Development Of Plant Physiology Research Articles

The Effect of Low Temperature Stress on Plant Physiological Development

Temperature is the most important factor affecting plant growth, development, and metabolic processes, which has significant theoretical value and practical significance for studying the physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants under temperature stress. The damage of low temperature to plants is caused by dehydration caused by extracellular ice formation, or by apoptosis caused by intracellular ice formation. This article mainly discusses the cold resistance of plants from several aspects, including lipid membrane peroxidation, osmotic regulation products, plant growth and development products, and antioxidant enzyme systems.

Роль перших університетів України в розвитку фізіологічних досліджень росту та рухів у рослин

Information about contribution at scientists of first Ukrainian Universities into development of plant physiology and biochemistry is presented. Special attention is paid to studies of plant growth and movement as a basis for formation of Kholodny-Went phytohormonal tropisms theory. Keywords: Ukrainian Universities, science history, phytophysiology, growth, movement in plants.

Seasonal History and Damage Caused by Neurocolpus nubilus (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Cotton in Northern Mississippi

Adult clouded plant bugs, Neurocolpus nubilus (Say), were caged for 2 d on individual cotton plants ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) during two stages of plant physiological development. Regression analyses of number of plant fruiting structures and yield on insect densities indicated that feeding by N. nubilus at the peak squaring period caused shedding of small pinhead squares and delayed crop maturation, although with no significant effects on total yield. The effects of N. nubilus feeding were less apparent at boll maturation. Observations of cotton fields with a history of N. nubilus infestations and analysis of data collected by the Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service in northern Mississippi indicated that N. nubilus overwinters in the egg stage, develops its population on several host plants, and moves to cotton during late season, when cotton is less susceptible to its damage.

Sowing the Seeds of Agricultural Research

K enneth Thimann, now professor emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz, has had an important influence on the development of plant physiology. A pioneer in the field of plant hormones, Thimann was a key member of the research team that identified and first synthesized indoleacetic acid, a hormone (auxin) regulating plant growth. He currently is investigating the mechanisms that control plant aging. Throughout his career, Thimann has been interested in the agricultural implications of basic research in plant science. His concern with feeding the world's growing population is highlighted in this interview.

The Development of Plant Physiology in Australia.

Historical Records of Australian Science publishes peer-reviewed articles and book reviews on the history of science and scientists in Australia and the southwest Pacific, biographical memoirs of deceased Fellows of the Academy, and an annual bibliography of the history of Australian science

Development of Plant Physiology

Annual Review of Plant Physiology Daniel I. Arnon (Editor), and Leonard Machlis (Associate Editor). Vol. 1. Pp. x + 364. (Stanford, Calif.: Annual Reviews, Inc.; London: H. K. Lewis and Co., Ltd., 1950.) 6 dollars.

Ludwig Jost, 1865 - 1947

With the death in 1947 of Ludwig Jost botanical science lost one who had played a notable part in its development during the last half century. Best known for his textbook of plant physiology, a masterly survey of the subject and widely used, he exercised also a great influence on the development of plant physiology by his critical reviews, in theBotanische Zeitungand later in theZeitschrift für Botanik, which were eagerly read by a whole generation of botanists. That Jost’s experimental work brought him less renown is due in part to his habit of devoting himself to topics where his textbook survey had found gaps in knowledge he wished to fill, a devotion that often led him to take up difficult tasks not readily attempted by others. An experimenter of high intelligence and manual skill he made contributions of fine quality in many fields of plant physiology and experimental morphology. Jost impressed younger botanists by his personal dignity and wisdom combined with a lively temperament. To discuss with him a problem, e.g. of irritability, then a topic of general interest, or the meaning and bearing of a biological term, was a pleasant experience. Professor M. Skene of Bristol, probably his only British pupil, remembers the atmosphere of Jost’s Strassburg laboratory in 1910-1911 as very friendly and intimate, owing to the professor’s warm personality (personal letter). ‘It would be incorrect’, Skene writes, ‘to say that Jost was hospitable to the foreigners, for we were not foreigners to him. He was always about the laboratory, a benevolent figure, ever ready with advice, encouragement and criticism. The critical character of his mind had a deep influence on us all, as had his unquestioning devotion to his science. His authority as a teacher and scientist—he was an admirable and finished lecturer and, of course, his book is a classic of clarity—dominated us; but there was no other sort of domination.’ Jost’s greatest ambition had been fulfilled when in 1907 he succeeded Solms in his beloved Strassburg Institute and his despondency was the greater when in 1918, with the return of Alsace to France, he had to leave that post. The loss of his only son in the First World War was another heavy blow, as was the death of his former pupil, afterwards his dear friend and collaborator, Hans Kniep. Jost lived on to see his country’s decline under Nazi rule which he resisted as far as he could.

Plant Physiology as Sachs Found It

Julius von Sachs, in whose honor this celebration is held, began his work at a strategic time in the development of plant physiology. The foundational sciences of chemistry and physics had emerged from the restraints imposed upon them by the spirit of the Middle Ages and the bases for many of the modern concepts had been laid. Since the development of modern plant physiology was necessarily dependent upon a scientific understanding of the laws of physics and chemistry the best that could be expected of primitive biological studies was an accurate description of the apparent reactions of organisms. Although the ancients, including the most noted of the philosophers, had a modicum of essentially correct concepts of animal physiology, because of the subjective element in human physiology they failed, due to the objective character of plants, in understanding even as much concerning them as they knew of animals. The nutritional dependence of plants upon their environment, together with a realization that some method of transfer of materials in the plant is necessary, the obvious importance of seeds in the continuity of life and certain empirical observations upon apparent values of certain fertilizing materials-these constituted essentially the stock in trade of the ancients. Later, analogies between the better-known activities of animals, especially of the human body, and the supposed reactions of plants resulted in the accumulation of certain hypotheses which, although unsupported by experiments or adequate observation, have in some instances more recently been demonstrated as correct. These, however, were scarcely more than lucky guesses. It is true, nevertheless, that progress in animal physiology has often been of great value in suggesting profitable lines of investigation