Planting Of Greenery Research Articles

Some Issues of Urban Environment Restoration (On the Example of the City Service of the Plant for Public Services and Amenities and Planting of Greenery of Osh City)

The article deals with the current problems in planting seedlings of flower crops of the greenhouse economy of the services of the city of Osh. As practice shows, green spaces play a huge role in cleaning the city's air. Based on this, it is necessary to grow healthy, strong seedlings of flower crops, but the task is not easy, because it is known that seedlings often suffer from infectious and non-communicable diseases. Therefore, timely prevention and protective measures will help prevent plant damage or reduce damage if the disease has already manifested itself. The authors conducted laboratory studies and proposed methods of pest control.

Comparative Assessment of the Functional Efficiency of Arboriflora Species Composition in Urban Green Spaces

The article discusses the results of a comprehensive analysis of the ecological state and environment-stabilizing functions of the species composition of arboriflora in the urban planting structure. It’s based on a large amount of factual material obtained during the course of a long-term monitoring of Vladivostok’s urban greenery. A methodological substantiation has been developed for a comprehensive qualitative-quantitative assessment of species using the applied qualimetry techniques. An integral indicator, named the coefficient of the functional efficiency of the species (JFEC) was proposed as the main evaluation unit. It is a relative-quantitative magnitude of plants quality that characterises their functional efficiency and significance in urban ecosystems: prevalence in greenery planting, vitality, the ability for accumulation of the priority pollutant metals in the urban environment, their concentration relative to the local ecological background; the capability for accumulating metals from the soil. Comparative analysis of the functional efficiency of 80 species of trees and shrubs forming the urban greenery of Vladivostok on the basis of the proposed coefficient was carried out. Among the compared sample of plants, the JFEC decreases from 3.70 (Crataegus pinnatifida) to 1.13 (Malus mandshurica). This values measure up to 74 and 23% of the quality standard (QS), which corresponds to the ideal plant species. The groups of species of different functional significance in the urban green spaces structure have been identified. The best efficiency in creating the comfortable environmental conditions in the city was demonstrated by species widespread in landscaping: Fraxinus mandshurica, Ulmus japonica, Betula platyphylla, Physocarpus opulifolia et al. They are characterized by the maximum participation in the formation of the urban greenery structure and a high ability to absorb the main pollutants of the urban environment. The JFEC of these species is within 3.26–2.61, which corresponds to 65–52% of the QS. In conclusion, author makes a suggestion on a rational use of species for the formation of a comfortable urban environment and introduction of the results into the practice of managing the urban green fund.

A project of reconstruction and planting of greenery of private territory is in settlement of Кomyshany

A project of reconstruction and planting of greenery of private territory is in settlement of Кomyshany

Green Areas in the City as an Element of Noise Protection

From the dawn of history, humanity created communication routes in order to move efficiently. Trees were planted along the roads connecting towns and villages so that travellers could rest in their shade. The line of trees also played an informative, strategic and sometimes aesthetic role. Currently, a line of tall vegetation along the street provides shade and relief in cities during hot weather. It is also worth emphasizing that greenery reduces stress factors in large cities. One of the stressors in cities is noise. In an urbanized environment, noise is perceived as unpleasant and bothersome. Appropriate planting of greenery in the city can reduce this phenomenon. The article not only analyses the possibilities of reducing noise through appropriate planting of greenery, but also provides guidelines for the correct design of greenery along streets and at crossroads. It is worth emphasizing here that the correct design of greenery in the vicinity of communication arteries is not only a matter of ethics or landscape legibility, but also a matter of safe use of infrastructure. The article also deals with the issue of legal acts relating to the design of urban greenery. The former and current legal acts contain provisions related to the classification of green areas, their protection and shaping. These regulations apply to various fields (construction, spatial planning, environmental protection) and therefore there are discrepancies in the legal interpretation of this term. All these doubts will be clarified.

The Planting of Greenery for Retaining Walls as a Direction in the Design of Vladivostok

The article the problem of landscaping (greening) retaining walls in Vladivostok is considered. The Vladivostok city is in a territory with a monsoon climate has a difficult relief. Therefore, the city has many high vertical retaining walls that support the formation of terraces and horizontal surfaces. The vertical retaining walls areas in the city are comparable to the area of facades of buildings. These walls are currently mostly not landscaped (greened). Natural colors and texture these walls are not expressive and don’t contribute to the formation of an integral visual environment of the city. It was found that; problem can be solved as a result of an integrated approach with the help of full or partial greening of retaining walls. Here the types and examples of stationary and mobile greening of the Vladivostok city retaining walls are presented. A number of plants that can be used for landscaping urban retaining walls have been identified. The proposed concept contributes to solving local problems of landscaping (greening) individual urban objects. It’s also expands the possibilities of forming for a holistic concept of greening in the Vladivostok.

The State of the Ash-Leaved Maple (Acer negundo L.) in the Barnaul Ribbon Pine Forest

Ash-leaved maple is one of the most aggressive alien species in most Russian regions. It was first brought to the Altai Krai in 1933. For a long time, maple had been used in the urban and village greenery planting and tree belt areas. Nowadays, it is actively settling along riverbanks, roadsides, abandoned lands, etc. Ash-leaved maple is a danger as a transformer species, preventing the pine’s reproduction in the unique natural communities – ribbon pine forests. We studied the state of the Acer negundo L. populations as a transformer species in the Barnaul ribbon pine forest. The maple population status was assessed by the transect method at the selected registration sites. The age of plants was determined by the method of T. A. Rabotnov. The first ordered branches were used for a more detailed characterization of the maple populations. The introduction of maples into the Pinus sylvestris L. communities is associated with a significant anthropogenic impact on the natural communities of the ribbon pine forest. There are pure maple communities formed in some places in the northern part of the ribbon pine forest. Throughout the Barnaul ribbon pine forest, the maple populations are normal and invasive only in the south part. The first-ordered maple branches in the southern part of the ribbon pine forest have signs of apex change associated with adverse ecological factors. The development indicators of maple trees along the entire ribbon pine forest were evaluated for the first time. The results indicate the high adaptability of maple to various ecological factors.

Mental image of planting of greenery and improvement of microdistricts of the city of Brest by its citizens

The article is devoted to the issues of studying the mental perception planting of greenery and improvement of the city by creating mental maps. The development and creation of mental maps allows you to see the opinion of urban residents about the state and main problem situations of various components of the urban environment. The study of the mental perception of planting of greenery and improvement of the city was carried out on the example of Brest at the level of its microdistrict. There are 17 microdistricts in the city, which are quite different from each other in terms of area, configuration and population. The study was carried out on the basis of a questionnaire survey of the population of its individual microdistrict. The majority of the city's residents consider Brest a fairly green city. The greenest microdistrict are named by the majority of respondents as Center and East. The majority of respondents believe that their microdistrictis greened more than others, or it is green well, but the plantings are not well-groomed. Inhabitants of the majority of microdistricts believe that the planting of greenery of the territories of their districts does not change. According to residents, the main problematic situations associated with the greening of the city's microdistricts are the presence of old trees, a significant number of trees that are poorly suited for the urban environment. Most often, the residents of Brest are not satisfied with such types of landscaping as green areas, lawns and flower beds. The practical significance of the study is that its results can be claimed at the local administrative level to justify projects of measures aimed at preserving and preventing the degradation of natural and natural-anthropogenic urban geosystems, as well as ensuring sustainable development of the urban environment of Brest.

Creation of planting material for small-leaved linden in the Omsk region

Small-leaved linden occupies the most important place among tree species, being a valuable plant due to its ability to yield nectar. Expanding the growth area of small-leaved linden will allow the local population to increase the production volume of linden honey, which has long been considered the best one. Currently, there is no artificial reforestation of this tree species in the Omsk region, since this tree species is grown in very small quantities in the forest nurseries of the main Forestry Department of the Omsk region, mainly for the purpose of urban planting of greenery. Small-leaved linden has a high decorative value and is therefore used as a park tree for urban planting of greenery in Omsk and for improvement of recreational areas. Many issues of artificial reproduction of small-leaved linden in the conditions of the Omsk region remain unexplored. In places of natural growth, only propagation with young growing trees is of practical value. Seed propagation technology has not been developed for the conditions of the Omsk region. The issue complexity lies in the fact that small-leaved linden has a period of long and deep physiological seed dormancy. The article considers experimental data on the propagation of small-leaved linden by seeds, analyzes parameters of growth and development of seedlings. The heterogeneity of planting material (seedlings) grown from seeds of local origin has been determined. The use of environmentally friendly products to protect and stimulate the growth of seedlings has produced positive results. Preparations Black yeast and Azolen increased the height of seedlings and the diameter of the root neck, and preparations Trichodermin and Elena contributed to the formation of a more powerful root system.

ORGANIZATION OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATIONS IN THE OFFICE CENTERS ARCHITECTURE OVER THE LAST YEARS

Office centers and big office parks with the comfortably organized environment are in a huge demand type of buildings over the last years.
 Research on communication in the architecture of twenty seven “A-class” office buildings in Great Britain, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Estonia, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, and Portugal in years 2017-2019 is based upon these given meanings of a term «social communication»: 1) ... is a process which connects different parts of a social network with one another; 2) ...is a transmission of information, ideas, emotions, in form of signs and symbols.
 Flexible plannings of European office buildings, which can be instantly transformed, according to the company’s needs are best suited with an adhocratic type of organizational culture in Europe.
 This work consists of the analysis of the features of social communications in office centers based on: · social communications between people; · social communications between people and the environment.
 Organization of social communications: 1. External: (“office is a part of a city environment”) A) integration of a building in the city environment by using · restaurant and cafes on bottom floors; · planting of greenery; · patios and transit area spaces; entering zone, rooftop lounge-zones with open access; B) connection with the surrounding panorama by using solid glass facades, which also represents transparency of work processes; C) informing through building design about the company’s work stability with static facades. 2. Internal: A) horizontal (existence of individual space in shared space): “openoffice” system with open and semi-open spaces with constant working zones on the perimeter of the building, negotiation rooms, opened zones for the teamwork and temporary workspaces “touch down”- type; B) vertical: administration zon, talk rooms, shared communicative spaces; 3. A) planned and formal: training room, talk rooms, conference-rooms. B) random and situational: all office spaces (working zones excluded) including stairs and ramps. Office spaces also provide direct and indirect; interpersonal, intergroup and inter-organizational social communication [12].

Urban ornamental plants for sustenance of wild bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)

The aim of our study was to assess the attraction and value of flowering plants at green areas in support and sustenance of wild bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) populations in Kyiv. Study objects were the most common flowering ornamental plants of the city and the wild bees visiting their inflorescence during the vegetation season to collect pollen and feed on nectar. Study was conducted at 16 areas of observation and material collection, which include urban parks, M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, green spaces of residential areas, roadsides, etc. Insects were collected following the standard method of catching individual specimens during spring and summer periods of 2012–2018. Based on the observations, we visualized trophic relations of bees with plants and calculated the biodiversity index of visiting insects for plants. Periodicity of florescence was analyzed using phenological data. Examination of urban green areas revealed ornamental plants that were the most attractive for bees, including more than 35 taxa of 20 families of trees, shrubs and grassy plants. Bees are superiorly attracted to plants of the genera Rudbeckia, Sedum, Gypsophila, Cerasus, Tagetes, Spiraea, Lonicera, Aesculus. There is a succession of plant flowering during spring-summer season, which must be considered while planting of greenery. Certain plant species attract insects at each period of inflorescence period, for example, Prunus, Rhododendron, Crataegus, Aesculus in spring, most of Asteraceae in summer. The diversity of blossoming plants is significantly lower to the end of summer and beginning of fall, coinciding with the decreasing flight activity of wild bees. Overall, the studied ornamental plants not only attract the most common species of wild bees, but also highly specific and rare species such as Bombus argillaceus and Xylocopa valga, protected by the Red Data Book of Ukraine. We found that blossoming green areas, made up by trees, shrubs and herbs ornamental plants, are important for feeding of many species of wild bees and sustaining their populations in urban conditions.

Environmental principles for planting of greenery in settlements of Baikal Siberia

Based on the publications analysis and our own research, the ecological principles are considered, which should form the basis of long-term plans for planting of greenery in settlements in Baikal Siberia and take into account important regional features. The research was conducted using methods of information collection and analysis, which include comparison and systematization of data on the indicated problem. The current general urban plans of towns, which are in open access, as well as urban planning standards for the allocation of functional zones of settlements were studied. The influence of the urban environment on the existence of plants is examined. The problem of invasion of cultivated species as a result of unreasoned planting of greenery and the need to use indigenous species for amenity planting, especially those that are rare and in need of protection, were identified. The conclusion was made that when planting of greenery, one should take into account the florogenetic and phytocoenotic properties of the vegetation cover of the studied territory. Environmental principles of planting of greenery in settlements of Baikal Siberia are proposed as conceptual. Keywords: amenity planting, urban infrastructure, Cisbaikalia, Transbaikalia.

Usage practicability of Acer L. species in landscaping in the central part of Rostov region

Short-lived fast-growing and non-forming dense shadow woody species, more than 60%, dominate in the forestlands and the total mass of landscaping of urbanized territories of Rostov region. Durable species account for less than 18%. At the same time, they are these species that create more comfortable conditions for recreation in the steppe zone due to the dense crown (Teodoronski, 2010). The reasons for such low participation of durable plants in urban planting of greenery are the lack of study of their bioecological potential and adaptation capabilities in an arid region, and the difficulty of planting material culture. The crucial task is bioecological justification of the possibility of expanding biodiversity in landscaping of public objects (parks, squares, avenues, street plantations) and clarification of recommendations to implement landscaping involving species of the Acer L. genus. The aim of the research is a comprehensive assessment of the state of woody species of the Acer L. genus and the development of methods to increase the stability and ornamental durability of maple plantations at the public landscaping sites of Rostov agglomeration. The objects of research were uneven aged plantations with the share of Bosnian maple (Acer platanoides L.) and its spherical form (Acer platanoides "Globosum"), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and silver maple (Acer saccharum) located on the items of landscaping (parks, squares, avenues, streets) of Rostov region. The research revealed that the area of green plantations of Rostov region tends to decrease while the area of urban territory and population has increased by 7.8 and 3.3 times respectively since 1980. The area of landscaping public use plantations with participation of representatives of the Acer L. genus in Rostov region is 11.42 hectares. Among them there are 62.46% at the age of 51 to 80 years old. The participation share of Acer platanoides L. varies between 8.1-10.2, A. pseudoplcitcinus L. 3.0-4.4, specificallyt A. saccharinum L. 0.4-1.7, A. platanoides "Globosum" 1.1-5.4%. В лесных массивах и общей массе озеленения урбанизированных территорий Ростовской области доминируют короткоживущие быстрорастущие и не образующие плотной тени древесные породы в общем количестве более 60%. Долговечные виды составляют менее 18%. В то же время. именно эти виды создают более комфортные условия для отдыха в степной зоне за счет густой кроны (Теодоронский, 2010). Причинами столь низкого участия многолетних растений в городском озеленении являются недостаточная изученность их биоэкологического потенциала и адаптационных возможностей в засушливом регионе, а также сложность выращивания посадочного материала. Важнейшей задачей является биоэкологическое обоснование возможности расширения биоразнообразия при озеленении общественных объектов (парков, скверов, аллей, уличных насаждений)и уточнение рекомендаций по осуществлению озеленения с привлечением видов рода Acer L. Целью исследования является комплексная оценка состояния древесных пород рода Acer L. и разработка методов повышения устойчивости и декоративной долговечности кленовых насаждений на открытых ландшафтных площадках Ростовской агломерации. Объектами исследования являются неравномерные возрастные насаждения клена боснийского (Acer platanoides L.) и его сферической формы (Acer platanoides "Globosum"), клена Платанового (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) и клена серебряного (Acer saccharum), расположенные на объектах озеленения (парки, скверы, проспекты, улицы) Ростовской области. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что площадь зеленых насаждений Ростовской области имеет тенденцию к снижению, а площадь городской территории и населения с 1980 года увеличилась соответственно в 7,8 и 3,3 раза. Площадь озеленения насаждений общественного пользования с участием представителей рода Acer L. в Ростовской области составляет 11,42 га. Среди них 62,46% в возрасте от 51 до 80 лет. Доля участия Acer platanoides L. колеблется в пределах 8.1-10.2, A. pseudoplcitcinus L. 3.0-4.4, в частности A. saccharinum L. 0.4-1.7%, A. platanoides "Globosum" 1.1-5.4%.

Estimating the Impact of the MRT Elevated Railway System on Carbon Reduction in Taichung, Taiwan

Amid rapid global economic development and the threat of global warming, green transportation and related issues have risen to prominence in various countries. In Taiwan in_2009, Taichung was selected as a low-carbon demonstration city, in which energy conservation and carbon reduction would be actively promoted, with the wider aim of developing a green economy and lifestyle. This study explores the carbon-reduction benefits of the MRT elevated railway in the Taichung Metropolitan Area. The railway’s construction has been associated with intensive redevelopment of existing stations, but this process has been unbalanced due to railway physical. Five new stations will also be added, and belt-like spaces at ground level made available for housing and other non-railway-related purposes. Utilizing literature collection and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) research method to explore the factors affecting the efficiency of the MRT, this study reveals that the AHP weights of the main criteria for the escalation of MRT development in Taichung are 0.5833 for green transportation and 0.4167 for green environment; while in the overall ranking of the sub-criteria, the top three evaluation factors are mass transportation (0.31337), greenery planting (0.21832), and green building (0.19444).

Features of creation of the project of reconstruction and planting of greenery of the territories of general educational establishments summary

Features of creation of the project of reconstruction and planting of greenery of the territories of general educational establishments summary

ON THE EXPEDIENCY OF GRANTING TAX EXEMPTIONS IN THE SPHERE OF SETTLEMENTS IMPROVEMENT

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the procedure of provision of economic incentives in the sphere of settlements improvement in the context of elements of development, in particular, the provision of tax privileges. Methodology. The survey is based on the analysis of the elaboration of the regulatory framework in the CIS countries regarding the application of tax privileges to economic entities that take an active part in the sphere of settlements improvement in terms of elements of development. The norms, which provide tax incentives in the Tax Codes of the Republics of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine, are considered. Provided proposals for the improvement of the tax legislation of these countries in the direction of application of tax incentives to natural and legal persons are based on the statement of the need to enhance the ecological component of a settlement, maintain its aesthetic appearance, create comfortable conditions for people living in it. Results. In the course of the investigation of the state policy on waste management in the CIS countries and analysing the modern legal and regulatory framework towards the provision of tax incentives to economic entities, which operate in the sphere of waste management, or towards natural persons, who acts in a private procedure, the necessity to grant them benefits on corporate profit tax, value-added tax, personal income tax, land fees is substantiated. Studying the state and regional policy on planting of greenery on the territory of settlements as an element of improvement, it is justified the necessity to grant tax privileges to enterprises, institutions, organizations, which take an active part in the process of planting by virtue of corporate profit tax, and to allow the use of special tax regimes for the enterprises the main activity of which is cultivation and realization of ornamental plants. It is proposed to consider the possibility to relive economic entities belonging to representatives of small business from payment of property tax for small outdoor amenities. Practical implications. The presented proposals for granting tax exemptions to economic entities that take an active part in the improvement of settlements will contribute to increase of motivation for the promotion of waste sorting, the manufacture of containers, garbage trucks, facilities of waste sorting plants; the intensification of activities on waste recycling and manufacture of products made of secondary raw materials; planting of greenery on the territory of settlements, which will contribute to betterment of the appearance of the settlements, creation of favourable, comfortable conditions for the population, improvement of the ecological situation. Value/originality. The article gives action-oriented proposals to bring modifications to the Tax Codes of the CIS countries towards the simulation of natural and legal persons to invest funds in sanitary clean-up of the territory from domestic waste for the implementation of rational waste management and for actions aimed at waste collecting.

Planting of Greenery in Large Cities of the Baikal Region: Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, Chita and Ulaanbaatar

Planting of Greenery in Large Cities of the Baikal Region: Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, Chita and Ulaanbaatar

The problems of designing a multifunctional courtyard space of high-rise buildings by the example of residential development in Volgograd

The paper considers the issues of designing a modern courtyard space for high-rise buildings in Volgograd to obtain a multifunctional environment through the arrangement of new recreational territories and the search of innovative planning methods for urban landscape design. In professionals’ opinion, the problem concerning the design and construction of recreational zones and greenery planting is very acute for Volgograd, such territories are often absent in many districts of the city. Generally, the decrease in the natural component and a low level of recreational territories improvement are typical for Volgograd. In addition, the problem of designing a modern urban courtyard space for high-rise buildings to obtain a multi-functional environment exists and requires a thorough investigation. The question is if there is a possibility to solve these difficult tasks by means of local design methods only or whether there should be a complex approach at the stage of the formation of master plans for modern residential areas and which modern design methods can ensure the creation of a courtyard space as a multi-functional environment. These questions as well as some other ones will be the topic of our paper.

Morphology –anatomical characteristic of Murraya exotica L. plant leaves of different age conditions

The aim of research was to reveal the morphology-anatomical features of leaf blade structure of the different age conditions of Murraya exotica.The study of morphology-anatomical signs of plants of the different age conditions is important at determination of effectiveness of the variety introduction in new ecological conditions and favors the spread of assortment of resistant plants for the use in greenery planting. Most tropical and subtropical plants have not been studied yet, although they are a source of greenery planting and useful properties.The object of research is Murraya exotica L. from Rutaceae Lindl family.Morphology-anatomical, comparative and ontogenetic methods were used in this research.According to the results of research, the differences of leaf blade of juvenile and adult plants were established in both morphological and anatomical structure. Leaves in juvenile plants of the studied variety differ by form and sizes. Micromorphological studies revealed that leaves of the studied variety are anisostomatic in all age conditions, the number of stomas changes with leaf age. At ontogenesis the changes take place in the anatomical structure of leaf blade (epidermis and parenchyma thickness).Conclusions. According to the results of researches, it was established, that Murraya exotica plants in juvenile condition differ from adult ones by leaf form and sizes. The number of stomas in sight, leaf and epidermis thickness at ontogenesis grows from the sprout stage to generative plants. The thickness of columnar parenchyma considerably grows. The gardening coefficient grows in correspondence with age that indicates the more resistance of generative plants to cultivation conditions

The history of the planting of greenery in the interiors from the beginning to the twentieth century for further use in the design-projection

The history of the planting of greenery in the interiors from the beginning to the twentieth century for further use in the design-projection

Seed quality indeces of Tilia under environment pollution conditions caused by Prydniprovska TPP emissions, Dnipro city

The problem of full seed is one of the major issues of reproductive biology of plants. The gap between potential and real seed production, which is constantly observed in nature, becomes dramatically evident in terms of the extreme growth terms. This issue became relevantin connection with the growth of environmental pollution caused by technogenic influence. This paper discusses the research results obtained while analysing the effect that emissions, produced by Prydniprovska TPP (Dnipro, Ukraine), have on Tilia genus seed quality indices. The research objects were Tilia platyphyllos Scop., T. europaea L. and T. cordata Mill. The samples were taken in October of 2016 in the two sites of the monitoring coverage: the test area was the tree plantation adjacent to the Prydniprovska TPP (the main toxic substanceswere NOx, SO2, CO, solid impurities) in the city of Dnipro, Ukraine; the reference area was the Botanical Garden of Oles’ Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University.In terms of the industrial site, there is the decrease of seed viability in all the examined representatives of Tilia genus. Moreover, the indices of the seed fullness and 1,000 seed weight went down in the two species (T. cordata and T. platyphyllos). The research demonstrated the difference in the sensitivity of the reproductive systems of the research objects to technogenic exposure. Thus, T. cordata seeds appear to be the most vulnerable, while the seeds of T. platyphyllos and T. europaea remain the most tolerant to it. Recommendations are suggested to use the species of Tilia genus in planting of greenery in the inductrial zonez of the steppe Pryniprovya.