lowest FCR (1.80) with TMR4-60%, on the other hand. In conclusion, the TMR4 (60% FTWS) has the potential to increase the weight gain, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and feed efficiency in buffalo calves. Therefore, inclusion of 60% Pleurotus florida treated wheat straw is recommended as TMRs with berseem hay based basal diet for feeding buffaloes calves.