Library Planning Research Articles

News from the Field

25 recordings chosen for National Recording Registry ACRL launches Academic Library Advocacy Toolkit CCAHA, Lyrasis announce Collections Stewardship Succession Planning Initiative New from ACRL—Integrated Library Planning: A New Model for Strategic and Dynamic Planning, Management, and Assessment Bloomsbury announces Bloomsbury Open Collections New from ACRL—Conducting a Map Collection Review: A Workbook to Help You on the Journey EBSCO joins ReShare community ARL releases final report of Research Library Impact Framework pilot initiative

Research on the actual use of the complex public library from the perspectives of visiting purpose and usage behavior connection between users' visiting purpose and space usage at St and Tg libraries

AbstractThis research clarifies the following issues to obtain useful knowledge for future public library planning by capturing the behavior of the complex public library in Japan based on the user's purpose of visit. First, the functional structure and management policy of the complex public library in recent years were examined. Second, the connection between users' purpose of visit and the space used at St and Tg libraries were clarified. Finally, the users' purpose of visit, patterns and development of “by‐the‐way use,” and expansion of space used under “stop by use” were evaluated to determine the usage structure of the stay‐oriented library.

Automatic segmentation for plan-of-the-day selection in CBCT-guided adaptive radiation therapy of cervical cancer

Objective. Plan-of-the-day (PoD) adaptive radiation therapy (ART) is based on a library of treatment plans, among which, at each treatment fraction, the PoD is selected using daily images. However, this strategy is limited by PoD selection uncertainties. This work aimed to propose and evaluate a workflow to automatically and quantitatively identify the PoD for cervix cancer ART based on daily CBCT images. Approach. The quantification was based on the segmentation of the main structures of interest in the CBCT images (clinical target volume [CTV], rectum, bladder, and bowel bag) using a deep learning model. Then, the PoD was selected from the treatment plan library according to the geometrical coverage of the CTV. For the evaluation, the resulting PoD was compared to the one obtained considering reference CBCT delineations. Main results. In experiments on a database of 23 patients with 272 CBCT images, the proposed method obtained an agreement between the reference PoD and the automatically identified PoD for 91.5% of treatment fractions (99.6% when considering a 5% margin on CTV coverage). Significance. The proposed automatic workflow automatically selected PoD for ART using deep-learning methods. The results showed the ability of the proposed process to identify the optimal PoD in a treatment plan library.

Exploring trade-offs in treatment planning for brain tumor cases with a probabilistic definition of the clinical target volume.

This study demonstrates how a novel probabilistic clinical target volume (CTV) concept-the clinical target distribution (CTD)-can be used to navigate the trade-off between target coverage and organ sparing with a semi-interactive treatment planningapproach. Two probabilistic treatment planning methods are presented that use tumor probabilities to balance tumor control with organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing. The first method explores OAR dose reduction by systematically discarding of CTD voxels with an unfavorable dose-to-probability ratio from the minimum dose coverage objective. The second method sequentially expands the target volume from the GTV edge, calculating the CTD coverage versus OAR sparing trade-off after dosing each expansion. Each planning method leads to estimated levels of tumor control under specific statistical models of tumor infiltration: an independent tumor islets model and contiguous circumferential tumor growth model. The methods are illustrated by creating proton therapy treatment plans for two glioblastoma patients with the clinical goal of sparing the hippocampus and brainstem. For probabilistic plan evaluation, the concept of a dose-expected-volume histogram is introduced, which plots the dose to the expected tumor volume considering tumorprobabilities. Both probabilistic planning approaches generate a library of treatment plans to interactively navigate the planning trade-offs. In the first probabilistic approach, a significant reduction of hippocampus dose could be achieved by excluding merely 1% of CTD voxels without compromising expected tumor control probability (TCP) or CTD coverage: the hippocampus dose reduces with 9.5 and 5.3 Gy for Patient 1 and 2, while the TCP loss remains below 1%. Moreover, discarding up to 10% of the CTD voxels does not significantly diminish the expected CTD dose, even though evaluation with a binary volume suggests poor CTD coverage. In the second probabilistic approach, the expected CTD and TCP depend more strongly on the extent of the high-dose region: the target volume margin cannot be reduced by more than 2 mm if one aims at keeping the expected CTD loss and TCP loss under 1 Gy and 2%, respectively. Therefore, there is less potential for improved OAR sparing without compromising TCP or expected CTDcoverage. This study proposes and implements treatment planning strategies to explore trade-offs using tumorprobabilities.

Real-time image-guided treatment of mobile tumors in proton therapy by a library of treatment plans: a simulation study.

To improve target coverage and reduce the dose in the surrounding organs-at-risks (OARs), we developed an image-guided treatment method based on a precomputed library of treatment plans controlled and delivered in real-time. A library of treatment plans is constructed by optimizing a plan for each breathing phase of a four dimensional computed tomography (4DCT). Treatments are delivered by simulation on a continuous sequence of synthetic computed tomographies (CTs) generated from real magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. During treatment, the plans for which the tumor are at a close distance to the current tumor position are selected to deliver their spots. The study is conducted on five livercases. We tested our approach under imperfect knowledge of the tumor positions with a 2 mm distance error. On average, compared to a 4D robustly optimized treatment plan, our approach led to a dose homogeneity increase of 5% (defined as ) in the target and a mean liver dose decrease of 23%. The treatment time was roughly increased by a factor of 2 but remained below 4 min onaverage. Our image-guided treatment framework outperforms state-of-the-art 4D-robust plans for all patients in this study on both target coverage and OARs sparing, with an acceptable increase in treatment time under the current accuracy of the tumor trackingtechnology.

P137 - Optimized adaptive radiotherapy with plan library for muscle invasive bladder cancer

P137 - Optimized adaptive radiotherapy with plan library for muscle invasive bladder cancer

PO15: Systematic Dwell Position Deviation of Elekta MR Compatible HDR Ring Applicators

<h3>Purpose</h3> (1) To identify a systematic dwell position deviation of Elekta MR compatible HDR ring applicators due to its design and (2) to demonstrate the dosimetric impact of the deviation. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> In these ring applicators, the source is designed to travel precisely along the central axis of the ring tube. However, the actual source positions deviate from the central axis due to the semi-rigid design of the wire carrying the source. To quantify the deviation, in-house QA devices were built using decommissioned ring applicators of three different diameters (26mm, 30mm, and 34mm). The ring applicators were modified by replacing their top caps with a 1 mm thick transparent plastic plate. This allowed proper visualization of both the vendor-provided wire QA markers and the actual Ir-192 source. The high-resolution camera of the Elekta Flexitron system was used to acquire images of the applicator and the source. The source was driven to dwell positions with a 5 mm increment to cover the full visible range of the ring. An image was acquired at each dwell position. This procedure was repeated 5 times for each ring size. Two observers independently measured the arc length traveled by the source from the first dwell position to other dwell positions. The deviation was calculated as the difference between the measured arc length and the intended dwell position (converted to arc length). <h3>Results</h3> The deviation was found to be a function of the arc distance from the first dwell position. It increases almost linearly with arc length, experiences a sharp increase before settling in a range between 5 mm and 6 mm. Up to 6 mm deviation was found for ring applicators of all three different diameters. Although there were small interobserver differences (mean = 0.1 mm, SD = 0.13 mm), the results were highly reproducible (SD = 0.09 mm). The dwell position deviations result in remarkable differences of the isodose curves surrounding the ring applicator. The measured deviations were applied to our library plan for cervical cancer using 30 mm ring and 60 mm tandem. The isodose lines in the plane of the ring before and after the offsets were applied are shown in figure 1(a) and (b), respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Large systematic dwell positions deviations of the Elekta MR compatible HDR ring applicators has been quantified. These deviations may have significant dosimetric impact on HDR treatment. Therefore, they should be considered by the treatment planning system for more accurate dose computations.

Using Survival Analysis to Identify Opportunities for Retention of BIPOC Librarians

This IMLS-funded project investigates the retention of librarians who identify as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). The research team will use survival analysis to determine when and why BIPOC librarians are likely to leave the profession. Analysis of quantitative survey data will be paired with interviews to contextualize the results and discussions with key stakeholders. The goal of this project is to identify potential directions for improving retention of BIPOC librarians in the profession. The research questions for the project are: &#x0D; &#x0D; At what point in their careers do BIPOC librarians tend to leave the profession? &#x0D; Is there a difference in timing of leaving the profession among different racial/ethnic groups? &#x0D; Do contextual factors identified in the literature, such as mentoring and discrimination influence the probability of leaving the profession? If they do, how do the factors work differently for the BIPOC and non-BIPOC groups?&#x0D; How have the patterns of retention of BIPOC librarians changed over the last decade? &#x0D; &#x0D; Knowing what causes BIPOC librarians to leave the profession and when this occurs can lead to improved retention plans for individual libraries and professional associations that will allow for the creation of programs that can bring support to BIPOC librarians when needed. The findings will equip supervisors and professional associations with knowledge that will help make their retention efforts more specific and their interventions timelier and more effective. The findings will allow for more targeted retention programs that will provide the right support at the right time.

Comparing medical emergency preparedness in U.S. public and academic libraries

This study sought to determine what medical emergency resources and training are provided in U.S. public and academic libraries, how public versus academic preparedness compares, and what reasons may contribute to decisions against adoption. Survey responses from 65 libraries were analyzed regarding availability of, plans to acquire, or reasons for not acquiring five interventions—automatic electronic defibrillators (AEDs), naloxone, epinephrine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, and mental health crisis training. Findings showed that these interventions were not necessarily common—41.5% of respondents offered zero of the five interventions, while the most common, AED, was available in 52.3% of libraries. AEDs and epinephrine were somewhat more common in academic libraries, but naloxone, CPR training, and mental health crisis training were more common in public libraries. Primary reasons for not adopting medical interventions included alternative emergency response options, cost, concerns regarding legal liability, and the sense that this is outside the scope of a library’s duties. Implications and considerations for library planning are discussed.

Research in the Time of COVID: Virtual Fellowships at the Linda Hall Library.

When COVID-19 prevented scholars from traveling to libraries, archives, and museums, staff at those institutions devised creative strategies for providing remote access to their holdings. This article examines one such initiative launched by the Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering, and Technology in Kansas City, Missouri. The Library's prioritization of print over archival materials, experience fulfilling document delivery requests, and investments in digitization infrastructure facilitated the transition to a completely virtual fellowship program during the 2021-22 academic year. Although virtual fellowships could not replicate every aspect of in-person residencies, they nonetheless supplied scholars with much-needed funding, research materials, and membership in a scholarly community. Based on the program's initial success, the Library plans to continue offering virtual fellowships to scholars otherwise unable to conduct research on site.

Optimized Adaptive Radiotherapy with Individualized Plan Library for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Using Internal Target Volume Generation.

Simple SummaryThe bladder is a mobile target and is subject to filling variation. This poses a considerable challenge for effective radiotherapy (RT) delivery. We applied an internal target volume to the plan library to resolve intra-fractional errors caused by bladder filling during treatment. Adaptive radiotherapy using ITV is easy to perform and a feasible treatment approach. In this study, image-guided RT-based adaptive RT showed good survival outcomes with a high local control rate.The bladder is subject to filling variation, which poses a challenge to radiotherapy (RT) delivery. We aimed to assess feasibility and clinical outcomes in patients with bladder cancer treated with adaptive RT (ART) using individualized plan libraries. We retrospectively analyzed 19 patients who underwent RT for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in 2015–2021. Four planning computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired at 15-min intervals, and a library of three intensity-modulated RT plans were generated using internal target volumes (ITVs). A post-treatment cone-beam CT (CBCT) scan was acquired daily to assess intra-fraction filling and coverage. All patients completed the treatment, with 408 post-treatment CBCT scans. The bladder was out of the planning target volume (PTV) range in 12 scans. The volumes of the evaluated PTV plans were significantly smaller than those of conventional PTV. The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 88.2% and 63.7%, respectively. Of eight cases that experienced recurrence, only two developed MIBC. There were no grade 3 or higher RT-related adverse events. ART using plan libraries and ITVs demonstrated good survival outcomes with a high local control rate. Irradiated normal tissue volume and treatment margins may be reduced through this approach, potentially resulting in lower toxicity rates.

An online adaptive plan library approach for intensity modulated proton therapy for head and neck cancer

Background and purposeIn intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT), the impact of setup errors and anatomical changes is commonly mitigated by robust optimization with population-based setup robustness (SR) settings and offline replanning. In this study we propose and evaluate an alternative approach based on daily plan selection from patient-specific pre-treatment established plan libraries (PLs). Clinical implementation of the PL strategy would be rather straightforward compared to daily online re-planning. Materials and methodsFor 15 head-and-neck cancer patients, the planning CT was used to generate a PL with 5 plans, robustly optimized for increasing SR: 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 mm, and 3% range robustness. Repeat CTs (rCTs) and realistic setup and range uncertainty distributions were used for simulation of treatment courses for the PL approach, treatments with fixed SR (fSR3) and a trigger-based offline adaptive schedule for 3 mm SR (fSR3OfA). Daily plan selection in the PL approach was based only on recomputed dose to the CTV on the rCT. ResultsCompared to using fSR3 and fSR3OfA, the risk of xerostomia grade ≥ II & III and dysphagia ≥ grade III were significantly reduced with the PL. For 6/15 patients the risk of xerostomia and/or dysphagia ≥ grade II could be reduced by > 2% by using PL. For the other patients, adherence to target coverage constraints was often improved. fSR3OfA resulted in significantly improved coverage compared to PL for selected patients. ConclusionThe proposed PL approach resulted in overall reduced NTCPs compared to fSR3 and fSR3OfA at limited cost in target coverage.

Developing research data management services in a regional comprehensive university: The case of Central Washington University

This study aims to analyze the needs of researchers in a regional comprehensive university for research data management services; discuss the options for developing a research data management program at the university; and then propose a phased three-year implementation plan for the university libraries. The method was to design a survey to collect information from researchers and assess and evaluate their needs for research data management services. The results show that researchers’ needs in a regional comprehensive university could be quite different from those of researchers in a research-intensive university. Also, the results verify the hypothesis that researchers in the regional comprehensive university would welcome the libraries offering managed data services for the research community. Therefore, this study suggests a phased three-year implementation plan. The significance of the study is that it can give some insights and helpful information for regional comprehensive universities that are planning to develop a research data management program.

Library Spending Plan and Its Strategies

Budgeting is an important component of collection development and management. librarians will more and more to be necessary to defend their budgets and seek outside funding for their materials. From a sum of money writing to contribution, all librarians need expertise in dealing with the monetary aspects of librarianship. The budget for the library is a tool for making library fantasies a reality. The resources allotted to each library programmer and the assistance your library will provide are determined by the budget. A correctly crafted budget will guarantee that the funds are used to achieve the service goal of your library. A budget is a economic expression of the library's plan and aim. Therefore, before a budget can be formulated, the plan for library services help must be developed and the goals and objectives established. System the library budget essentially an understanding of value centres, cash flow forecasts, economic management reporting, variance analysis and corrective measures to keep the budget on apath.

Explaining BDI agent behaviour through dialogue

BDI agents act in response to external inputs and their internal plan library. Understanding the root cause of BDI agent action is often difficult, and in this paper we present a dialogue based approach for explaining the behaviour of a BDI agent. We consider two dialogue participants who may have different views regarding the beliefs, plans and external events which drove agent action (encoded via traces). These participants make utterances which incrementally reveal their traces to each other, allowing them to identify divergences in the traces, or to conclude that their traces agree. In practice, we envision a human taking on the role of a dialogue participant, with the BDI agent itself acting as the other participant. The dialogue then facilitates explanation, understanding and debugging of BDI agent behaviour. After presenting our formalism and its properties, we describe our implementation of the system and provide an example of its use in a simple scenario.

Design Plan for Children's Library and Edutainment Center

The children's library is a vibrant and attractive place designed to stimulate developing ideas. It provides children with educational, entertaining and cultural resources, including a large number of picture books, story books, non-fiction books and multimedia materials in multiple languages. Users can relax and read together in the outdoor children's garden, because it is a center of entertaining. The main purpose of the children's library is to increase literacy, share knowledge and obtain books, and then lend these books to the community for education and entertainment. It also allows children to share the book together instead of everyone having to buy their own copy. The main areas of the proposed project include the Discovery Center, the library, the administrative area, the skill area and the entertainment area. The site evaluation criteria considered include site capacity, accessibility, noise level, security and safety, visibility, location and environment, public facilities, shape/proportion, and future development plans. Therefore, the site of the project is located in the Al Nahda district of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All in all, the project developed facilities and environments, and created opportunities to learn skills and spread culture.

MO-0794 Plan library based online adaptive IMPT for head and neck cancer

MO-0794 Plan library based online adaptive IMPT for head and neck cancer

A novel Distributed AI framework with ML for D2D communication in 5G/6G networks

Inspired by the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) approaches in 5G and 6G networks, in this paper we propose a novel ML based Distributed AI (DAI) framework able to attain the ambitious goals set for emerging 5G/6G networks. The novelty of the DAI framework is that it is implemented in an autonomous, dynamic and flexible fashion, utilising Belief Desire Intention (BDI) agents, extended with ML capabilities, which reside on the mobile devices (User Equipment). We refer to these as BDIx agents. This provides a component-based framework (likened to LEGO-based building blocks), which can build on and utilise execution plans, by composing and arranging ML techniques in flexible ways within the framework, in order to achieve the desired goals. More specifically, we form a modular BDIx agent at a multi-agent system (MAS), integrated with Fuzzy Logic for the perception/cognitive part of the agents. By exploiting the capabilities of the BDIx agents in our DAI framework, we allow mobile devices to intercommunicate and cooperate in an autonomous manner, thus offering a number of attractive features, including improved performance in terms of network control execution time and message exchange, fast response in handling dynamic aspects in the network, self-organising network functionalities, and a framework that can act as the glue platform in employing one or more intelligent approaches to tackle the diverse 5G/6G technical requirements. To demonstrate the potential of the DAI framework we focus on Device to Device (D2D) communication and illustrate its flexibility in addressing diverse D2D challenges. Through example Plan Libraries and enhanced metrics, we outline DAI implementation specifics to achieve a number of identified 5G/6G D2D requirements. To embed the concept further, the specific problem of D2D transmission mode selection is expanded upon, from problem description to solution approach (DAIS) and implementation specifics, and hence comparatively evaluate over other approaches (i.e., Unsupervised learning ML techniques, centralised control techniques, random techniques). The results demonstrated that DAIS provides, among other performance metrics, improved mobile network Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Power Consumption (PC), better and more efficient cluster formation and reduced control decision delay.

Probabilistic Plan Recognition for Multi-Agent Systems under Temporal Logic Tasks

This paper studies the plan recognition problem of multi-agent systems with temporal logic tasks. The high-level temporal tasks are represented as linear temporal logic (LTL). We present a probabilistic plan recognition algorithm to predict the future goals and identify the temporal logic tasks of the agent based on the observations of their states and actions. We subsequently build a plan library composed of Nondeterministic Bu¨chi Automation to model the temporal logic tasks. We also propose a Boolean matrix generation algorithm to map the plan library to multi-agent trajectories and a task recognition algorithm to parse the Boolean matrix. Then, the probability calculation formula is proposed to calculate the posterior goal probability distribution, and the cold start situation of the plan recognition is solved using the Bayes formula. Finally, we validate the proposed algorithm via extensive comparative simulations.

ISmart: Exploring Smart and Connected Disaster Planning for Rural and Small Libraries

iSmart: Exploring Smart and Connected Disaster Planning for Rural and Small Libraries