Platform Screen Doors Research Articles

Optimized Design of Safety Boards with Adjustable Spacing for Subway Platforms

Introduction: The domestic subway industry has introduced various policies and facilities through a steady interest in safety facilities as an effort to reduce accidents. Consequently, safety facilities, such as platform screen doors and wheelchair elevators, are currently installed in subway stations. However, according to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, an average of 65 trip accidents continued to occur annually. Tripping accidents in the gap between the train door and platform continue to occur because of problems with the platform structure and the occurrence of steps. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical properties of safety boards to select a basic design and optimize it. Methods: We analyzed of the internal crystal structure according to the material, material surface composition elements, and material tensile strengths. Based on these analyses, we conducted the following sub-studies: 1) Understanding the operating status by searching and organizing the latest domestic data installed and operated on the platform. 2) Analysis of the operating principles of existing safety steps and identification of the current status based on domestic patent searches for fixed, sliding, and foldable safety steps. 3) Analysis of the limitations of the existing safety boards. In other words, because safety board installation is highly expensive, it is difficult to install them at all stations. Therefore, by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods, we conducted a structural analysis of the adjustable-interval safety step platform safety board and optimized its design. Results: Considering the limitations and problems of existing safety steps, new ideas were proposed and the optimal safety step was selected through comparative analysis. In addition, referring to the platform safety step standards, the maximum allowable vertical distribution load of the frame was set to be 1,000 kgf or more, and the maximum allowable vertical distribution load of the movable step was set to be 500 kgf or more. After creating the basic model, the design was changed by changing the number of supports and balls. Conclusions: The purpose of this design is to consider safety while supplementing the economic efficiency, which is the disadvantage of the existing safety steps currently installed. It can be installed at different intervals for each platform, and it was designed with safety as the top priority, preventing unexpected collisions and being safe even under high loads. In order to verify safety under load, the optimal design was selected through a comparison of deformation values between models during the ANSYS analysis process.

Assessing the potential of half-height platform screen doors to prevent personal injury accidents: Evidence from the Tokyo metropolitan area railway network

Assessing the potential of half-height platform screen doors to prevent personal injury accidents: Evidence from the Tokyo metropolitan area railway network

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Virtual Reality Sebagai Sarana Pembelajaran Untuk Pengenalan Modul Platform Screen Door (PSD) Pada Stasiun Underground MRT Jakarta

Technology media such as android smartphones can be used as an interesting and effective learning method. However, materials that require more skills or creativity, such as how the Platform Screen Door (PSD) components work, often encounter difficulties in learning. This study proposes the use of virtual reality-based applications as an alternative media to help learn PSD doors at the underground station MRT Jakarta. This application uses unity 3D and blender software. In the testing process, the author uses the black box testing method to ensure that each button and application feature functions properly. The testing involved cadets, educators, and education personnel at the Indonesian Railway Polytechnic Madiun. With the black box testing method, the results obtained were 100% successful with 30 trials. The test results show that this application is easy to use and effective in helping cadets learn maintenance, repairs, and PSD modules in an interesting way. Thus, virtual reality-based applications have great potential to increase learning effectiveness, especially in the context of complex material that requires in-depth understanding.

Strategies for Reducing Suicide at Railroads: A Scoping Review of Evidence and Gaps.

This review aims to systematically evaluate existing literature on reducing suicides along railroads, with specific focus on effectiveness, limitations, and research gaps in the current evidence base. Database searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL covering studies published until 30 November 2024. After screening 623 studies and their references, 51 studies were included; 26 empirically assessed rail-related prevention interventions and 25 provided relevant qualitative insights. Physical barriers like removal of grade crossings, addition of fencing, and platform screen doors (PSDs) showed significant promise. Full-height PSDs eliminated all suicides and half-height PSDs significantly reduced suicide incidence. Fencing was found to be effective but raised concerns about feasibility and must be part of a comprehensive approach to mitigate potential displacement. Safe media reporting was linked to decreased suicides and a reduced risk of contagion, and CCTV monitoring and suicide pits also showed potential but had limited research. Other strategies showed mixed evidence and required additional evaluation. Some studies, particularly on physical barriers, showed possible displacement effects to other stations, highlighting the need for studies larger in geographic and temporal scope. Our findings support certain prevention interventions, but generalizability is limited by scope of research and methodological concerns. Overall, our findings highlight the need for broader, long-term studies to confirm efficacy and establish comprehensive, scalable approaches for policy implementation.

Improvement of Platform Screen Door System - Focus on inability to automatically open PSD -

Improvement of Platform Screen Door System - Focus on inability to automatically open PSD -

State-dependent multi-agent discrete event simulation for urban rail transit passenger flow

State-dependent multi-agent discrete event simulation for urban rail transit passenger flow

Experimental investigation on cooling load caused by unorganized ventilation in subway station: A case study

Experimental investigation on cooling load caused by unorganized ventilation in subway station: A case study

STPA-RL: Integrating Reinforcement Learning into STPA for Loss Scenario Exploration

Experience-based methods like reinforcement learning (RL) are often deemed less suitable for the safety field due to concerns about potential safety issues. To bridge this gap, we introduce STPA-RL, a methodology that integrates RL with System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA). STPA is a safety analysis technique that identifies causative factors leading to unsafe control actions and system hazards through loss scenarios. In the context of STPA-RL, we formalize the Markov Decision Process based on STPA analysis results to incorporate control algorithms into the system environment. The agent learns safe actions through reward-based learning, tracking potential hazard paths to validate system safety. Specifically, by analyzing various loss scenarios related to the Platform Screen Door, we assess the applicability of the proposed approach by evaluating hazard trajectory graphs and hazard frequencies in the system. This paper streamlines the RL process for loss scenario identification through STPA, contributing to self-guided loss scenarios and diverse system modeling. Additionally, it offers effective simulations for proactive development to enhance system safety and provide practical assistance in the safety field.

Numerical analysis and improvement strategy of particulate matter concentration in underground subway stations

Numerical analysis and improvement strategy of particulate matter concentration in underground subway stations

A pilot study evaluating the preventive effects of platform-end lengthwise fencing on trespassing, person struck by train and traffic delays

A pilot study evaluating the preventive effects of platform-end lengthwise fencing on trespassing, person struck by train and traffic delays

Modeling the Duration of the Impact of Unplanned Disruptions on Passenger Trips Using Smartcard Data in Urban Rail Systems

Many urban rail systems operate near capacity given the rapid increase in passenger demand, and unplanned disruptions are unavoidable. From a passenger perspective, the duration of trip delays is a major concern, and passenger trip delays may be longer than the train delays. Several studies have focused on predicting train delays, but the research on the duration of the disruption impacts on passenger trips is limited given that the duration is not observed directly. This paper proposes a probabilistic method to estimate the disruption impact duration using smartcard data, explores statistical and machine learning models to predict the duration of impacts on passengers, and identifies influencing factors including incident characteristics, operating conditions, infrastructure, external factors, and demand. The results highlight that prediction accuracies are acceptable for multiple linear regression, accelerated failure time, and random forest models. Disruptions caused by power failures have longer impact durations than other causes, followed by platform screen doors. The fixed block signaling system leads to a larger disruption duration than the moving block system. The study provides, for the first time, a data-driven approach to understanding the duration of the impact of disruptions on passenger trips using smartcard data which can facilitate timely and informed decision-making under unplanned disruptions.

Numerical Study of Train-induced Pressure on Platform Screen Doors of a Subway Station

We numerically investigate the train-induced transient pressure on the platform screen doors (PSDs) of an island-type platform in a subway station according to real scenarios and full-scale simulation to enhance understanding of the design and safe operation of subway trains. Two typical cases, namely, the non-stop and chasing cases, were examined, with the train’s speed variation well simulated throughout both cases. In the non-stop case, a train passes through the station without stopping; in the chasing case, a train stops at the station while another subsequent train approaches through the tunnel, which inevitably happens during rush hours. It is observed that the train generates a compression wave when it passes the tunnel’s ventilation shaft, similar to what occurs when entering a tunnel. In the non-stop case, the PSDs experience two positive and one negative pressure extremes in the whole process. The first positive peak results from an oncoming compression wave through the tunnel, while the second positive and negative peaks arise due to the passing of the train head and tail, respectively. In the chasing case, the stopped train at the platform leads to a blockage effect that significantly increases the pressure on the PSDs via the oncoming compression wave. This lateral pressure may result in the failure of proper operation of the PSDs, particularly during rush hours, with pressure lasting for roughly 5.7 seconds. It is also found that, compared to the fully sealed PSD, both the half-height and partial porous PSDs can significantly reduce the pressure load caused by the passing of the train head, with its maximum pressure load reduced by 38.7% and 38.2%, respectively. Therefore, if the pressure load on a fully sealed PSD is too high for structural design, one may consider the use of half-height and partial porous PSDs as an alternative. Our study offers crucial insights into the train-induced transient pressure on PSDs in a subway station island-type platform. It provides guidance on optimizing the pressure/operation problem on PSDs and offers valuable information for the safe design and operation of subway trains.

Study on emergency ventilation strategies for various fire scenarios in a double-island subway station

Study on emergency ventilation strategies for various fire scenarios in a double-island subway station

Reducing falls among visually impaired individuals on railway platforms: Field research on environmental challenges and solutions

Reducing falls among visually impaired individuals on railway platforms: Field research on environmental challenges and solutions

Toward real-time congestion measurement of passenger flow on platform screen doors based on surveillance videos analysis

Toward real-time congestion measurement of passenger flow on platform screen doors based on surveillance videos analysis

Reducing PM10 and PM2.5 Concentrations in a Subway Station by Changing the Diffuser Arrangement.

According to the stringent regulations on particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Seoul, Korea, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in subway stations must be maintained below 50 and 30 μg/m3, respectively, by 2024. Therefore, the PM concentrations in a subway station were analyzed considering air-conditioning diffuser arrangement and filtration efficiency, with the total ventilation flow rate of the station maintained constant. Dynamic analysis was performed under a worst-case scenario, wherein outdoor air was introduced through ground entrances and high-concentration dust (PM10, PM2.5) was introduced from stationary train cabins into the platforms through open platform screen doors (PSDs). Although the average PM concentrations were predicted to satisfy the reinforced criteria of Seoul under the existing operating conditions, the recommended limits were exceeded in certain local areas. To address this, the PM concentrations were predicted by changing the diffuser arrangement in the waiting room and maintaining the total ventilation flow rate constant. When the diffusers were placed near the waiting room walls, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were reduced by approximately 10.5 and 5%, respectively, compared to the previous diffuser arrangement. Thus, the required PM concentration criteria were satisfied in nearly all areas of the target station, except for certain areas close to PSDs. The study findings can form the basis for improving the air quality of other subway stations.

A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of preventing railway suicides by mid-track fencing, which restrict easy access to high-speed train tracks

Background: Suicides in the railway system is a serious health, societal, and transportation concern. Restriction of the access to suicide methods in the form of different physical barriers is a promising approach for suicide prevention. Method: Mid-track fencing, which is fencing placed in-between the high-speed and commuter train tracks, was installed at one out of seven stations along a train line outside of Stockholm in the years 2013/2014. The number of suicides at the intervention station was compared to six other stations used as controls, over a total period of 20 years (2002–2021). Results: Suicides at high-speed tracks occurring at stations was the major cause of death on the investigated railway line. Prior to the year 2014, the intervention and control stations displayed similar time trends in the number of suicides. After installation of the mid-track fencing in 2014, there was a 62.5% reduction in the rate of suicides occurring at the intervention station. Compared to the six other control stations, the intervention station displayed a significant reduction in the number of suicides during the years 2014–2021 (OR = 0.14, 95%CI 0.013–0.95). Suicides at the railway lines in-between stations were not increased post-intervention. However, nearby control stations showed a 162% increase in suicides after the intervention, suggesting the induction of transfer effects. Conclusion: Mid-track fences restricting access to high-speed train tracks may have a large effect on reducing the number of railway suicides at intervention stations, but may also induce an increase in suicides at nearby stations without mid-track fences. Practical applications: Partial physical barriers such as mid-track fencing is deemed to be relatively easy and cheap to install (as compared to full barriers; e.g., full height platform screen doors) and should be considered at all stations on railway lines that have high-speed trains passing by.

Numerical Study on the Impact of Platform Screen Doors in a Subway Station with a Train on Fire

Almost all recently built subway stations are equipped with Platform Screen Doors (PSDs) due to the numerous proven benefits of these systems. In addition, PSDs are now being introduced in existing subway stations, but their operation in conjunction with previously designed ventilation systems in case of emergency should be deeply studied. In this context, the objective of this study is to assess the efficiency of the planned emergency strategy (coupled operation, ventilation systems–PSDs system) in the case of trains on fire stopped at the platform of a subway station retrofitted with PSDs. The approach is based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) full-scale simulations to predict the airflow, temperature, and pollutant (carbon monoxide—CO and carbon dioxide—CO2) concentrations caused by the fire. The results show the evident contribution of PSDs in stopping the dispersion of hot and polluted air in the subway station during the entire simulation time (20 min from the arrival of the train on fire). Consequently, the investigated emergency strategy (exhausting air both through the “over track system” and the “under platform system”, simultaneously with the opening of the PSDs on the side with the train on fire) assures the safe evacuation of passengers as soon as they have left the subway train. The results indicate that access to the platform is not perturbed by high temperatures or dangerous concentrations of CO and CO2.

Analysis of energy-saving for ventilation and air-conditioning system of subway stations with platform screen doors

Analysis of energy-saving for ventilation and air-conditioning system of subway stations with platform screen doors

Energy benchmarking analysis of subway station with platform screen door system in China

Energy benchmarking analysis of subway station with platform screen door system in China