Sports completion is unprecedentedly intensive now and performance of athletes becomes closer and closer to limit of human’s capacity. To constantly create better performance, athletes must do a large amount of limitation training. Athletes would be found with water desorption, electrolyte loss, enhanced protein catabolism, imbalanced cell membrane penetration and enzyme escape after overloaded training and competition. Whey protein can rapidly provide athletes with water, electrolyte and energy substance, prevent excessive fatigue of athletes during sports, sustain and promote fluid balance within body and help athletes rapidly recover physical ability. Sports nutritional food is a powerful nutritional basis for athletes who engage in a large amount of overloaded training and competition. This study first discusses over the application of whey protein in the perspective of the functional characteristics of whey protein, then emphatically analyzes the impact of whey protein on physical ability recovery and fatigue elimination of canoeing athletes and finally explores the impact of whey protein on various indexes during training based on a case, thus to further confirm the action mechanism of whey protein for canoeing athletes.