Planful Problem Solving Research Articles

PERBEDAAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKNA MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT DAN TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in students' mathematical problem-solving abilities taught by using the TGT and STAD cooperative learning models in the tangent circle material in class VIII MTs. Muallimin UNIVA Medan. This type of research is quantitative research, with the type of quasi-experimental research. The population is all students of class VIII MTs. Muallimin UNIVA Medan T.P 2015/2016. The sample in this study was class VIII-A and class VIII-B. Data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation, documentation, and tests. Data analysis was performed with One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). These findings indicate: 1) The mathematical problem solving abilities of students in class VIII A who are taught using the TGT cooperative learning model have fulfilled their mastery of learning in understanding problems, planning problem solving and implementing problem solving plans; 2) The mathematical problem solving abilities of students in class VIII B who are taught using the STAD cooperative learning model have fulfilled their mastery of learning in understanding the problem; 3) There are differences in students' mathematical problem solving abilities taught using the TGT cooperative learning model better than the STAD type in the tangent circle material in class VIII MTs. Muallimin UNIVA Medan.

Analysis of Student's Mathematic Communication Ability in Solving Problems of Pattern Procedures in Pythagoras Theorem

This study aims at knowing and describing students' mathematical communication skills in problem-solving on Pythagorean theorem material based on Polya's procedure. The Polya's problem-solving phase consists of the stage of understanding problems, planning problem solving, implementing problem-solving plans, and re-examining. The subject of this study were 6 students from eighth-grade of Junior High School which was selected based on good, sufficient, and poor mathematical communication criteria. Moreover, this study employed a descriptive qualitative method where the data was collected by using a test and interview. The results of the study revealed that the students with good mathematical communication capabilities criteria were able to solve the problems based on Polya's procedure. Meanwhile, students with sufficient criteria of mathematical communication capability unable to solve the problem based on Polya's procedure at the stage of making plans by altering mathematical information in the form of picture, students did not realize the need for design actions first, students just go ahead and didn 't see the results of completion that have been made. Additionally, students with poor mathematical communication capabilities were unable to solve the problems based on Polya's procedure, students were not meet at the stage of making plans by changing mathematical information in the form of picture, making plans by using and selecting mathematical information or images to solve the problems, and the students did not look back at the completed results.

Persepsi Guru Paud tentang Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) pada Anak Usia Prasekolah (3-6 Tahun)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a child who experiences obstacles in focusing attention, this condition is known as a hyperactive child term. PAUD teachers play an important role in ADHD child detection efforts, as teachers are often the first to see if their students have a keen behavioral difference when compared to other students. The study aims to get an overview of the Paud Teacher's perception of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in preschool-aged children (3-6 years). This research uses qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach. Data was obtained with an in-depth interview of 4 participants using the purposive sampling technique. The analysis used in this research is Colaizzi Analysis 7 step process. The results of the study getting five themes are facing the problem of ADHD children, planning problem solving, seeking support facing ADHD children, taking a positive meaning and accepting responsibility. Based on this research, it can be concluded that to optimize the child's growth, a teacher provides a special education in the form of wholeheartedly educating, patiently facing the child and giving more attention.

Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction and Coping Between Male and Female Intensive Care Unit Nurses

This study is anon-experimental, descriptive, co-relational design to examine the extent to which there is a relationship between Compassion fatigue and Compassion satisfaction with coping between Male and Female Intensive Care Unit Nurses. A convenience sample of 148 participants with 53 males and 95 females responded to the survey. The snow ball technique of non-probability sampling was used. The tools used to study the variables are the Professional Quality of Life Scale (proQOL) by Stamm (2012) and Ways of Coping Questionnaire by (Lazarus & Folkman, 1988). Inferential statistics comprising of the two tailed t-test and Pearson's correlation test were considered for analysis. The results were further analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22). The study found no statistical significance between males and females on both compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue dimension and with both the groups securing low scores on all three dimensions. The results from the correlational analysis indicated that Compassion satisfaction showed a significant relationship with selfcontrolling, positive reappraisal, seeking social support, accepting responsibility and plan ful problem solving. Burnout showed a significant correlation with escape avoidance, plan ful problem solving and positive reappraisal. Secondary traumatic stress had a statistical relationship with Confrontive coping, distancing, self-controlling, seeking social support, accepting responsibility and escape-avoidance.

The Effect Mathematics Disposition of Vocational High School Students on Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability

Problem-solving ability is a basic skill of the 21st century. The problem-solving ability of each individual is not only about the result assessed but also their attitude in the problem-solving process. The attitude here is a mathematical disposition. This research used descriptive qualitative analysis to determine and describe the extent to wich the indicators of mathematical problem-solving abilities have been achieved and to determine the level of the students’ mathematical disposition categories. Sampling was conducted by utilizing purposive sampling technique and obtained three subjects from the eleventh-grade students of SMK Muhammadiyah Salatiga. There were two instruments used in this research there are a mathematical problem-solving ability test and a mathematical disposition questionnaire. The validity of the data used was the data triangulation method. Results showed that student in the high mathematical disposition category is able to carry out all of Polya’s problem-solving stages. Student in the moderate mathematical disposition category can carry out the stages of understanding the problem, devising the problem-solving plan and carrying out the paln. In addition, student in the low mathematical disposition category can carry out the stage of understanding the problem.

Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Adaptasi Makhluk Hidup dengan Lingkungannya pada Siswa Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

One of the 21st century skills that students need to master is problem solving skills. The purpose of this study was to describe the problem solving abilities of fifth grade Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students in science subjects based on Polya rules. This research is a descriptive quantitative research involving 30 grade V students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah 01 Ciasmara Pamijahan, Bogor Regency in the 2019/2020 academic year who were taken by purposive sampling. This research instrument is a test of problem-solving ability on environmental pollution material which contains 20 question items. The data processing technique was carried out descriptively by calculating the mean and percentage of each item to obtain a description of the student's problem-solving abilities based on Polya's rules. The results of this study indicate that (1) the average problem-solving ability of students in the aspect of understanding the problem is 82.43%, categorized as very good; (2) the average student's problem-solving ability in the aspect of making problem-solving plans was 53.84%, categorized as sufficient; (3) the average student's problem-solving ability in the aspect of implementing the problem-solving plan was 75%, categorized as good; (4) the average student's problem-solving ability at re-checking the solution was 39.42% in the poor category. So it can be concluded that the problem solving of class V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students on environmental pollution material based on Polya's rules is in the good category with an average percentage of 65%.
 Keywords:

Reflective thinking process of students in completing mathematical problems based on mathematical reasoning ability

This research aimed to describe the reflective thinking process of eighth-grade students of junior high schools in solving mathematical problems of circle material based on mathematical reasoning. It was a qualitative descriptive with a case study approach. There were 6 subjects selected by using purposive sampling technique based on mathematical reasoning levels. The methods used were test, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results showed that students with high mathematical reasoning level were able to fulfill all indicators of the reflective thinking process including identifying facts and questions, explaining the operations to be chosen, carrying out plans, and giving logical conclusions with indicators students wrote the correct final answers based on the order of the previous problem solving process; students with medium mathematical reasoning fulfilled two to three indicators of identifying facts and questions, explaining the operations to be chosen, carrying out a problem-solving plan; students with low mathematical reasoning fulfilled an indicator of identifying facts and questions; students tend to experience errors in the calculation aspects, lack of students’ prior knowledge, understanding, and mathematical attitude. It was concluded that there is a connection between problem solving and mathematical reasoning with reflective thinking ability of students. It have implications for teachers to condition mathematics learning by paying attention to students’ thinking skills.

Symbol Sense of Mathematics Students in Solving Algebra Problems

Symbol sense is a sensibility or mastery of someone against the use of symbols and an understanding of the situation when symbols can be used. This study attempts to describe the extent to which the use of symbol sense students STKIP Muhammadiyah Sampit to solve the algebra problem based on the steps of Polya’s problem-solving. The results showed that understanding the problem step of students in the first semester was still less able to relate the symbol to the problem that given, and the students still used words instead of symbols in understanding the problem. Then the third-semester students have fulfilled all the indicators of symbol sense. Furthermore, fifth-semester students are less precise in writing symbols according to their meaning in the problem. Steps of planning the problem solving all students can use the symbol sense properly. Then in the step of implementing the problem-solving plan, students in the third and fifth semesters can fulfill all the indicators symbol sense to the maximum. However, first semester students bring up or make some new symbols to solve problems. Steps of looking back at the problem solving has been obtained, all students meet all the symbol indicators well. So, the first semester students are still lacking in using their symbol sense in solving algebra problems.

Fostering a Wildlife-Friendly Program for Sustainable Coffee Farming: The Case of Small-Holder Farmers in Indonesia

There is an urgent need for a global transition to sustainable and wildlife-friendly farming systems that provide social and economic equity and protect ecosystem services on which agriculture depends. Java is home to 60% of Indonesia’s population and harbors many endemic species; thus, managing agriculture alongside human well-being and biodiversity is vital. Within a community of ~400 coffee farmers in the province of West Java, we assessed the steps to develop a wildlife-friendly program until reaching certification between February 2019 and October 2020. We adopted an adaptive management approach that included developing common objectives through a process of stakeholder consultation and co-learning. We firstly investigated via interviews the expectations and the issues encountered by 25 farmers who converted to organic production in 2016. Their main expectations were an increase in income and an increase in coffee quality, while they had issues mainly in finding high quality fertilizers, reducing pests, and increasing productivity. We used this information to establish a problem-solving plan for the transition to community-wide wildlife-friendly practices. As part of the adaptive evaluation, we assessed the quality of coffee plantations before and after the implementation of coproduced actions. The quality of coffee significantly improved after our interventions to reduce the coffee berry borer, especially in the fields that started as inorganic and converted to organic. We uncovered additional issues to meet the standards for certification, including banning hunting and trapping activities and increasing coffee quality for international export. We describe the coproduced actions (agroforestry, conservation education, local law, organic alternatives) and phases of the program and discuss the potential barriers. We provide novel evidence of adaptive management framework successfully used to implement management actions and reach shared goals.

Subjective Appraisal and Orientations in Difficult Life Situations as Predictors of Coping Strategies.

Many studies have shown that problem-focused coping and a positive reappraisal of one's situation are the most conducive to achieving life goals and psychological well-being, whereas avoidance coping and self-blame have a negative impact on well-being. But there is not enough data on what the predictors of these coping strategies are in the situational context. To assess the combined influence of subjective appraisal (uncontrollability, unclearness, negative emotions) and orientations in difficult situations (by drive and rejection) on planful problem solving, positive reappraisal, wishful thinking (fantasizing), and self-blame. The research has a survey design. The sample consisted of 637 adult participants who analyzed difficult situations in their lives associated with achieving significant life goals of various types (N = 637; 60% female; Mage = 24.2; SD = 6.25). Two alternative structural models were assessed, which include subjective appraisals of the situation (uncontrollability, unclearness, intensity of negative emotions), orientations in difficult situations (drive and rejection), and ways of coping (planful problem-solving, positive reappraisal, wishful thinking, and self-blame). The first model, in which all cognitive appraisals and orientations in difficult situations directly influence coping strategies, has relatively low fit indices. The second model, in which the influence of cognitive appraisal was partially mediated by orientations in difficult situations, has better fit indices. In life situations involving solution of a difficult task, the strongest predictor of problem-focused coping and positive reappraisal is the "drive" orientation of being attracted to difficulties, which mediates the influence of subjective control and emotions on these ways of coping. An orientation away from difficulties, "rejection," mediates the influence of unclearness and negative emotions on fantasizing and self-blame. A low level of subjective control directly affects self-blame and the avoidance of problem-solving. Negative emotions are a weak predictor of self-blame. Interaction between the subject and the situation involves appraisal of difficulty, which influences orientation in difficult situations. In turn, orientations are predictors of coping strategies. The characteristics of the psychological situation determine coping, which may be oriented toward approach to or avoidance of the goal.

A Cross-sectional Study on Coping Styles and Suicidal Intent among Young Adult Suicide Attempters at a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala, India

Introduction: Suicide attempts in young adults have grown exponentially across the globe in the last three decades. Suicide is one of the most common cause of death among young adults worldwide. The studies on the coping styles influencing suicidal intent among young adult suicide attempters are few from the Indian context. Young adults are of utmost importance in any nation and interventions for suicide prevention have to be undertaken at different levels. Aim: To estimate the coping styles and suicidal intent among young adult suicide attempters and to assess the various coping styles associated with the suicidal intent. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which was carried out at the Suicide Prevention Clinic of the Department of Psychiatry at a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala, India over a period of one year from October 2015 to September 2016. The consecutive 160 young adult suicide attempters were interviewed. Beck’s Suicide Intent Scale was used to assess the severity of suicide attempts. The coping styles of the participants were assessed using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire-Revised (WCQ-R) Scale. Statistical significance of socio-demographic factors, suicidal intent and coping styles were assessed by Independent Student t-test and One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The correlation between the severity of suicidal intent and the coping styles were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The mean age of the participants were 21.75±2.69 years. The sample consisted of 72 (45%) males and 88 (55%) females. Out of the 160 participants, 50 (31.2%) had low suicidal intent, 71 (44.4%) had medium suicidal intent and 39 (24.4%) had high suicidal intent. The present study found that all the coping strategies except the escape avoidance and positive reappraisal are having significant association with the severity of suicidal intent with p<0.05. This study also found that seeking social support (r=-0.284, p<0.001), accepting responsibility (r=-0.344, p<0.001) and planned problem solving (r=-0.333, p<0.001) were coping styles which have a protective role in preventing suicidal behaviour by reducing the suicidal intent. Conclusion: This study had found significant correlation between the various coping styles and suicidal intent among the young adult suicide attempters in Kerala. The present study also found significant association between previous suicide attempt and co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis with the coping scores.

The Use of a Creative Problem Solving Based Genetic Mutation Module in Higher Education

The creative problem solving (CPS) based on genetic mutation module provides students with an opportunity to identify problems, design a problem-solving plan, choose the right path, and effectively evaluate the solution. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of CPS-based genetic mutation module to improve problem-solving skills in undergraduate students of biological education. Furthermore, the CPS module was developed on the basis of research and development (R&D) according to the Borg and Gall method and presented as a mutation module for genetic material. A group pre-test and post-test design was applied by undergraduate students of biological education at the university of Sebelas Maret in Surakarta using random sampling techniques. A total of 17 students from 5th semester were accepted as participants and treated for pre-test and post-test. The instruments used for the collection of data was an essay test design based on Polya's indicators of problem-solving skills. In addition, this module was considered as an advantage in using large database storage technologies such as NCBI and ExPASy in order to solve the problem-solving process. The application of the module has been shown to be effective in improving students' problem solving skills from a very low to a moderately high level.

PROSES BERPIKIR SISWA SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA MATERI FUNGSI DITINJAU DARI PERBEDAAN JENIS KELAMIN

Education is basically an effort to provide certain knowledge and expertise to develop one’s potential due to advance in science and technology. In the 2013 curriculum, mathematics learning teaches students to think logically and be able to think creatively to solve mathematical problems. In learning mathematics and solving mathematical problems, students do the thinking process. The thought process is a process that begins with receiving data, processing, drawing conclusions and recalling that information from students memories. This type of research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach that aims to describe the thinking process of junior high school students in solving mathematical problems of material functions in terms of gender differences. The data collection methods in this study through written tests and interviews. The subject of this study was conducted on two students, namely one female student who had an equivalent high mathematical ability. The result of this study indicate that there are differences in the thinking processes of male students and female students. There are diffrences in the thinking process of male students and female students in understanding problems with indicators of translating problems into mathematical language, male students by experimenting, while female students by writing mathematical language from what is known. Furthermore, in planning problem solving activities with indicators determining the completion plan carried out, male students directly apply what is known, while female students in a gradual way from what is known then determine the steps for the solution. 
 Keywords: Thinking process, gender, mathematical problems, material function, gender differences

STRATEGI KOPING SISWA DALAM MENGHADAPI STRES AKADEMIK DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19

Academic stress is a condition due to an imbalance of the desired situation with the physiological, psychological, and social system of students, so the problem of academic stress must be resolved immediately. This study aims to determine the causal factors and students’ strategies in reducing the threat that burdens them due to stress in the Covid-19 pandemic era. The research subjects were three students of class XII. The results of this study indicate that the three students have similar coping strategies. Problem focused coping are manifested through planful problem solving and seeking social support. While emotion focused coping through positive reappraisal and self control. Then, the researchers identified another form of coping strategy in one of the subjects, namely religious coping in the form of tawakal and qanaah.Keywords: academic stress; coping strategy; Covid-19; high school student

Pendekatan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika pada Materi Matriks

The purpose of this research is to describe a mathematical problem-solving approach to the matrix material. This type of research is qualitative research using library research methods. Data collection techniques by identifying from books, articles, journals, papers, and various information related to mathematical problem-solving approaches to the matrix material. The results showed: (1) the students' way of understanding the problem of types of matrices, calculation operations on matrices, determinants, and inverses; (2) the way students make plans for solving problems with the types of matrices, calculation operations on matrices, determinants, and inverses; (3) the way students carry out the problem-solving plan types of matrices, count operations on the matrix, determinants, and inverses; and (4) how to recheck the results from solving the matrix types, count operations on the matrix, determinants, and inverse.

Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Adaptasi Makhluk Hidup dengan Lingkungannya pada Siswa Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

One of the 21st century skills that students need to master is problem solving skills. The purpose of this study was to describe the problem solving abilities of fifth grade Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students in science subjects based on Polya rules. This research is a descriptive quantitative research involving 30 grade V students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah 01 Ciasmara Pamijahan, Bogor Regency in the 2019/2020 academic year who were taken by purposive sampling. This research instrument is a test of problem-solving ability on environmental pollution material which contains 20 question items. The data processing technique was carried out descriptively by calculating the mean and percentage of each item to obtain a description of the student's problem-solving abilities based on Polya's rules. The results of this study indicate that (1) the average problem-solving ability of students in the aspect of understanding the problem is 82.43%, categorized as very good; (2) the average student's problem-solving ability in the aspect of making problem-solving plans was 53.84%, categorized as sufficient; (3) the average student's problem-solving ability in the aspect of implementing the problem-solving plan was 75%, categorized as good; (4) the average student's problem-solving ability at re-checking the solution was 39.42% in the poor category. So it can be concluded that the problem solving of class V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students on environmental pollution material based on Polya's rules is in the good category with an average percentage of 65%.

Vascular applications of ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and pelvis.

Ferumoxytol is an injectable ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide that has been gaining interest regarding its off-label use as an intravenous contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to its large particle size, its use with MRI produces exquisite images of blood vessels with little background contamination or parenchymal enhancement of the abdominopelvic organs, except for the liver and spleen. Because ferumoxytol is neither an iodinated nor a gadolinium-based contrast agent, there are no restrictions for its use in patients with poor renal function. This article will highlight normal features in ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI in the abdomen and pelvis as well as its applications in evaluating vascular pathology, presurgical planning, and other problem solving.

How adoption of coping behaviors determines construction workers’ safety: A quantitative and qualitative investigation

Safety problems have long been prominent in the construction industry, with huge numbers of injuries and fatal incidents annually among construction workers. Construction workers also suffer high levels of stress, and unmanageable stress can lead to problems of reduced safety. Although coping behaviors are the key in the stress management process, little research has been conducted to investigate the effect of coping behaviors on construction workers’ stress and safety. The current study applied mixed research methods to fill this research gap. Over three hundred construction workers participated in a questionnaire survey, and another 24 were interviewed. Using methodological research triangulation, a Coping Behaviors–Stress–Safety model was established for construction workers, which demonstrated that 1) different types of problem-focused coping behaviors have varying effects on construction workers’ stress, with proactive coping reducing but confrontive coping escalating their stress; 2) three out of four emotion-focused behaviors consistently spur emotional and physical stress in construction workers; 3) seeking emotional support behaviors were found to not affect the workers’ stress and safety; 4) higher levels of stress could promote safety incompliance; and 5) the adoption of proactive coping and planful problem-solving could directly improve construction workers’ safety participation, while avoidance behavior triggers safety incompliance. Practical recommendations are made to facilitate the adoption of effective coping behaviors by construction workers, including team-building exercises, safety empowerment and stress management programs. The findings could enhance our understanding of stress management and imply an alternative way to improve health and safety in the construction industry.

Coping with ageing in rural Australia.

Ageing is a time of change that might involve financial, health and social losses. To maintain well-being, older people need to engage a range of resources to cope with these losses. However, national policies mainly focus on financial resources. This study used Folkman and Lazarus's transactional theory to identify coping methods engaged by older adults living in three rural communities. A qualitative research design was undertaken using an ethnographic case study approach. Three rural communities within northern Australia. Older Australians aged 65 or over, living in their own homes. Exploration of techniques that older adults use to cope with ageing (including both problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies). People in rural areas planned their ageing journey using both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies, to deal with the uncertainties of ageing. When participants could control the event, problem-focused coping strategies were mainly such as used seeking social support and planful problem-solving. Conversely, emotion-focused strategies were used to deal with uncertainty and emotive issues such as health decline, and the possibility of needing future care. There is a need for health community workers to encourage older people to consider initiating a discussion of future care needs with their social network. This is of particular importance in rural areas, which have larger numbers of older residents and limited resources to support ageing in place.

An Investigation of Coping Strategies Used by College Students With Intellectual Disability

Abstract Attending college can lead to many benefits including better outcomes in adult life for college graduates. This concept is applicable to all students, including students with intellectual disability who are attending institutions of higher education programs to refine social, academic, employment, and independent living skills. Similar to their typical peers, students with intellectual disability enrolled in postsecondary education programs endure levels of stress that result in the application of coping strategies necessary to navigate various social domains of college life, including romantic relationships, friendships, roommate relationships, and social media interactions. The present study utilizes survey and interview data to examine which coping strategies are used by college students with mild intellectual disability. When faced with stressful situations, almost one-third of study participants chose Planful Problem Solving as their first choice coping strategy in the Romantic domain, and almost half of respondents used it to deal with stressful situations related to Friendships. More than a third of college students with intellectual disability chose Confrontive Coping as their preferred strategy in the Roommate and Social Media domains. Findings are consistent with previous research, which suggests that young adults with intellectual disability use Problem-Focused strategies most frequently when dealing with stressful situations. Implications for research and practice are also presented and discussed.