Behavior Of Players Research Articles

Excessive Use of the Preferred Foot in on-The-Ball Skills Execution Compromises Performance and Tactical Behaviour of Football Players

This study aimed to compare tactical behaviour and performance of football players with different on-the-ball skills execution functional technical asymmetry levels and to verify whether functional technical and tactical performance indexes of football players are associated. The sample included 59 football players (14.2 ± 1.5 years of age). FUT-SAT and SAFALL-FOOT were used as instruments for performance analysis. Participants were divided in two groups: higher and lower functional technical asymmetry. Student’s t-test was used to compare the behaviour and tactical performance of the groups, and the Pearson test was used to verify associations between functional technical asymmetry and tactical performance indexes. A significance level of 5% was adopted. The higher functional technical asymmetry group showed less tactical efficiency (t57 = 1.9; p = .05; d = .17) and low performance results in the execution of defensive actions (t57 = 2.1; p = .04; d = .55; t57 = 2.1; p = .04; d = .61) compared to the lower functional technical asymmetry group. No association was found between the functional technical asymmetry and tactical performance indexes (r = -.06; p = .66). It is concluded that the levels of functional technical asymmetry affected the behaviour and tactical performance of players although functional technical asymmetry and tactical performance indexes values are not associated. Future investigations may verify how football players with high and low levels of functional technical asymmetry change their behaviour and tactical performance from different kinds of training.

Trends in the Global and Ukrainian Markets of Cosmetics Products

The article aims at disclosing and summarizing the current trends in the development of cosmetics products markets, determining their volumes, dynamics and potential; analyzing the impact of global market conditions on the reactions of domestic players to crisis conditions. The research is relevant due to the peculiarities of the current conditions of development of the Ukrainian cosmetics products market. It is currently undergoing transformation due to government regulation affecting one of the largest market players. This opens up opportunities for small businesses, local and international investors to further develop, strengthen their market presence and attract additional investment. The methodological basis of this study is formed by general scientific methods, the complex combination and use of which made it possible to obtain important practical results. The cosmetics products markets, analyzed in the article, are defined as sustainable, stable-growing, and adaptive toward crisis occurrences. Overall, the industry that has undergone a transformation towards self-care, health and naturalness under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, accelerating the development of omnichannelness and innovations. Technological advances are crucial, influencing product development, customer interaction, marketing, etc. In particular, the development of e-commerce in the cosmetics products market is changing the way consumers think about the way they shop, facilitating the prior experience of finding the right product and providing the basis for more informed, yet faster, purchasing decisions. These facts are underlined by numerous statistical studies that support forecasts of the sustainability of development of e-commerce in this market in the future. In such circumstances, analyzing global trends in the cosmetics products industry helps to understand the dynamics of the local market and the behavior of players during crises. It is vital for local market players to adapt to global market rules and formulate effective strategies. It is summarized that, in addition to the generally recognized shifts in the cosmetics products market, such as the post-pandemic and the growth of e-commerce, it is important to consider trends that influence consumer choice and purchases, such as the need to personalize the consumer experience, the growth of the face and body care segment, the propensity to consume organic products, and the requirements for sustainable business development.

The effect of types of fights on the aggressive behavior of deviant karate players

The effect of types of fights on the aggressive behavior of deviant karate players

Expertise, gender, and equilibrium play

Mixed‐strategy Nash equilibrium is the cornerstone of our understanding of strategic situations that require decision makers to be unpredictable. Using data from nearly half a million serves over 3000 tennis matches, and data on player rankings from the ATP and WTA, we examine whether the behavior of professional tennis players is consistent with equilibrium. We find that win rates conform remarkably closely to the theory for men, but conform somewhat less neatly for women. We show that the behavior in the field of more highly ranked (i.e., better) players conforms more closely to theory. We show that the statistical tests used in the prior related literature are not valid for large samples like ours; we develop a novel statistical test that is valid and show, via Monte Carlo simulations, that it is more powerful against the alternative that receivers follows a nonequilibrium mixture.

A survey on the behavior of Indonesian football players using smartwatch

The development of wearable technology opens the potential for its use in various sectors, one of which is the use of smartwatches in the sports sector. This paper examines soccer players' behavior's impact on using smartwatches as a training monitoring tool. This study uses a quantitative approach involving as many as 128 soccer players to complete a research questionnaire with face to face (offline). SEM-PLS is used as an analytical method to test the proposed inferential model. As a result, research shows that social influences, relative advantages, and enjoyment impact the use of smartwatches during training and daily use by soccer players.

Enhanced Parallelized DNA-Coded Stream Cipher Based on Multiplayer Prisoners’ Dilemma

Data encryption is essential in securing exchanged data between connected parties. Encryption is the process of transforming readable text into scrambled, unreadable text using secure keys. Stream ciphers are one type of an encryption algorithm that relies on only one key for decryption and as well as encryption. Many existing encryption algorithms are developed based on either a mathematical foundation or on other biological, social or physical behaviours. One technique is to utilise the behavioural aspects of game theory in a stream cipher. In this paper, we introduce an enhanced Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-coded stream cipher based on an iterated <i>n</i>-player prisoner’s dilemma paradigm. Our main goal is to contribute to adding more layers of randomness to the behaviour of the keystream generation process; these layers are inspired by the behaviour of multiple players playing a prisoner’s dilemma game. We implement parallelism to compensate for the additional processing time that may result from adding these extra layers of randomness. The results show that our enhanced design passes the statistical tests and achieves an encryption throughput of about 1,877 Mbit/s, which makes it a feasible secure stream cipher.

Conservatism, mobility, isolation: Approach to the study of agents’ behavior in the public procurement market

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the application of the authors’ approach and methodology based on a combination of machine learning technologies and the construction of directed graphs with their subsequent clustering for a systematic study of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the public procurement market and the behavior of agents in this market. As a result of the study, regional and sectoral factors influencing the relationship between agents of the public procurement market were identified. Such factors were not previously identified, and were determined only thanks to the combination of machine learning technologies and the theory of networks and graphs proposed by the authors. Another result of the study-the models of relationships in public procurement market are systematized in the authors’ interpretation, integrating the macroeconomic situation in the market and the marketing strategies of market players. Such stable patterns of behavior of agents of the public procurement market as &amp;quot;isolation&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;conservatism&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;mobility&amp;quot; were identified, and it was substantiated that the isolated or conservative behavior of market players increases the likelihood of corrupt conspiracies. All of the above was not systematically studied before. So, it has scientific novelty and high practical significance. The research contributed to the increment of scientific knowledge in application of the theory of networks and graphs, in problems of state regulation of the economy, counteraction to the monopolization of markets and encouraging competition. The practical results of the work are related to the generation of recommendations to the Russian authorities, regulators of the public procurement market and bidders on the choice of effective market behavior strategies.

Effects of free play or artificial rules on young soccer players' individual tactical behaviour: a one-by-one analysis.

This study assessed the effects of playing freely and introducing artificial rules on individual tactical behaviour during the team-possession game phase in two youth soccer categories. Thirty-two developmental players from U-14 and U-16 teams participated in the study, which consisted of four identical training sessions and two test sessions performed before and after the intervention. Each team was divided into two balanced groups, free-play and conditioned, that faced each other during three eight-a-side games (Gk + 7 vs 7 + Gk) in all training sessions. The free-play groups played freely, while the conditioned ones did so constrained by artificial rules. Individual tactical behaviour was assessed during a non-constrained eight-a-side match by the distance to centroid, spatial exploration index, their entropy measures, and the regularity of each player's displacement on the length and width of the pitch using a local positioning system. In addition to the average outcomes of all the players all together, the one-by-one analysis considered the mean values of each player to appraise individual responses. While the average outcomes of all the players in both groups and categories barely changed (Cohen's d ≤ small), with a very high inter-player variability, the one-by-one analysis revealed that the training intervention affected each player's tactical behaviour differently. Introducing artificial rules decreased and raised considerably (Cohen's d ≥ moderate) in-width and exploratory regularities of most U-14 and U-16 players, respectively. Therefore, assessing the training effects of game-based interventions from the individual to the whole team may provide unique and meaningful insight regarding the tactical competence of each player.

ADAPTABLE ADVERSARY BEHAVIOUR FOR GAME OF TAG BASED ON PLAYER BEHAVIOUR USING MACHINE LEARNING

Adversaries in video games would seldom be created to rely on predefined behaviour trees to respond to various player behaviours and fulfil simple goals in order to deliver an experience designed by the video game developer. While this is adequate for most games, immersion and the intended experience of the video game would be compromised when the adversary is faced with unexpected player behaviour, which would usually end up confusing the adversary’s artificial intelligence (AI). This occurrence is known as a “sequence break”, which is an event that occurs when the behaviour tree is poorly designed and contains known exploits that could either significantly reduce the difficulty of dealing with the adversaries or allow the player to bypass them entirely. Allowing adversaries to adapt to player behaviour as the game progresses using adversarial reinforcement learning would provide a dynamically evolving experience in which the user would be continuously challenged depending on their cleverness, forcing them to play the game as intended without the use of exploits. Inadequate adversarial AI in video games can make a game more boring or frustrating depending on the set difficulty level determined by the game developer. In this study, past and current implementations of AI in video games are explored, including the unique innovations which can be found throughout the video game industry regarding video game AI adversaries.Keywords: artificial intelligence, adversarial reinforcement learning, video games, behaviour tree

Investigation of the Relationship between Sports Commitment and Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors of Female Volleyball Players

Investigation of the Relationship between Sports Commitment and Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors of Female Volleyball Players

Возможность и целесообразность маркетинговой вариативности в условиях дефицитного рынка (кейс рынка цельнокатанных колес-957)

The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the limits of the permissibility of business behavior of companies in the conditions of economic turbulence that has developed under the influence of various macro and microfactors. The disruption of logistics chains against the background of the first sanctions restrictions, the introduction of protective duties, a comprehensive system of state support for the industry (the “trade-in” program for changing the car fleet) led to new structural and behavioral models of the functioning of markets, which required understanding and selection of an adequate policy of state regulation. The purpose of the study is to consider the strategy of behavior of the dominant player with a pronounced differentiation in pricing policy in relation to different counterparties in a scarce market on the example of an antimonopoly case against a dominant economic entity in the market of solid-rolled wheels with a diameter of 957 mm within the borders of the Russian Federation (2018–2019). The objectives of the study are to consider how the implementation of three important elements of the company’s marketing strategies – price formation, market segmentation based on the Buchanan product concept and the selection of counterparties, as well as methods and technologies of discount policy in conditions of unsatisfied demand, can affect the functioning of a scarce market and affect price growth for two years. In the context of this study, the transformation of the mechanism of price discrimination in scarce markets is presented. It is noted that the behavior of the dominant entity regarding the establishment of a monopolistically high price in a scarce market looks economically unconditioned, the establishment of a differentiated final price for the sale of goods to various buyers at a level higher than the prices of the period preceding the shortage indicates price discrimination of the first and second degree. The analysis of various types of discounts shows that sales promotion is not a necessary marketing tool, as it reduces the monopoly profit of the seller and does not contain motivation for the formation of competitive initiations. The main gain of the consumer is not the volume of potential discounts, but the speed of searching for goods, contracting on any terms, the promptness of concluding transactions and obtaining maximum financial gain in conditions of uncertainty.

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC STUDY OF PREFRONTAL CORTEX AMONG YOUTH ATHLETES HAS GIVEN THEIR TEMPERAMENT

The problem of studies is the determination of hypothetical predictors for personality traits among five generalized EEG rhythms in the prefrontal cortex of youth soccer players. The goal of study was to explore the relationship between the oscillations of EEG rhythms in the prefrontal cortex and the personality traits of undergraduates of Sports University . The EEG was recorded using a wireless system with dry non-contact frontal sensor electrodes. The power spectrum was analyzed in five frequency bands (1-50 Hz). Personality traits determination was performed using Eysenck's personality questionnaire. A pair linear regression model, the Spearman's rank correlation and Kruskal - Wallis tests were used for analysis. The research revealed dominance of the extraversive peculiarity of the nervous system over introversive, which is likely due to preference for students, as groups as team interactions rather than individual behavioral strategies. Additionally, the findings of the study determined two slow EEG rhythms as predictors of personality traits among extraverts. It was found that delta rhythm is a correlate of extraversion, and theta rhythm is neuroticism with inversely proportional relationships. These EEG patterns of the prefrontal cortex are related to the features of behavior of youth soccer players of the extraversive type, which is caused by their temperament.

My neighbor Gaz and other lvivians, or Nicknames of football players of the Lviv team “Karpaty”

Background. The nicknames of players of football teams make a separate group of Ukrainian football onomastics. These unofficial anthroponyms were not the object of a thorough analysis, although labeling football players with nicknames is a feature of football discourse.Сontribution to the research field. The present study raises the possibility that nicknames of Ukrainian football players, like other unofficial anthroponyms, were formed on the basis of the transformation of players’ surnames and names, as well as metaphorically.Purpose. To find out the origin and methods of creating unofficial anthroponyms of football players who played for the Lviv team “Karpaty”.Methods. The main methods of research include discursive analysis and description of actual material, obtained thanks to sociolinguistic methods of questionnaires and interviews of football players, football specialists, journalists and fans. Additionally, the method of quantitative calculations is involved.Results. Among the nicknames of the football players of Lviv “Karpaty” who played for this team in different years, the largest group is unofficial anthroponyms, based on surnames that have undergone a variety of transformations, primarily reductions of the creative base, as well as by adding diminutive suffixes to the reduced creative base. Less often they use diminutive forms of football players’ names as nicknames. Unofficial personal names formed from the patronymics of the players are very rare. Often nicknames of football players, which appeared as a result of the reduction of players’ surnames or the creation of diminutive forms of their names, are associated with Russian lexemes, thus indicating the influence of outside colonial and post-colonial naming trends on the formation of the unofficial Ukrainian football anthroponymicon. Many nicknames were formed metaphorically, when the basis of the transfer of signs by similarity was either the external features of the “Karpaty” players, or the specifics of the character, behaviour of football players, their extra-football interests, or a combination of internal and external characteristics at the same time.Discussion. Two main ways of creating nicknames for Lviv “Karpaty” football players prevail – the transformation of players’ surnames and names, and the appearance of unofficial anthroponyms based on metaphor. The perspective of further studies of the nicknames of Ukrainian football players is seen in recording and describing a complete corpus of unofficial anthroponyms of players of various football teams throughout the entire period of football development in Ukraine and in identifying the main trends of unofficial naming in the sphere of football.

The Effect of Health Education on The Behavior of Early Handling of Injuries With The Rice Method In Futsal Players

Futsal game is one type of sport with physical activityand high risk of injury. Accuracy in providing first aid is influenced by the helper's behavior. Help optimal and appropriate can reduce the worsening of the injured area. The purpose of the research This objective is to determine the effect of health education on early injury management behavior using the RICE method for futsal players. The research design used was the Pre Experiment with the One-Group Pre-post Test Design approach. The population of this study is all futsal players in Selorejo Village, Ngunut District, Tulungagung Regency, totaling 33 people. The research sample was all futsal players in Selorejo Village, Ngunut District, Tulungagung Regency, totaling 33 respondents. Research instrument form questionnaire sheet. Data processing in the form of editing, coding, scoring, tabulating, and data analysis using the Wilcoxon non-parametric testtest with the SPSS program. The results of this study indicate that the behavior of handling injuries before being given health education who have good behavior amounted to 7 respondents (21%). While the behavior of handling injuries after being given health education, most of them had good behavior with a total of 16 respondents (49%). Statistical test results obtainedρ value 0.003 with α 0.05. This study proves that there is an effect of health education on early injury handling behavior with the RICE method for futsal players in Selorejo Village, Ngunut District, Tulungagung Regency. Therefore, providing health education for early treatment of injuries using the RICE method is an alternative solution that can be applied in providing health education to futsal players because it is proven to be able to improve the behavior of futsal players in treating early injuries.

Research on Low-Carbon Energy Sharing through the Alliance of Integrated Energy Systems with Multiple Uncertainties

It is of great significance to introduce the conception of a sharing economy into the electricity industry, which can promote the dispatch of multiple integrated energy systems. On the one hand, it is difficult to reveal the behaviors of complex players with multi-energy coupling through the traditional centralized optimization method of single electric energy. On the other hand, the uncertain fluctuations of renewable energy, such as wind power and photovoltaic, have posed great challenges to market transactions. First, the relationship and the functions of all stakeholders in the system are described in this paper, followed by the establishment of flexible resource models such as demand response and energy storage devices. On this basis, a low-carbon dispatching framework of multiple regional gas–electric integrated energy systems is then constructed under the guidance of cooperative game theory. The contribution indexes are established to measure the degree of energy sharing among the subsystems, and the method of asymmetric Nash bargaining is used to settle the interests of each subsystem. Second, a robust optimization model of multiple regional systems is established in response to multiple uncertainties from renewable energy and load. Finally, the numerical example proves that the proposed mechanism can increase the benefits of each integrated energy system player. Moreover, it helps the system to yield optimal benefits in the face of uncertainties and provides a reference on how to realize energy sharing under uncertainties from source load.

Social networks for enhanced player churn prediction in mobile free-to-play games

Social networks have been shown to enhance player experience in online games and to be important for the players, who often build complex communities. In online and mobile games, the behavior of players is bursty as they tend to play intensively at first for a short time and then quit playing altogether. Such players are known as churners. In the literature, several attempts have been made at predicting player churn in online and mobile games using behavioral features from the games’ player logs as input in supervised machine learning models. Previous research shows that information from social networks provides alternative and significant information when predicting churn, and yet the importance of networks has not been fully researched in mobile gaming. In this research, we study player churn in a mobile free-to-play game with one-versus-one matches. We build two types of networks based on how two players are matched. We train churn prediction models with features extracted from the networks to evaluate their predictive performance in terms of churn. Furthermore, we predict churn using the players’ behavioral features during their first day of game playing. According to our results, the network features greatly increase the predictive performance of the models, indicating that they carry alternative information about intention to churn. In addition, the first-day features are quite predictive, which means that first day activity is sufficient to predict churn of players quite accurately, validating the bursty behavior. Our research gives an indication of which aspects of game playing are associated with churn and allow us to study influence and social factors in mobile games.

Laplace-Based 3D Human Mesh Sequence Compression

Three-dimensional (3D) human mesh sequences obtained by 3D scanning equipment are often used in film and television, games, the internet, and other industries. However, due to the dense point cloud data obtained by 3D scanning equipment, the data of a single frame of a 3D human model is always large. Considering the different topologies of models between different frames, and even the interaction between the human body and other objects, the content of 3D models between different frames is also complex. Therefore, the traditional 3D model compression method always cannot handle the compression of the 3D human mesh sequence. To address this problem, we propose a sequence compression method of 3D human mesh sequence based on the Laplace operator, and test it on the complex interactive behavior of a soccer player bouncing the ball. This method first detects the mesh separation degree of the interactive object and human body, and then divides the sequence into a series of fragments based on the consistency of separation degrees. In each fragment, we employ a deformation algorithm to map keyframe topology to other frames, to improve the compression ratio of the sequence. Our work can be used for the storage of mesh sequences and mobile applications by providing an approach for data compression.

Blockchain analysis of the Bitcoin market. (Part 3)

The detailed analysis of the Bitcoin network and its main participants. The expert authors (Igor Makarov, London School of Economics, Antoinette Schoar, MIT Sloan School of Management) completed the study authorized by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), the US-based private agency. The Bitcoin network is defined as a new database comprising many of public and proprietary sources to link bitcoin address to real object, and an extensive set of algorithms to extract information on market key players behavior. Three major pieces of analysis of the Bitcoin eco-system were conducted. First, the authors analyze the transaction volume and network structure of the main participants on the blockchain. Second, they document the concentration and regional composition of the miners which are the backbone of the verification protocol and ensure the integrity of the blockchain ledger. Finally, they analyze the ownership concentration of the largest holders of Bitcoin. The researchers found that 1/3 of all bitcoins issued were owned by 10,000 individual investors. They conclude that the high concentration makes the first cryptocurrency market vulnerable to hypothetical hacker attack. The translator notes that paraphrasing English text in Russian was rather challenging due to the newness of the financial agenda and introduction of the term entity extensively used in the Western countries though new to Russia. Nevertheless, it is necessary to introduce readers to the bitcoin technology which will be also practical and useful for the library and information community.

Drivers for making in-app purchases in mobile games by users in emerging countries

The mobile games industry has become one of the most popular areas of mobile application development over the past five years. In-app purchases (IAP) are extremely valuable for developers/publishers, and they are interested in promoting them to users. However, previous research revealed differences between drivers of IAP for users from various countries. Authors compare drivers of Russian players and other emerging countries users. The design of the study consists of in-depth interviews with Russian users, followed by a quantitative survey that helps to identify the main drivers of in-app purchases. We found differences in the significance and the list of the drivers for Russian players. Cluster analysis allowed us to identify diverse segments with different priorities, so to be successful, game developers should dive into the peculiarities of the behavior of players in a particular country.

Evolutionary Stability and Evolution of Misperceptions in Conflict

We find Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS) and Evolutionary Stable Preference (ESP) in conflict modeled as a pairwise contest game for an endogenous prize. Our study attributes overbidding under ESS to misperceptions about various attributes of rival players in a conflict that evolved through ESP. We show that players tend to over perceive the resource endowments of rival players and this, in turn, gives rise to the more aggressive behaviour of players under ESS. We also use the notion of conflict expenditure in an endogenous prize setting to show that the false perception about the rival players under ESP gives rise to higher levels of dissipation of resources into appropriation. JEL Classifications: D70, D72, D74