Plasma Fluoride Levels Research Articles

9336 Bone Pain Caused By Computer Cleaners Huffing

Abstract Disclosure: M. Sokrab: None. V.S. Rao: None. P. Shah: None. J.L. Shaker: None. A 47 year-old woman was evaluated 2/2024 for bone pain especially in the forearms and lower legs. The symptoms were worse since about 4/2023. Initial evaluation 11/2023 revealed elevated alkaline phosphatase levels and markers of bone remodeling (P1NP 396 ug/dl, normal; 20-101 and C-telopeptide 4389, normal; 177-1015. The plasma fluoride level was 17.1 mcmol/L (normal; < 4.1). There was no history of excess exposure to fluoride from dental products. She did not drink powdered iced tea or use green tea capsules. There was no industrial fluoride exposure and she consumed city water. She used inhaled fluticasone twice weekly but was not taking other fluoride containing medications, particularly voriconazole. She reported huffing computer cleaner containing difluoroethane between mid 2023 and early 2024. On examination, she had diffuse skeletal tenderness especially over her forearms and lower legs. Lab data revealed calcium 9.2 mg/dl (normal, 8.6-10.2), albumin 4 g/dl, phosphorus 3.6 mg/dl (normal, 2.5-4.5), creatinine 1.08 mg/dl (normal, 0.5-1.1), ionized calcium 1.33 mmol/l (normal, 1.18-1.33), pH normalized ionized calcium 1.25 mmol/l (normal, 1.18-1.33), PTH 126 pg/ml (normal, 15-72), 25(OH)vitamin D 29.5 ng/ml (normal, 20-50), and alkaline phosphatase 287 u/l (normal, 40-120) with a predominant elevation of the bone isoenzyme. The bone specific alkaline phosphatase was 93.4 mcg/l (normal, 7.0-22.4). The SPEP revealed a biclonal IgG Kappa monoclonal protein too small to quantify. The repeat fluoride level was 1.2 mg/l (normal, <0.05). Imaging included diffuse uptake on bone scan as well as periostitis/periosteal thickening involving legs, arms, and hands. There was axial osteosclerosis. Our patient appears to have skeletal fluorosis. Although the time-line of reported huffing and symptoms is not completely consistent, we could find no other exposure to fluoride and speculate she may have been huffing before she recalls. Skeletal fluorosis (SF) is endemic in some countries generally related to drinking water or tea that is high in fluoride, In the US, SF is caused by abnormal use of fluoride-containing dental products, excessive consumption of powdered iced tea containing fluoride, chronic use of the antifungal agent voriconazole and now more often huffing abuse of computer cleaners containing difluoroethane. The number of reported cases of huffing-related SF appears to be increasing and greater awareness of this problem is needed. Presentation: 6/1/2024

العلاقة بين سمية الفلوريد والإجهاد التأكسدي ومضاعفات الحمل لدى النساء اللواتي يعشن في مناطق التسمم بالفلور

كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو التحقيق من العلاقة بين مستويات فلوريد البلازما المرتفعة، والإجهاد التأكسدي، ومضاعفات الحمل (الإجهاض، وموت الجنين داخل الرحم، والولادة المبكرة، وتسمم الحمل) لدى النساء اللواتي يعشن في إقليم سطات بالمغرب. تم جمع عينات الدم من النساء الحوامل ذوات الحمل الطبيعي (عدد = 60)، والإجهاض (عدد = 20)، وموت الجنين داخل الرحم (عدد = 10)، والولادة المبكرة (عدد = 20)، وتسمم الحمل (عدد = 20). بعد ذلك، تم تحديد مستويات فلوريد البلازما والأنشطة الأنزيمية لخلايا الدم الحمراء من superoxide dismutase (SOD)، catalase (CAT)، glutathione peroxidase (GPx). أظهرت النتائج أن مستويات الفلوريد في البلازما أقل بشكل ملحوظ عند النساء ذوات الحمل الطبيعي بتركيز 0.030 ± 0.003 ملغم / لتر مقارنة بالنساء اللائي تعرضن للإجهاض وموت الجنين داخل الرحم والولادة المبكرة وتسمم الحمل، بتركيزات 0.040 ± 0.002، 0.037 ± 0.002، 0.034 ± 0.004 و0.034 ± 0.003 ملغم / لتر، على التوالي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، زاد نشاط SOD بشكل ملحوظ عند النساء اللواتي يعانين من مضاعفات الحمل، بينما انخفضت أنشطة CAT وGPx مقارنة بالنساء ذوات الحمل الطبيعي. علاوة على ذلك، لوحظ وجود علاقة قوية بين مستويات فلوريد البلازما وأنشطة مضادات الأكسدة ومضاعفات الحمل. قد يؤدي وجود مستويات عالية من فلوريد البلازما إلى زيادة انتشار الإجهاض ووفاة الجنين داخل الرحم والولادة المبكرة وتسمم الحمل، عبر مسار الإجهاد التأكسدي لدى النساء الحوامل اللواتي يعشن في إقليم سطات بالمغرب.

Association between plasma fluoride levels and pregnancy complications in women living in the rural and urban areas of Settat-Morocco

Association between plasma fluoride levels and pregnancy complications in women living in the rural and urban areas of Settat-Morocco

Association between fluoride exposure and blood pressure.

This study investigated whether fluoride was associated with an increased prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) among adolescents in the United States. The study sample consisted of 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants aged 13-17 years. Independent-samples t-tests, Chi-square tests, and regression models were used to analyze the data. A total of 814 participants met the study criteria. The findings showed that the proportion of patients with high levels of water or plasma fluoride in the high BP group was higher than that in the normal BP group. However, after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, neither water nor plasma fluoride levels were significantly associated with a high BP. This study did not find an association between either water or plasma fluoride levels and high BP. Further study is needed to exclude a dose dependent effect at higher levels of fluoride.

Relationship Between Plasma Fluoride Levels, Glutathione Peroxidase Activity, Hemoglobin, and Abortion in Rural and Urban Pregnant Women from Settat (Morocco)

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma fluoride and hemoglobin levels, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and abortion among rural and urban pregnant women from Settat province (Morocco). Methods: Blood samples were collected from rural pregnant women who had not undergone abortion (N = 224), rural pregnant women who had an abortion (N = 38), urban pregnant women who had not undergone abortion (N = 163), and urban pregnant women who had an abortion (N = 14). Results: The highest (p < 0.01) plasma fluoride levels and the lowest (p < 0.01) GPx activity were observed in rural pregnant women. In all participants, plasma fluoride levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001), and the GPx activity was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in pregnant women who had an abortion compared with those who did not undergo such process. No significant difference was observed between the hemoglobin levels of all participants. Furthermore, abortion was positively correlated with plasma fluoride levels (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with GPx activity (p < 0.001) in rural participants. Conclusions: Rural pregnant women had higher plasma fluoride levels and lower GPx activity, which correlated with the increased abortion risk and oxidative stress.

A National Study Exploring the Association Between Fluoride Levels and Dental Fluorosis

While the effects of fluoride on health have been widely researched, fewer high-quality studies examine the association of fluoride levels in water and dental fluorosis. To investigate the association between fluoride exposure from drinking water and dental fluorosis. This cross-sectional study used the 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2016). NHANES uses a complex sampling technique to develop nationally representative sample estimates of the US population that consists of interviews and physical assessments. Children and adolescents aged 6 to 15 years were included because NHANES contains their data for all 3 forms of fluoride measures: plasma fluoride levels, water levels of fluoride, and dietary fluoride supplementation. Data were analyzed from January 1 to April 30, 2023. Water and plasma fluoride levels were measured by laboratory personnel. Dietary fluoride supplement data were self-reported. The Dean's Fluorosis Index was used to evaluate fluorosis status for each tooth. The dental fluorosis severity value was based on the second most affected tooth. Independent variables included plasma and water fluoride concentrations and dietary fluoride supplementation. An independent samples t test was used to compare fluoride exposures between groups, and Pearson correlation assessed the association between plasma and water fluoride levels. To assess whether fluoride exposures were associated with dental fluorosis, logistic regression analyses were conducted. There were 1543 participants in the 2013-2014 NHANES cycle (weighted proportion male, 51.9%; mean [SD] age, 11.0 [2.7] years) and 1452 in the 2015-2016 cycle (weighted proportion male, 52.6%; mean [SD] age, 11.1 [2.8] years). A weighted 87.3% exhibited some degree of fluorosis in the 2013-2014 cycle and 68.2% in the 2015-2016 cycle. Higher fluoride levels in water and plasma were significantly associated with higher odds of dental fluorosis (adjusted odds ratios, 2.378 [95% CI, 2.372-2.383] in the 2013-2014 cycle and 1.568 [95% CI, 1.564-1.571] in the 2015-2016 cycle). The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that exposure to higher concentrations of fluoride in water and having higher plasma levels of fluoride were associated with a greater risk of dental fluorosis. Further research can help policy makers develop policies that balance substantial caries prevention with the risk of dental fluorosis.

Fluoride exposure and blood cell markers of inflammation in children and adolescents in the United States: NHANES, 2013–2016

BackgroundIngestion of fluoride in drinking water has been shown to result in increased cellular markers of inflammation in rodent models. However, the approximately 5–10 × increase in water fluoride concentrations required in rat and mouse models to obtain plasma fluoride concentrations similar to those found in humans has made relevant comparisons of animal to human studies difficult to assess. As an increased white blood cell count (WBC) is a marker of inflammation in humans, we used available NHANES survey data to assess the associations between plasma fluoride levels in the U.S. and blood cell counts children and adolescents. MethodsMultiple linear regressions were done to determine the association of blood cell counts and plasma fluoride in publicly available NHANES survey data from the 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 cycles. Plasma fluoride concentration measurements were available only for children aged 6 to 19, inclusive, and therefore this subpopulation was used for all analyses. Covariate predictors along with plasma fluoride were age, ethnicity, gender, and Body Mass Index (BMI). ResultsPlasma fluoride was significantly positively associated with water fluoride, total WBC count, segmented neutrophils, and monocytes, and negatively associated with red blood cell count when adjusted for age, gender and BMI.ConclusionOur finding that neutrophils and monocytes are associated with higher plasma fluoride in U.S. children and adolescents is consistent with animal data showing fluoride related effects of increased inflammation. These findings suggest the importance of further studies to assess potential mechanisms that are involved in absorption and filtration of ingested fluoride, particularly in tissues and organs such as the small intestine, liver and kidney.

Role of renal function in the association of drinking water fluoride and plasma fluoride among adolescents in the United States: NHANES, 2013–2016.

ContextWhile fluoride has been added to drinking water and dental products for decades in order to prevent tooth decay, there are growing concerns about its potential toxicity. Given that fluoride is primarily excreted in urine, an important question that has not been examined is whether among those whose drinking water is fluoridated, impaired renal function is associated with higher levels of circulating fluoride. ObjectiveTo examine the association between drinking water and plasma fluoride and its modification by renal function. Design, Setting, and Participants: Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2013 and 2016 with measures of fluoride in plasma and drinking water and renal function. These measures were only available in adolescent age 12–19 years. OutcomesPlasma fluoride levels and their modification by strata of renal function, measured by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). ResultsAmong 1841 healthy adolescents, a 10 ml/min/1.73 m (Penman et al., 1997) lower eGFR and a 1 mg/L higher drinking water fluoride concentration were associated with a 0.02 (95%CI -0.02, −0.03) umol/L and 0.23 (95%CI 0.15,0.30) umol/L higher adjusted plasma fluoride level, respectively. The association of water and plasma fluoride levels was most robust among those with lower renal function (multiplicative interaction p value < 0.001). For adolescents in the lowest eGFR quartile, a 1 mg/L higher drinking water fluoride concentration was associated with a 0.35 (95%CI 0.21,0.48) umol/L higher plasma fluoride level, compared to 0.20 (95%CI 0.14,0.26) umol/L in the highest eGFR quartile. Restriction to those with measurable plasma fluoride levels yielded similar results. ConclusionsWater fluoridation results in higher plasma fluoride levels in those with lower renal function. How routine water fluoridation may affect the many millions of Americans with Chronic Kidney Disease, who are particularly susceptible to heavy metal and mineral accumulation, needs to be further investigated.

Fluoride Status and Cardiometabolic Health: Findings from a Representative Survey among Children and Adolescents.

There is preliminary evidence to suggest a positive association between fluoride exposure and higher blood pressure among children, but population-based biomarker studies are lacking. Thus, data from the 2013/2014 and 2015/2016 cycles of the US-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analysed to evaluate the association between plasma fluoride concentrations and blood pressure among children and adolescents aged 8 to 19 years. Secondary analyses were carried out on fluoride status in relation to further markers of cardio-metabolic health, i.e., anthropometric indices, biomarkers of lipid and sugar metabolism, and C-reactive protein levels. There was a positive correlation between water fluoride content and plasma fluoride concentrations (Spearman’s r = 0.41, p < 0.01). However, multivariable linear regression models did not show significant differences in adjusted mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure across increasing quartiles of fluoride concentrations. Further markers of cardio-metabolic health were not associated with fluoride status, with the exception of a weak inverse association between plasma fluoride and HbA1c levels. Higher plasma fluoride may not be a risk factor for increased blood pressure or impaired cardio-metabolic health among children in the USA, a non-fluoride endemic country, with wide-spread water fluoridation.

Voriconazole-associated periostitis: Pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management.

Voriconazole use has been associated with osteoarticular pain and periostitis, likely due to high fluoride content in the drug formulation. This phenomenon has been described primarily with high dosage or prolonged course of voriconazole therapy in immunocompromised and transplant patient populations. Patients typically present with diffuse bony pains associated with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and plasma fluoride levels in conjunction with radiographic findings suggestive of periostitis. We provide a comprehensive review of the literature to highlight salient characteristics commonly associated with voriconazole-induced periostitis.

Distribution of Fluoride in Plasma, Brain, and Bones and Associated Oxidative Damage After Induced Chronic Fluorosis in Wistar Rats.

The study was aimed to determine fluoride levels in plasma, brain, and bones of Wistar rats following chronic administration of fluoride at different dose levels and the consequent oxidative damage inflicted in these tissues. Brain histomorphology and bone radiographs were also evaluated to assess the extent of damage in these organs. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups with six animals in each group. Group I served as control and groups II and III received 50 and 100ppm fluoride in tap water, respectively for 180days. A dose-dependent rise in the levels of fluoride in plasma, brain, and bones was observed in rats. Significant (P < 0.05) alterations in levels of total thiols, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, acetylcholinesterase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, lipids, as well as protein peroxidation in blood and brain were observed as compared to control in a dose-dependent manner. Radiological examination of bone revealed thinning of bone cortex with haphazard ossification, reduced bone density, and widening of marrow cavity indicating occurrence offlawed bone remodeling upon chronic fluoride exposure. Improper mineralization in bones of intoxicated rats indirectly reflected reduced bone tensile strength. Moreover, alterations in plasma Ca:P ratio and high levels of fluoride in bone ash indicated that chronic fluoride exposure leads to alterations in the bone matrix further corroborating the radio-graphical findings. Additionally, severe microscopic alterations were recorded in the cerebrum and cerebellum of treated rats which included neuronal necrosis, gliosis, spongiosis, perivascular cuffing, congestion, and hemorrhage which correlated well with oxidative changes induced by fluoride intoxication in the brain tissue of rats.

Fluoride exposure and reproductive health among adolescent females in the United States: NHANES 2013-2016

Background: Fluoride can affect reproductive health in animals and is associated with later pubertal development and decreased testosterone production in adolescent and adult males. However, effects of fluoride on female reproductive health and pubertal development are unclear. Therefore, we examined associations of fluoride exposure with reproductive health outcomes among adolescent females in the United States. Methods: The sample included participants from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2013 to 2016) who were aged 16-19. There were 524 and 460 participants who had plasma fluoride and household tap water fluoride measurements respectively, at least one reproductive health outcome examined and complete covariate data. We applied covariate adjusted survey-weighted linear or logistic regression to examine associations of fluoride exposure with age of menarche, menstrual cycle regularity, or log2 transformed serum sex steroid hormone levels. Covariates included age, race/ethnicity, body mass index and the ratio of family income to poverty. Participants taking sex hormone medication were excluded from relevant analyses (n=46 and n=41 for plasma and water fluoride samples respectively).Results: Median (IQR) water and plasma fluoride levels were 0.48 (0.53) mg/L and 0.34 (0.30) µmol/L respectively. An IQR increase in water fluoride was associated with a 3.3 month earlier first menstrual period (B= -0.28, 95%CI: -0.54, -0.02, p = 0.05). Additionally, we observed a significant interaction between plasma fluoride and race/ethnicity in association with age of menarche (p = 0.01). For non-Hispanic black females, each IQR increase in plasma fluoride was associated with a 5-month earlier age of menarche (B=-0.42, 95%CI: -0.61, -0.23, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Chronic low-level fluoride exposure may influence reproductive health outcomes in adolescents. These findings, as well as whether non-Hispanic black females are uniquely vulnerable to potential reproductive impacts of fluoride, should be explored in prospective studies.

Plasma and water fluoride levels and hyperuricemia among US adolescents

Plasma and water fluoride levels and hyperuricemia among US adolescents

The association of fluoride in drinking water with serum calcium, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in pregnant women and newborn infants.

Chronic exposure to fluoride in drinking water causes an increase in plasma fluoride levels that is related to a reduction in calcium transport across the renal tubule endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. In the present study, it was hypothesised that varying levels of fluoride present in drinking water are associated with serum levels of calcium and the related hormones vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in pregnant women and newborn infants. This cross-sectional study included two groups based on the fluoride concentration in drinking water. One group was considered low/optimum in which the fluoride concentration in drinking water was <1 ppm, and the other group was considered a high fluoride group with ≥1 ppm fluoride in drinking water. In each group, 90 pregnant women were recruited at the hospital during delivery. The participants were given a questionnaire regarding their medical history, sunshine exposure duration, and supplement use and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Fluoride was measured in drinking water, urine, maternal serum and cord blood. Serum calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone were measured in a fully automated analyser. In pregnant women, drinking water that contained fluoride was significantly positively correlated with urine and blood serum. Low mean concentrations of vitamin D and deficient (<10 ng/ml) vitamin D were more prevalent among the high fluoride group irrespective of diet, sunshine exposure and supplementation. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were significantly lower in the high fluoride group than in the low/optimum fluoride group in both pregnant mothers' blood and cord blood. Drinking water with high fluoride levels was significantly associated with calcium and the related hormones vitamin D and parathyroid hormone.

The impact of sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative renal function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.

Renal damage secondary to fluoride ions and compound A (CpdA) after sevoflurane anesthesia remains unclear. For safety reasons, some countries still recommend minimum fresh-gas flows (FGFs) with sevoflurane. We review the evidence regarding the intraoperative use of sevoflurane for anesthesia maintenance and postoperative renal function compared with other anesthetic agents used for anesthetic maintenance. Secondarily, we examine the effects of peak plasma fluoride and CpdA levels and the effect of FGF and duration of anesthesia on these parameters. The databases of MEDLINE (OVID and Pubmed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Health Technology Assessment Database, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from inception until 23 April 2020 to identify randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) in humans utilizing sevoflurane or an alternative anesthetic for anesthesia maintenance with subsequent measurements of renal function. Two different paired reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted data. The quality of the evidence was appraised using GRADE recommendations. Of 3,766 publications screened, 41 RCTs in human patients were identified. There was no difference between creatinine at 24 hr (21 studies; n = 1,529), or creatinine clearance (CCR) at 24 hr (12 studies; n = 728) in the sevoflurane vs alternative anesthetic groups. Peak fluoride and fluoride measured at 24 hr were higher with sevoflurane compared with other inhaled anesthetics. Subgroup analyses for sevoflurane usage in various contexts showed no significant difference between sevoflurane and alternative anesthetics for creatinine or CCR at 24 hr at varying FGF, duration of exposure, baseline renal function, or absorbent use. We did not find any association between the use of sevoflurane and postoperative renal impairment compared with other agents used for anesthesia maintenance. The scientific basis for recommending higher FGF with the use of sevoflurane needs to be revisited.

3539 Relationship between dental fluorosis, water and serum levels of fluoride and chronic kidney disease in children: Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The aim of the study is to examine the relation between dental fluorosis, serum and water levels of fluoride and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) among children. A link between dental fluorosis, fluoride level and CKD can be an indicator of the blind danger of fluoride toxicity that poses a great threat to the human health. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Dental fluorosis, serum and water levels of fluoride and CKD were examined in children 6-19 years old, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey1999-2012 and 2013-2016. We used multiple logistic regression to adjust for the confounders (demographics, insurance, dental visit, and co-morbidity) to assess the relation between dental fluorosis, serum and water levels of fluoride and CKD. STATA 14.0 was used to analyze the data (sample design and weight). P &lt; 0.05 is statistically significant. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The prevalence of CKD was 13.9% and dental fluorosis was 34.3%. In the multivariate model, plasma fluoride level was independently associated with CKD (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.68, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.06-2.68, p = 0.029) but not with dental fluorosis (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.87-2.2, p = 0.17) or water fluoride level (AOR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.59-1.396, p = 0.659). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Results indicated that serum fluoride level is independently associated with CKD but dental fluorosis and water fluoride level were not related to CKD. Increase awareness and screening for fluorosis in children are needed for early detection and prevention of organ damage. Prospective studies related to fluorosis and tissue damage are needed.

Skeletal Fluorosis Related to Habitual Tea Consumption: Long-Term Follow-Up After Reduction and Discontinuation of Tea

ABSTRACT Objective: Systemic fluorosis due to excessive tea consumption is a cause of acquired osteosclerosis. Reversibility of systemic fluorosis and long-term outcome data are essentially limited to a few case reports and has never been reported in the context of fluorosis due to chronic excessive tea intake. Methods: We previously reported on 4 patients with fluoride excess due to habitual tea consumption with a wide disease spectrum, including skeletal fluorosis, gastrointestinal symptoms, lower extremity pain, and renal insufficiency. Herein, we report long-term follow-up on two of those subjects. Results: Reduction and discontinuation of tea intake was associated with rapid improvement of bone pain, renal function, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Reversibility of osteosclerosis and reductions in bone mineral density were also observed over several years after reduction and elimination of the fluoride source. An initial decrease in plasma fluoride levels occurred, followed by a plateau at above-normal...

Fluoride Alteration of [3H]Glucose Uptake in Wistar Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues

The present study was designed to investigate the role of postnatal fluoride intake on [3H]glucose uptake and transport in rat brain and peripheral tissues. Sodium fluoride (NaF) in a concentration of 10 or 50 ppm was added to the drinking water of adult Wistar rats. The control group received distilled water. After 4 weeks, respective plasma fluoride levels were 0.0541 ± 0.0135 μg/ml (control), 0.0596 ± 0.0202 μg/ml (10 ppm), and 0.0823 ± 0.0199 μg/ml (50 ppm). Although plasma glucose levels were not altered in any group, the plasma insulin level in the fluoride (50 ppm) group was elevated (0.72 ± 0.13 μg/ml) versus the control group (0.48 ± 0.24 μg/ml) and fluoride (10 ppm) group. In rats receiving fluoride for 4 weeks at 10 ppm in drinking water, [3H]glucose uptake was unaltered in all tested parts of the brain. However, in rats receiving fluoride at 50 ppm, [3H]glucose uptake in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus with hypothalamus was elevated, versus the saline group. Fluoride intake had a negligible effect on [3H]glucose uptake by peripheral tissues (liver, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, atrium, aorta, kidney, visceral tissue, lung, skin, oral mucosa, tongue, salivary gland, incisor, molars, and jawbone). In neither fluoride group was glucose transporter proteins 1 (GLUT 1) or 3 (GLUT 3) altered in frontal cortex and striatum versus control. On the assumption that increased glucose uptake (by neural tissue) reasonably reflects neuronal activity, it appears that fluoride damage to the brain results in a compensatory increase in glucose uptake and utilization without changes in GLUT 1 and GLUT 3 expression.

Erythrocytic Oxidative Stress Indices and Haemato-biochemical Changes in Fluorotic Cattle from Industrial Fluorotic Zone of Odisha

Effect of chronic fluorosis on haemato-biochemical parameters and oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium in cattle of industrial fluorotic zones of district Angul, Odisha, India was studied. Ten fluorotic cattle of visible clinical signs of endemic area and ten healthy cattle of non-fluorotic area were selected for the present study. Plasma fluoride level along with haemato-biochemical parameters was studied. Erythrocytic oxidative stress parameters like catalase, superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidase were examined from 10 % red blood cell hemolysate. Statistical analysis of these two groups revealed altered haemato-biochemical parameters. There is high plasma fluoride level in the fluorotic cattle as compared to the healthy ones. The blood samples of the fluorotic cattle showed significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count and packed cell volume as compared to healthy cattle. Differential leukocyte picture showed significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in neutrophil count in fluorotic cattle while increase in eosinophil, monocyte and lymphocyte percentage as compared to cattle of non fluorotic zone. Fluoride affected cattle revealed significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine level, whereas significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in plasma calcium level and increase in plasma phosphorous level was recorded in fluorotic cattle as compared to healthy ones. Marked increase (P ≤ 0.05) in lipid peroxidation whereas decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities was observed in fluorotic cattle as compared to healthy ones.

Urinary and plasma fluoride levels in pregnant women from Mexico City

BackgroundThere is need to assess the developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride. Our knowledge of prenatal fluoride exposure is challenged as few population-based studies have been conducted and these generally date back several decades, provide incomplete data on sociodemographic variables, and have methodological limitations. ObjectiveTo measure urinary and plasma fluoride levels across three time points in pregnant mothers who were enrolled in the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort study. MethodsFluoride levels were characterized in archived urine and plasma from 872 pregnant mothers sampled from the ELEMENT cohort. Various statistical methods were used to analyze the fluoride data with particular consideration for changes across three stages of pregnancy and against sociodemographic variables. ResultsAll samples had detectable levels of fluoride. The mean urinary and plasma fluoride levels were 0.91 and 0.0221mg/L respectively, and these were not statistically different across three stages of pregnancy. Fluoride levels correlated across the stages of pregnancy studied, with stronger correlations between neighboring stages. Urinary fluoride changed as pregnancy progressed with levels increasing until ~23 weeks and then decreasing until the end of pregnancy. For plasma fluoride, there was a decreasing trend but this was not of statistical significance. Creatinine-adjusted urinary fluoride levels did not associate consistently with any of the sociodemographic variables studied. ConclusionsThis study provides the most extensive characterization to date of fluoride exposure throughout pregnancy. These results provide the foundation to explore exposure-related health outcomes in the ELEMENT cohort and other studies.