Planning Unit Research Articles

The Zooarchaeology of an Iberian Medieval Jewish Community: The Castle of Lorca (Murcia, Spain)

ABSTRACTArchaeological excavations at the castle of Lorca (Murcia, Spain) led to the identification of part of the Jewish district of the town. This area, occupied between the 14th and 15th centuries, represents a unique example of a medieval frontier Jewish quarter defined by complex urban planning, a synagogue, and various domestic units. Archaeological work allowed the recovery of a large number of animal remains. This paper deals with the results of the zooarchaeological study of this archaeofaunal assemblage, aiming to shed light on the ways in which animals were exploited, distributed, prepared and consumed by medieval Jewish population of Lorca. The results reveal a model of animal economy centered on the exploitation of caprines (sheep/goat) and, to a lesser extent, cattle, chickens and other secondary species, although the presence of non‐kosher species such as pigs and rabbit is noteworthy. The identification of butchery marks attributed to the porging of the hindquarters of caprines, a practice typical of medieval Jewish communities, represents a marker of ethno‐religious identity of great historical interest.

Enhancing Digital Financial Advisory Skills through Video-based Presentation Assessments

In this study, we investigate whether video-based Statement of Advice (SOA) assessments can help students effectively develop the advisory knowledge and skills required by the financial services industry. Eleven students enrolled in an undergraduate financial planning unit participated in this pilot study. Five students completed a written SOA assessment, while six students completed a video-based SOA assessment. The initial results show that the video SOA group outperformed the written SOA group in conceptual knowledge, communication skills, and presentation skills. However, these differences were not statistically significant. While video-based SOA assessments appear to be a promising approach for developing students' digital financial advisory skills, the small sample size in this pilot study limits our ability to draw statistically robust conclusions. Future research with larger sample sizes is needed to validate these findings and explore students' perceptions of and attitudes toward the use of video-based assessments in delivering financial advice.

A doubly stochastic point process approach for spatio-temporal dynamics of crime data

Crime, in general, is at the base of crucial issues for many societies living in large cities worldwide. Indeed, crime and neighbourhood disorder may negatively impact the health of urban residents. Thus, the crime rate reduction is at the core of many local policies driven by active plans supported by police action and local authorities. Considering crime reports as a spatio-temporal point pattern, we propose spatio-temporal log-Gaussian Cox processes as a modelling framework for crimes in space and time. We model the spatial and temporal variation through generalized parametric additive and linear models, and a Gaussian space-time process approximates the residual variation. The inference is performed via Markov chain Monte Carlo through MALA algorithms. We provide short-term forecasts of future crimes and suggest a surveillance system that operates by reporting predictive probabilities. Our data come from the reported crimes in the locality of Kennedy (Bogota) over several years and several types of crimes. The police department may use our method to help allocate police resources and design crime prevention strategies and policies, such as surveillance, in specific zonal planning units.

The Impact of Taxation on the Cost of Living: A Comprehensive Analysis

This study examines the taxation-related factors affecting Malaysia's cost of living. The rising cost of living, a persistent issue in economics and social well-being, is often linked to global challenges faced by emerging nations. Direct tax has been identified as a primary contributor to the financial strain on households, who must manage various essentials beyond food, clothing, and shelter, such as education, cellular services, and transportation. The study analyzes the relationship between seven independent variables—direct tax, unemployment rate, exchange rate, household consumption expenditure, house price index, subsidies, and net trade—and the cost of living in Malaysia, using 30 years of annual data (1992-2022) with EViews for econometric analysis. This study uses descriptive statistical analysis for the description of data, coefficient matrix analysis and regression analysis for determining the impact of dependent and independent variables. The findings show that the cost-of-living pressures are positively correlated with direct tax, housing price index, and net trade. Data was sourced from the National Property Information Centre (NAPIC), the World Bank, and the Economic Planning Unit (EPU). The analysis underscores the significant impact of direct tax on the cost of living. To mitigate this impact, governments could implement fair and progressive tax reforms, provide targeted subsidies, and promote economic growth to boost income levels. Additionally, social programs and efficient government investment can further reduce household financial burdens.

Spatial planning of the Bueno Brandão (MG) municipality with emphasis on hydrographic sub-basins

Territorial planning must be carried out with the objective of organizing human activities so to promote sustainable development, reconciling human well-being with environmental preservation. In this context, this study was developed with an initial proposal for the spatial planning of the municipality of Bueno Brandão (MG), using the hydrographic sub-basins as environmental planning units. For this purpose, the Geographic Information System software QGIS was used to structure a database composed of hydrographic, altimetric information, municipal limits and spatial distribution of rural clusters and the urban area of the municipality. The Digital Elevation Model, obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission project, was also used. Google Earth images were used to verify that the areas of population concentration coincided with the limits of the sub-basins. The initial proposal for Bueno Brandão spatial planning resulted in the identification of 43 rural clusters and the delimitation of the urban area, distributed in 12 hydrographic sub-basins.

A priory allocation of ecosystem services to forest stands in a forest management context considering scientific suitability, stakeholder engagement and sustainability concept with multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique: A case study in Turkey

Various research endeavours are designed to identify ecosystem services, assess their spatial distribution, and prioritize them in a given forest landscape. The Turkish State Forest Organization has introduced an ecosystem-based multiple-use forest management philosophy since 2008, which emphasizes the need for identifying and allocating ecosystem services to each forest planning unit. This paper aims to investigate the use of Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques and explores their effectiveness and suitability in identifying and allocating ecosystem services to forest units, considering scientific suitability, stakeholder engagement and the sustainability concept in the context of ecosystem-based forest management decision-making processes in a case study area of Turkey. We propose a framework that entails an iterative process comprising various stages, starting from identifying ecosystem services (ES) to allocating them to forest stands with a participatory approach. We employed the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Delphi method to determine stakeholder preferences and allocate ecosystem services to forest stands. This was achieved through an equation newly developed using scientific suitability, stakeholder preferences, and the sustainability concept. The landscape percentage allocated primarily to ES was as follows: water regulation (55.44%), soil protection (16.47%), biodiversity conservation (14.03%), wood production (13.08%), and aesthetic-recreation (0.84%). Notably, no allocations were made for national defence and climate regulation services. In conclusion, the stratification of Posof forests into zones was efficiently achieved a priori, considering both scientific-technical and socio-cultural criteria through MCDA techniques based on stakeholder preferences. This study streamlines the decision-making process involved in spatially allocating ecosystem services and provides crucial information instrumental in determining management objectives and optimal forest activities.

Multi-Robot Navigation System Design Based on Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm

The more path conflicts between multiple robots, the more time it takes to avoid each other, and the more navigation time it takes for the robots to complete all tasks. This study designs a multi-robot navigation system based on deep reinforcement learning to provide an innovative and effective method for global path planning of multi-robot navigation. It can plan paths with fewer path conflicts for all robots so that the overall navigation time for the robots to complete all tasks can be reduced. Compared with existing methods of global path planning for multi-robot navigation, this study proposes new perspectives and methods. It emphasizes reducing the number of path conflicts first to reduce the overall navigation time. The system consists of a localization unit, an environment map unit, a path planning unit, and an environment monitoring unit, which provides functions for calculating robot coordinates, generating preselected paths, selecting optimal path combinations, robot navigation, and environment monitoring. We use topological maps to simplify the map representation for multi-robot path planning so that the proposed method can perform path planning for more robots in more complex environments. The proximal policy optimization (PPO) is used as the algorithm for deep reinforcement learning. This study combines the path selection method of deep reinforcement learning with the A* algorithm, which effectively reduces the number of path conflicts in multi-robot path planning and improves the overall navigation time. In addition, we used the reciprocal velocity obstacles algorithm for local path planning in the robot, combined with the proposed global path planning method, to achieve complete and effective multi-robot navigation. Some simulation results in NVIDIA Isaac Sim show that for 1000 multi-robot navigation tasks, the maximum number of path conflicts that can be reduced is 60,375 under nine simulation conditions.

Do greenspaces really reduce heat health impacts? Evidence for different vegetation types and distance-based greenspace exposure

BackgroundWhile vegetation type, population density and proximity to greenspaces have been linked to human health, what type and location of greenspace matter most have remained unclear. In this context, there are question marks over investment-style metrics. ObjectivesThis paper aims at establishing what vegetation type may matter most in modifying heat-mortality associations, and what the optimal buffer distances of total and specific types of greenspace exposure associated with reduced heat-related mortality risks are. MethodsWe conducted small-area analyses using daily mortality data for 286 Territory Planning Units (TPUs) across Hong Kong and 1 × 1 km gridded air temperature data for the summer months (2005–2018). Using a case time series design, we examined effect modifications of total and specific types of greenspaces, as well as population-weighted exposure at varying buffer distances (200–4000 m). We tested the significance of effect modifications by comparing relative risks (RRs) between the lowest and highest quartiles of each greenspace exposure metric; and explored the strength of effect modifications by calculating the ratio of RRs. ResultsForests, unlike grasslands, showed significant effect modifications on heat-mortality associations, with RRs rising from 0.98 (95 %CI: 0.92,1.05) to 1.06 (1.03, 1.10) for the highest to lowest quartiles (p-value = 0.037) The optimal distances associated with the most apparent effects were around 1 km for population-weighted exposure, with the ratio of RRs being 1.424 (1.038,1.954) for NDVI, 1.191 (1.004,1.413) for total greenspace, and 1.227 (1.024,1.470) for forests. A marked difference was observed in terms of the paired area-level and optimal distance-based exposure to total greenspace and forests under extreme heat (p-values < 0.05). DiscussionOur findings suggest that greenspace, particularly nearby forests, may significantly mitigate heat-related mortality risks.

Evaluasi Perencanaan Penanganan Existing Jalan yang Tidak Stabil pada Ruas Jalan Gunting Saga – Teluk Binjai Kab. Labuhan Batu Utara

The Gunting Saga - Teluk Binjai Road section (North Labuhan Batu Regency) is a Collector Road or Regency Road that connects the city of Aek Kanopan and the city of Kualuh Hilir. On this section of road, several large and heavy vehicles often pass with geometric conditions that are not too wide and at some points the ground conditions are less stable, which results in poor traffic flow and also damage to parts of the road. The impact of the lack of width and damage to the existing condition of the Gunting Saga - Teluk Binjai section is: hampering economic activity in the area. The aim of the study is to plan flexible pavement and widening on road shoulders and also plan flexible pavement on additional or overlay pavement.To support this study, several data are needed, such as: traffic volume data, rainfall data, CBR data, Benkelman beam data and also unit price analysis data using secondary data obtained from the North Sumatra Province National Road Planning and Supervision Working Unit. From the results of the data obtained, it is then processed and analyzed in the calculation of flexible pavement for new roads and additional pavement (overlays) using Bina Marga standards for flexible pavement analysis using Instructions for Planning the Thickness of Flexible Pavement for Highways Using the Component Analysis Method (SKBI-2.3.26.1987), Meanwhile, for additional pavement analysis (overlay), the Hot Rolled Overlay Design For Indonesia method is used.From the calculation results, it is obtained that the thickness of the flexible pavement layer for the new road and also the thickness of the additional pavement layer (overlay) are obtained with various values, namely: segment 1 has a layer value of D1 = 5,4 cm, D2 = 25 cm, D3 = 35 cm as well as for each segment so on up to four segments.

Deciphering how promoting land consolidation for village revitalization in rural China: A comparison study

As an efficient toolkit to relieve and resolve rural issues, land consolidation (LC) has been suggested as a promising policy instrument for sustainable rural development. Villages are the most basic units of rural planning and development. However, few studies have examined and compared the relationships between LC and rural revitalization at the village level. Given the sophisticated experience of Eastern China in LC practices, this study, based on theoretical analysis of the relationship between land use and village revitalization, compared two Chinese villages in this region with distinct spatial locations from neighboring cities to analyze and reveal the mechanisms of LC in promoting local revitalization. The results show that under the combined effect of internal and external factors, LC programs have been successfully implemented in the two case villages, during which the interactive mechanism between various aspects, mainly involving industry, habitat, and governance, has been created to promote local revitalization. In the absence of changes in resource endowments, policy support and the efforts of local elites are the key factors for the success of LC in the two villages. However, due to different economic and socio-cultural conditions between the two villages, there are also differences in their revitalization mechanisms. Parts of the lessons learned from the case villages can be useful for villages with similar situations in plain areas. These findings can advance the understanding of how to promote LC for village development and serve as a reference point for other developing countries and regions with similar socio-cultural backgrounds eradicating poverty and revitalizing localities through LC.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS-Based AHP Method: A Case Study of Doğancı Dam Watershed in Bursa (Türkiye)

Soil erosion, one of the most serious phenomena in watershed management, can be estimated based on various criteria. Land use change is one of the most important factors affecting the susceptibility of soil erosion. In this study, the effect of land use change on soil erosion risk in two plan periods (2005 and 2017) was investigated using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the forest planning units in the Doğancı Dam Watershed, located in Bursa, Türkiye. Eight criteria were evaluated including erosion-related slope, bedrock type, land use/land cover, precipitation, relative relief, aspect, drainage frequency, and density. According to the results, the most effective factor in soil erosion was slope (0.29), while bedrock type and land use/land cover ranked second with 0.19. It was found that full closure forests were characterized by high erosion resistance (0.3), while bare land was characterized as the most sensitive area to erosion (0.39). In terms of spatio-temporal changes in a 12-year period, the areas in the medium and high erosion risk decreased, while low and very low-risk areas increased. The ROC method showed a satisfactory accuracy of 72.8% and 80.2% for the 2005 and 2017 erosion risk maps, respectively.

Confounding associations between green space and outdoor artificial light at night: Systematic investigations and implications for urban health

Excessive urbanization leads to considerable nature deficiency and abundant artificial infrastructure in urban areas, which triggered intensive discussions on people's exposure to green space and outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN). Recent academic progress highlights that people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN may be confounders of each other but lacks systematic investigations. This study investigates the associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN by adopting the three most used research paradigms: population-level residence-based, individual-level residence-based, and individual-level mobility-oriented paradigms. We employed the green space and outdoor ALAN data of 291 Tertiary Planning Units in Hong Kong for population-level analysis. We also used data from 940 participants in six representative communities for individual-level analyses. Hong Kong green space and outdoor ALAN were derived from high-resolution remote sensing data. The total exposures were derived using the spatiotemporally weighted approaches. Our results confirm that the negative associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN are universal across different research paradigms, spatially non-stationary, and consistent among different socio-demographic groups. We also observed that mobility-oriented measures may lead to stronger negative associations than residence-based measures by mitigating the contextual errors of residence-based measures. Our results highlight the potential confounding associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN, and we strongly recommend relevant studies to consider both of them in modeling people's health outcomes, especially for those health outcomes impacted by the co-exposure to them.

From Classrooms to Economies: Examining the Educational Achievement-Economic Development Nexus

Abstract Each states play pivotal roles in contributing to the economic performance of the nation. They have their own unique economic strengths, resources, and industries that contribute to the overall economic development. Terengganu, an east coast state in Malaysia has historically faced economic challenges, marked by a lag in development compared to other regions. The fundamental problem addressed is the potential correlation between educational attainment and the region’s economic growth, aiming to understand how advancements in education might serve as a catalyst for economic progress. The objective of this research is to empirically analyze the impact of educational achievement on the economic development in Terengganu. Utilizing secondary data sourced from the Department of Statistics Malaysia and Economy Planning Unit Terengganu spanning from 2006 to 2022, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model has been employed to estimate and understand the relationship between educational attainment and economic development. The findings suggested that educational achievement plays positive impact in heightening the economic development within the region. Education contributes to the development of human capital, fostering a skilled and knowledgeable populace capable of engaging in diverse economic activities. This, in turn, attracts investments and facilitates the emergence of industries and sectors that rely on a knowledgeable and skilled labour force. This study would provide valuable insights for policymakers and academicians to formulate targeted policies and initiatives, ultimately enhancing the economic development of the states, thus contribute to a prosperous Malaysia.

Management of Watersheds as a Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Zone Unit for the Development of the City: A Case Study of Karangmumus Watershed at Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

The changing land use affects the social and economic characteristics and environmental issues in a watershed. To support sub-watershed management, land use scenarios and the level of community involvement must be improved. This research is a study to analyse and evaluate the condition of the Karangmumus watershed covering 365.25 km2 which is mostly located in Samarinda City, the capital of East Kalimantan Province. Research was conducted with various sources of data analysed using descriptive quantitative methods. In assessing the condition of a watershed, it is absolutely necessary to have debit data and other data to support the analysis and evaluation. In reality, currently the quantity and quality of flow data is still far from expected. This is due to the difficulties that cause the flow data collection process can not be done in all places, but only in certain watersheds. In the watershed monitoring carried out, there are still obstacles, one of which is the continuity of observation.

Reliability Model of Medical Equipment in University of Port Teaching Hospital

In this research, on medical equipment maintainability and reliability we conducted basic statistics analysis using University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital as the case study; the data collected covered 18 departments, namely; Anatomical Pathology, Micro Biology, Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Radiography Department, Pediatrics, Hemodialialysis, Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Physiotherapy, Dental Department, MDR-TB unit, Pharmacy, ICU, Assisted Conception Unit, Orthopedic Ward, Care for Elderly Laboratory, Family Planning Unit, Community Medicine and Labour Ward. The results of the parametric Weibull distribution percentile suggested that the reliability of the devices tends to fail every 21 days. The reliability plot of the model indicated that the devices tend to decrease its life span with age, the Weibull model was adequately fitted following the results of Anderson adjust test of goodness of fit and the probability plot. In comparison, the Probability value of goodness of fit P(0.0000) of Weibull distribution model was compared with that of exponential distribution model P(0.034), the outcome showed that Weibull distribution is better to model the data of medical equipment in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.

Point of Sale’s Transaction Data: Envisioning Micro Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME)’s Inventory Management Strategy

With the progression of Big Data Analytics (BDA), Point of Sale (PoS) could be amalgamated with Inventory Management (IM) system, thereby assisting merchants in providing an overview of their inventory and even predicting when restocking is necessary. This qualitative inquiry aims to assess the merchants' awareness of digitalisation in Klang Valley, Selangor, Malaysia, from October to November of 2023, with total number of thirty merchants being interviewed. NVivo 12 was used to support analysis tasks. The results are inconclusive, as some merchants still rely on separate systems for their PoS and IM. Those who lack IM system but possess digital PoS still believe that they can sustain their inventory management through manual means. Even when IM is integrated with PoS, workers still prefer to inform the manager verbally when the stock is nearing depletion. Only those who diligently utilise the integrated system can truly appreciate the benefits of their investment in the digitisation of their daily operations. These study could provide valuable insights for governing authority, such as the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Cost of Living (KPDN) and the Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU), in incorporating essential content into their educational programs to promote the advantages of digitalisation to Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), as well as to educate Solution Providers on the need to revise their software's Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Manuals to be available in both English and Bahasa.

The role of connectivity in conservation planning for species with obligatory interactions: Prospects for future climate scenarios

AbstractClimate change may lead to range shifts, and barriers to such displacements may result in extirpations from previously suitable habitats. This may be particularly important in freshwater ecosystems that are highly fragmented by anthropogenic obstacles, such as dams and other smaller in‐stream barriers. Conservation planning in freshwaters should consider the dynamic effects of climate change and the ability of species to cope with it. In this study, we developed a framework for incorporating climate‐driven dispersal barriers into conservation planning taking into account the medium and long‐term impacts of climate change and species with obligatory interactions. Given that freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) are a group of highly threatened organisms dependent on fish hosts to complete their larval development and dispersal, we used Marxan to prioritize areas for their joint conservation in the Iberian Peninsula as a case study. We tested two connectivity scenarios between current and future habitats, (i) unlimited dispersal capacity and (ii) dispersal constrained by artificial barriers, and also identified priority translocation areas for species that were unable to disperse. Accounting for the effects of climate change on species distributions allowed the identification of long‐term conservation areas, but disregarding artificial barriers to dispersal may lead to unrealistic solutions. Integrating the location of barriers allowed the identification of priority areas that are more likely to be colonized in the future following climatic shifts, although this resulted in an additional loss of six to eight features (~5%–7%) compared to solutions without dispersal constraints. Between 173 and 357 artificial barriers (~1.6%–3.3%) will potentially block species dispersal to irreplaceable planning units. Where removal of artificial barriers is unfeasible, conservation translocations may additionally cover up to eight additional features that do not meet conservation targets due to dispersal constraints. This study highlights the challenge of identifying protected areas to safeguard biodiversity under climate change.

Phonological planning in Cantonese–English bilingual speech production

Purpose: Findings from previous speech production research suggest that the nature of phonological planning units is language-specific, with phonemes as the planning units in Dutch and English but syllables in Cantonese and Mandarin Chinese. However, little is known about how multilingual speakers possessing languages with distinctive phonological planning units plan for their speech. This study was conducted to investigate the roles of syllable and phoneme in Cantonese (L1) and English (L2) production among Cantonese–English bilinguals. Design: A picture version of the form-preparation task was employed, where participants named aloud (in their L1 and L2) small sets of pictures repeatedly. The names of the pictures in a set either shared the same word-initial syllable, word-initial phoneme, or were unrelated. Participants’ L1 and L2 proficiencies were measured. Data and analysis: 53 Cantonese–English bilinguals participated. The naming latency data were submitted for linear mixed effects modeling analyses. Findings: Significant priming effects on naming latency, relative to an unrelated control, were found when the response words shared the same word-initial syllable but null effects were found when they shared merely the same word-initial phoneme in both L1 and L2 production. Critically, in L2 English production, a significant negative association was observed between the size of syllable priming and the participant’s English vocabulary size. Furthermore, significant English phonemic priming was observed among the participants higher in spoken English proficiency but not among the lower proficiency counterparts. Originality: This study provides clear evidence showing the multifaceted effects of L2 proficiency on L2 phonological planning using a picture naming task. Significance: The present findings indicate the significant impact of L1 on L2 phonological planning. Yet, this L1-to-L2 influence would be modulated in different ways by the different aspects of one’s L2 proficiency.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANNING IN USE AND STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN RURAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SERERE DISTRICT.

Background This study aims to examine the relationship between planning in USE and students’ performance in rural secondary schools in the Serere district. Methodology The research was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative approaches using Survey, Correlation, and Case study as Research Designs. Data was collected using Questionnaires Interviews and records targeting BOG and PTA Members, Teachers, and Head teachers as respondents from a sample size of 164 in Serere District USE schools. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists where conclusions were drawn from tables and figures from the Package. Results Of the respondents 103 were males and 72 were females. It can be seen the low participation of females was because the number of educated female teachers employed for teaching in secondary schools located in rural areas (Serere district) is low. From the study findings, the majority do agree that planning was vital for the rural schools but rash to say that all the activities are done at the ministry rather than at school levels. The school management Plans its activities under given guidelines, they are funded, and then implementation is done. Conclusion From the results attained, it is evident that the planning of USE Influences students’ performance in rural secondary schools in Serere district. USE Schools whose planning is done by the ministry and more generalized as opposed to those schools that are planned for by the administrators and managers who implement policies perform poorly than those that had an established local planning unit or committee. This was possible because they planned for their scarce resources and got the best out of it. Recommendations Serere district council, parents, and other educational stakeholders should put forward strategies for constructing laboratories and combating the shortage of well-stocked libraries in district secondary schools.

Selection of planning unit size in dynamic management strategies to reduce human-wildlife conflict.

Conservation planning traditionally relies upon static reserves; however, there is increasing emphasis on dynamic management (DM) strategies that are flexible in space and time. Due to its novelty, DM lacks best practices to guide design and implementation. We assessed the effect of planning unit size in a DM tool designed to reduce entanglement of protected whales in vertical ropes of surface buoys attached to crab traps in the lucrative U.S. Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) fishery. We conducted a retrospective analysis from 2009 to 2019 with modeled distributions of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) whales and observed fisheries effort and revenue to evaluate the effect of 7 planning unit sizes on DM tool performance. We measured performance as avoided whale entanglement risk and protected fisheries revenue. Small planning units avoided up to $47 million of revenue loss and reduced entanglement risk by up to 25% compared to the large planning units currently in use by avoiding the incidental closure of areas with low biodiversity value and high fisheries revenue. However, large planning units were less affected by an unprecedented marine heat wave in 2014-2016 and by delays in information on the distributions of whales and the fishery. Our findings suggest that the choice of planning unit size will require decision-makers to navigate multiple socioecological considerations-rather than a one-size-fits-all approach-to separate wildlife from threats under a changing climate.