Pilosebaceous Unit Research Articles

A dermocosmetic product containing the sap of oat plantlets and Garcinia mangostana extract improves the clinical signs of acne.

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, characterized by papules, pustules and/or nodules manifesting primarily on the face and/or upper back that can leave scars, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and erythema (PIE). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of a protein-free sap extruded from Rhealba® oat plantlets and a Garcinia mangostana extract on Cutibacterium acnes-induced inflammation invitro and assess the tolerability and efficacy of a dermocosmetic product containing these actives in subjects with mild-to-moderate acne. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) from acne patients were stimulated with a planktonic culture of C. acnes and cytokine production was evaluated before and after addition of the test extracts by RT-PCR and ELISA. The clinical study was conducted in subjects with mild-to-moderate acne who applied the product to their face and upper back twice-daily for 2 months. Cutibacterium acnes-induced IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-10 and TNFα synthesis was reduced by the addition of the Garcinia mangostana extract and oat sap invitro. The clinical study included 54 subjects. The 2-month, twice-daily application of the test product to the whole face and acne-affected areas on the upper back was well tolerated. It led to significant decreases in the number of retentional (-21% for 69% of subjects at D57) and inflammatory (-35% for 79% of subjects at D57) acne lesions, as well as a decrease in Global Acne Evaluation severity scores (2.5 at D1, 2.2 at D29 and 2.1 at D57). The dermatologist also rated the product as effective or very effective in most subjects with PIE (82%; n = 33/40) and PIH (70%; n = 8/11) at D57. The actives demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects invitro, and the dermocosmetic product showed good clinical efficacy and tolerability in subjects with mild-to-moderate acne, supporting the use of this product in acne management.

The contemporary issues related to conventional treatment of acne and the way forward

Background: People perceive acne as a minority disorder (not a major health concern), but it has a significant impact and burden on the victims. Although conventional drugs are available for its treatment, which are applied directly to the affected skin, such as azelaic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and salicylic acid etc. or formulationAcne vulgaris is a common skin condition that can have a significant impact on individuals, yet conventional treatments often come with various contemporary issues. This paper discusses the contemporary issues related to the conventional treatment of acne and explores a way forward. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, with a high prevalence globally and in Nigeria. Although conventional drugs are available for treatment, there are several contemporary issues related to their usage that need to be addressed. Method: Relevant literature, including stakeholder reports and studies conducted globally and locally, were searched and reviewed to identify the contemporary issues related to conventional acne treatment. The key contemporary issues identified include economic, environmental, emotional, social, and spiritual concerns. Findings: The economic burden of costly conventional medications makes them inaccessible for many. Environmental issues arise from the use of potentially harmful chemicals that can pollute water sources and contribute to climate change. Acne can also lead to emotional distress, social stigma, and spiritual conflicts, especially due to the side effects of conventional treatments. Given the limitations of conventional treatments, the article recommends the use of scientifically-proven herbal remedies as a promising alternative strategy. Herbs such as tea tree oil, green tea, chasteberry, black seed, and spikeweed have demonstrated antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-androgenic properties that can effectively manage acne without the adverse effects of conventional drugs. Conclusion: The use of evidence-based herbal medicines offers a way forward in the treatment of acne, addressing the contemporary issues associated with conventional approaches. Further clinical research and regulatory approval are necessary to integrate these herbal remedies into conventional acne management and ensure their widespread and safe use. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study proposes an integrated acne treatment framework that combines conventional therapies with evidence-based herbal medicine. This approach addresses contemporary issues in acne treatment by considering economic, environmental, and socio-cultural aspects.

Penanganan Acne Vulgaris Terkini

Acne Vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder in the pilosebaceous unit. This condition generally manifests as papules, pustules, or nodules especially on the face and can also affect the upper arms, trunk and back. AV is ideopathic, but can also be caused by increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization of hair follicles, colonies of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria and inflammatory processes. Some of these causes are related to risk factors as triggers, such as food factors, use of cosmetics, and psychological stress. AV is one of the most common dermatological conditions worldwide with an estimated 650 million people affected by this disease. The study of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) reports that AV attacks around 85% of young adults aged 12-25 years. Based on gender, women suffer more from AV than men with percentages of 69.7% and 30.3% respectively. Treatment of acne vulgaris is based on the level and severity of the acne. Treatment can be divided into pharmacological and physical therapy. Pharmacological therapy is the first line of treatment for acne vulgaris, it can be divided into topical and systemic treatment.

Topical Treatment and Aesthetic Procedures in Management of Acne Vulgaris

Acne vulgaris is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting up to 80% of young adults and adolescents. The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial and involves the pilosebaceous units of the skin. As a result of the disease process, skin lesions such as open and closed comedones, nodules, pustules, and papules appear on the skin. In recent years, acne has been increasingly observed in younger patients, which is associated with the earlier onset of puberty. Moreover, acne is increasingly diagnosed in individuals over 20 years of age, particularly in women, which is referred to as adult female acne (AFA). Effective and rapid implementation of treatment is crucial to prevent complications such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and acne scars, as well as to mitigate the negative psychological impact of the disease on patients. The article discusses both topical treatment and aesthetic medicine procedures in the management of acne vulgaris. Topical treatments include the use of retinoids, antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, clascoterone, dapsone, azelaic acid, and combination therapies. Aesthetic procedures such as chemical peels, microdermabrasion, photodynamic therapy, blue light therapy, and laser therapies can be beneficial as adjunctive treatments. The article also addresses the issue of acne as a comorbid condition in patients seeking aesthetic medicine treatments, even if it is not the primary reason for their visit.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among Patients with Acne Vulgaris

Abstract Background Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic complaints. About 85% of adolescent population and 3% of the adults between the age of 35-44 years have this disease worldwide. It is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Helicobacter pylori is a gastric Gram-negative, spiral-shaped microaerophilic pathogen closely associated with gastric and extra-gastric diseases (chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, gastric cancer, iron deficiency anemia, etc). It has been shown that H. pylori may play a potential pathogenic role in extra-intestinal diseases such as hepatobiliary, respiratory, cardiovascular, and dermatological disorders. The latter included chronic urticaria, psoriasis, henoch-schonlein purpura, and rosacea. Objective To determine the prevalence of H. Pylori infection among AV patients and correlate it with the disease severity. We included 45 patients with AV and 45 matched age and sex apparent healthy controls. Methods This case control study included 45 Patients with AV. They were recruited from the Dermatology outpatient clinic, Ain Shams University Hospitals and Teba specialized hospital in Luxur government. The study also included 45 age and sex matched healthy volunteers as a control group. They were recruited from people who don't have AV attending Al Demerdash Hospital Ain Shams University and Tepa Specialized Hospital. The study was done in the period from November 2021 to October 2022. Results Detection of H. pylori antigen in stool and H. pylori antibody IgG in serum in both groups revealed that the rates of H. pylori antigen in stool and H. pylori antibody IgG in serum were significantly higher in AV patients compared to control subjects. Also the patients with severe AV had statistically significant higher rates of H. pylori antigen in stool and H. pylori antibody in serum as compared to the patients with mild Acne and healthy controls. Also the number of AV involved sites and severity of AV were significantly correlated with H. pylori Ag in stool and H pylori Ab in serum. While there was no statistical significant correlation between (the type of AV, onset of AV and duration of AV) and H. pylori Ag in stool and H. pylori Ab in serum. Conclusion The prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with acne vulgaris is high so it may represent a risk factor for this skin disease. Also the indicators of H. pylori infection were positively correlated with the severity of AV.

Role of vitamin D supplement adjunct to topical benzoyl peroxide in acne: a randomized double-blinded controlled study

Background: Acne is an inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous unit. Previous studies have established a link between acne and vitamin D deficiency and the potential effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in treatment. However, the efficacy of vitamin D as an adjuvant treatment for acne remains unknown. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of weekly vitamin D2 oral administration as an adjunctive treatment to standard topical care for acne. Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial including subjects with mild-to-moderate acne. Topical 2.5% benzoyl peroxide was applied twice daily for 12 weeks to all subjects. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive either oral vitamin D2 40,000 IU weekly or placebo weekly during the treatment period. No additional treatment was administered during the 4-week follow-up period. Results: A total of 44 subjects were included in this study. All of them had inadequate 25(OH)D levels. Both regimens showed significant improvement in acne during the treatment period. Weekly vitamin D2 supplementation significantly prevented the relapse of inflammatory acne lesions (P = .048) at the follow-up visit. No adverse effects or biochemical changes were observed. Limitations: There were no subjects of severe acne vulgaris. Conclusion: Adjunctive weekly vitamin D2 supplementation to standard topical benzoyl peroxide could reduce relapses of inflammatory lesions in mild-to-moderate acne.

Application of Topical Minoxidil in Acne Vulgaris Treatment

Abstract Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) results from increased sebum production and Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) overgrowth, leading to pilosebaceous unit inflammation. The androgen-androgen receptor (AR) pathway significantly contributes to acne development, with minoxidil showing promise in suppressing AR-related activities. Objectives: This study aims to examine the mechanism and effectiveness of minoxidil in treating AV. Methods: The effects of minoxidil on lipid metabolism and bacterial infection/inflammation were tested. A clinical trial was performed to evaluate the effect of topical minoxidil on AV. Results: Minoxidil suppressed fatty acid synthase activity and lipid formation in an androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line in vitro and sebum formation in hamster flank organs in vivo. For C. acnes, minoxidil had a half-maximum inhibitory concentration of 5 mM. Both 2% and 5% minoxidil suppressed C. acnes-induced infection/inflammation in an animal model. A phase I/II clinical trial of topical minoxidil in treating AV using a split-face model demonstrated a good response and well-tolerated side effects. Compared to the untreated side, the numbers of all types of lesions decreased significantly on the treated side on day 3 (mean: −2.238, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.821 to −0.655, P = 0.008), day 8, and reached the maximum effect on day 15 (mean: −1.286, 95% CI: −2.151 to −0.420, P = 0.006). Responders to topical minoxidil may experience rapid regression of acne as early as 3 days of treatment. Conclusion: Our collective data indicate that minoxidil could inhibit AR-related functions and C. acnes growth in treating AV.

Investigating the Use of 0.3% Adapalene/2.5% Benzoyl Peroxide Gel for the Management of Moderate-to-Severe Acne in Indian Patients: A Phase 4 Study Assessing Safety and Efficacy.

Background Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit associated with an increase in sebum secretion. Topical treatment with adapalene and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is considered effective when used either as monotherapy or in fixed-dose combinations. However, the combination gel of 0.3% adapalene with 2.5% benzoyl peroxide (A0.3%+BPO2.5%) has not been evaluated in Indian patients with acne. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of A0.3%+BPO2.5% gel in Indian patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris. Methodology This was a 12-week prospective, multicenter, open-label, phase IV study conducted at six centers in India. Safety was assessed based on local tolerability (stinging or burning, erythema, dryness, and scaling) and any reported adverse events. Efficacy was evaluated based on reductions in the number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions, the Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) scale, and the Global Assessment of Improvement (GAI) score. The patient-reported outcome was measured using the Subject Satisfaction Questionnaire. Results Of the 135 patients, 132 completed the study between December 24, 2021, and July 18, 2022 (93.9% had moderate acne; 6.1% had severe acne at baseline). The A0.3%+BPO2.5% gel was well tolerated. The reductions in the severity scores of erythema, scaling, and dryness from baseline to week 12 were 38.9%, 47.4%, and 76.5%, respectively. A targeted reduction of ≥50% in the number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions was achieved in 115 (87.1%) and 109 (82.6%) patients, respectively. Based on the investigator's responses to the IGA questionnaire at week 12, 28% and 40.9% of patients had clear and almost clear skin, respectively. Using the GAI scale, investigators reported that at 12 weeks from baseline, most patients presented with improvements in symptoms, such as erythema, scaling, and dryness, and none reported any worsening. Treatment satisfaction was rated as 91% by the patients. Conclusions The A0.3%+BPO2.5% gel effectively reduced the inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions and was found to be safe and well tolerated in Indians with moderate‑to‑severe acne vulgaris.

A Comparative Analysis to Evaluate the Outcome and Effectiveness of Increasing the Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

Abstract Background: Acne vulgaris is a long-term inflammatory condition impacting the pilosebaceous units. The guidelines largely rely on expert opinions in light of certain facets of acne treatment. Before initiating our study, we conducted a prescription analysis involving 100 patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris. We noted that in the majority of these cases, the established guidelines were not adhered to. Therefore, we decided to conduct this study at our institute to see if there is any additional benefit of adding multiple drugs to the treatment regimen and to find out if there is a way to rationalize the same. Materials and Methods: For the study, 120 patients with acne vulgaris, graded 2 and 3 according to the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) Scale, were enrolled and divided into four groups. Patients were followed up for 8 weeks with visits at 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Group A was given clindamycin gel, Group B was given clindamycin gel + benzoyl peroxide gel (BPO) (2.5%), Group C was given clindamycin gel + BPO gel (2.5%) + oral doxycycline 100 mg, and Group D was given clindamycin gel + BPO gel (2.5%) + oral isotretinoin 20 mg. Results: This study showed that combination therapy with isotretinoin showed maximum reduction in IGA as well as in the total number of inflammatory lesions. Group C had similar efficacy to combination therapy with Group D as the results were not significantly different. Conclusions: The guidelines recommend adhering to protocols, specifically reserving isotretinoin for cases of very severe and treatment-resistant acne.

In severe acne vulgaris, TNF-α gene variants are connected to increased TNF-α gene expression and insulin resistance.

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting the pilosebaceous unit, commonly presenting as comedones, papules, pustules, or nodules on the face, upper limbs, torso, and back, with comedones formation being the primary pathology leading to disfiguring inflammation, hyperpigmentation, scarring, and psychological impact. The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of two genetic variants in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene and their association with insulin resistance (IR) in acne patients. To understand how these variants contribute to AV and its associated IR. An analytical cross-sectional study with a case-control design and research evaluation was carried out on 87 AV patients and 73 healthy volunteers. The medical histories of both groups were obtained, as well as the severity and duration of inflammation among acne sufferers, as well as demographic data. Biochemical analysis was performed on both sets of participants, including fasting blood glucose levels, insulin levels while fasting, IR, and serum TNF-α. PCR-RFLP analysis identified -863 G>A (rs1800630) and -308 G>A (rs1800629) variations, and real-time PCR analysis evaluated TNF-α gene expression in both patients and healthy people. Acne patients exhibited significantly higher levels of IR, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum TNF-α, and TNF-α folding change, when compared to healthy controls. The co-dominant model for -863 G>A and -308 G>A variants exhibited significant variations between the two groups. Severe acne patients who had the A/A genotype for -308 variants exhibited higher levels of IR, serum TNF-α, and TNF-α folding change. Highly significant positive linear correlation between IR, serum TNF-α, and TNF-α folding change in severe AV. There is a correlation between AV, especially severe acne, and the -863 G>A and -308 G>A polymorphism, which influences TNF-α gene expression and serum TNF-α levels.

Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus dysbiosis of the skin microbiome in acne and its decline after isotretinoin treatment

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease of the pilosebaceous unit of human skin. Previous studies have identified an acne‐associated dysbiosis of the skin microbiome.ObjectivesThis dysbiosis was mainly determined for Cutibacterium acnes. However, detailed analyses combining qualitative and quantitative aspects are scarce, also regarding the possible contribution of other skin bacteria and the impact of treatment.MethodsWe conducted a culture‐independent study to determine differences between the healthy skin and the acne microbiome before and after isotretinoin treatment. Three amplicon‐based sequencing approaches and digital droplet PCR for quantification were applied.ResultsOur results revealed a 2.2‐fold reduced abundance of C. acnes with a reduced diversity in the acne microbiome. A phylotype switch was found, which was mainly characterized by a significant relative decrease of IB and II strains in the acne microbiome. In contrast, the relative abundance of staphylococci increased significantly and the quantitative ratio of staphylococci to C. acnes strongly increased from 1:34 in the healthy cohort to 1:11 in the acne cohort. The diversity of staphylococci was reduced, mainly due to the decrease of Staphylococcus hominis, and the appearance and predominance of Staphylococcus aureus in some acne patients. Isotretinoin treatment drastically depleted C. acnes (37‐fold) and moderately also staphylococci (3.6‐fold). Isotretinoin treatment resulted in a decrease of Staphylococcus epidermidis and a significant increase of S. aureus on facial skin.ConclusionsThe switch from a C. acnes‐dominated healthy skin microbiome towards an acne microbiome that is relatively enriched in staphylococci could indicate a stronger impact of staphylococci in the pathophysiology of acne than currently acknowledged. Our data further showed that isotretinoin largely eliminated the skin microbiome and in particular C. acnes, but also S. epidermidis. Instead, more harmful bacteria such as S. aureus could expand, suggesting that posttreatment strategies should be considered to accelerate skin microbiome recovery.

Facial Acne Management and Sebum Reduction via Botulinum Toxin Type a Treatment: A Review

Context: Acne is a common skin condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit. Increased sebum production is a key component of acne pathogenesis. Various therapies are available for acne, including topical, systemic, and physical treatments. Botulinum toxin is increasingly used in facial cosmetic procedures. Observations suggest that botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) may reduce sebum levels in the face. This finding could potentially lead to the development of a new treatment for oily skin and acne. Evidence Acquisition: A retrospective literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases using keywords such as "acne," "acne treatment," "oily skin," and "botulinum toxin type A." The review focused on studies that assessed the impact of BoNT-A on patients with acne vulgaris and oily skin, as well as studies that measured skin sebum levels and pore size following BoNT-A application. Results: Nine studies were reviewed. Of these, two evaluated the effects of BoNT-A on 30 and 35 patients with acne vulgaris. Four studies assessed sebum reduction in 20, 50, 42, and 20 patients. Three studies evaluated both sebum reduction and pore size tightening in 10, 25, and 20 patients. Eight studies demonstrated that the application of BoNT-A has a positive effect on patients with acne and reduces sebum production in facial skin. Only one study, which evaluated both sebum reduction and pore size tightening, found no significant effect. Overall, the studies indicate that BoNT-A application can positively impact acne and reduce facial sebum production. Specifically, intradermal application of BoNT-A at low dosages can help reduce acne, sebum production, and tighten pores. Conclusions: BoNT-A shows promise as a treatment for acne and oily skin. While cost-effectiveness may be a challenge for some patients, the benefits of BoNT-A make it a treatment option worth considering. With further studies to optimize dosages and determine the longest duration of efficacy, BoNT-A has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of acne and oily skin.

The Relationship Between The Menstrual Cycle and The Incidence of Acne Vulgaris in Female Students at The Faculty of Medicine, Baiturrahmah University Padang Class of 2022

Acne vulgaris is a disease that attacks the pilosebaceous unit and can cause non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions, as well as varying degrees of scarring. In Southeast Asia, the prevalence of acne vulgaris reaches 40-80% of cases. The exact etiology and risk factors for the development of acne vulgaris remain uncertain. However, one factor that is thought to play a role is the fluctuation in estrogen and progesterone that occur during the menstrual cycle in women. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the menstrual cycle and the incidence of acne vulgaris in student at the faculty of medicine, Baiturrahmah University, Padang, class of 2022. The type of research is observational analytics, consist of 48 samples using a consecutive sampling technique. Univariate data analysis is presented and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. Data processing using the computerized SPSS version 25.0. The highest incidence of acne vulgaris was 75.0% and the highest menstrual cycle was normal was 64.6%. There is relationship between menstrual cycle disorders and the incidence of acne vulgaris (p=0.015) and none the relationship between abnormal menstrual cycles and the incidence of acne vulgaris (p=1.000). There is relationship between menstrual cycle disorders and the incidence of acne vulgaris and there is no relationship between abnormal menstrual cycles and the incidence of acne vulgaris instudent at the Faculty of Medicine, Baiturrahmah University, Padang, Class of 2022.

The human dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) morphology: A multimodal imaging approach

BackgroundDermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) in humans can be characterized as a relaxed dermal skin compartment consisting of functionally interlinked adipocytes. dWAT is typically discerned both in terms of morphology and function from subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). In particular in human thigh, the dWAT appears as thin extensions from the adipose panniculus to the dermis, and it is primarily associated with pilosebaceous units, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and erector pili muscles. In this work, human fat tissue samples obtained post-mortem from the gluteo-femoral region were analyzed focusing on the thin extensions of dWAT named dermal cones. This anatomical region was chosen to deepen the dWAT morphological features of this site which is interesting both for clinical applications and genetical studies. The purpose of this exploratory methodological study was to gain deeper insights into the morphological features of human dWAT through a multimodal imaging approach. MethodsOptical microscopy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), have been employed in this study. The cones’ length and their distances were measured on the acquired images for optical microscopy and SEM. The cone’s apparent regular distribution in MRI images was evaluated using a mathematical criterion, the conformity ratio, which is the ratio of the mean nearest-neighbor distance to its standard deviation. ResultsThe imaging techniques revealed white adipocytes forming a layer, referred to as sWAT, with cones measuring nearly 2 mm in size measured on SEM and Optical images (2.1 ± 0.4 mm), with the lower part embedded in the sWAT and the upper part extending into the dermis. The distance between the cones results about 1 mm measured on MRI images and they show an overall semiregular distribution. ConclusionsMRI images demonstrated an orderly arrangement of cones, and their 3D reconstruction allowed to elucidate the dermal cones’ disposition in the tissue sample and a more general comprehensive visualization of the entire fat structure within the dermis.

Beyond the Surface: Understanding Demodex and Its Link to Blepharitis and Facial Dermatoses.

Demodex represents the most frequent ectoparasite found in humans. Although Demodex mites are considered commensals of human pilosebaceous units, an abnormally high mite density can cause several ocular and cutaneous symptoms and signs, sometimes to a severe degree. Both Demodex spp. (folliculorum and brevis) play a significant part in eye pathology and facial dermatoses. These mites have been related to blepharitis, ocular rosacea, meibomian gland dysfunction and various skin diseases, including rosacea, demodicosis and seborrheic dermatitis. Understanding the importance of Demodex in both eye and skin conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management strategies, which may involve targeted treatments to control the mite population and reduce associated symptoms.

New Molecules of Importance in the Prevention and Treatment of Acne: A Systematic Patent Review (2016-2020).

Acne is a highly prevalent disease that mainly affects the pilosebaceous units associated with sebaceous glands, causing inflammatory skin lesions and affecting the self-esteem, mental health, and quality of life of those who suffer from this disease. Different treatments exist today to prevent, reduce, and improve symptoms; however, over the years, there have been problems with bacterial resistance and slight effectiveness with prolonged use. The purpose of this article is based on the review of patents of new products of principal topical administration for the treatment of acne in recent years 2016-2020, to evaluate and analyze novel synthetic molecules and semi-synthetics with potential therapeutic and preventive in the acne treatment. A systematic review of patents was conducted through the official database of the European Patent Office - Espacenet, where the search focused on the keywords: "acne and bacteria" in the title or abstract. Only patents granted between the years 2016-2020 were included, with products having molecules with a synthetic and semi-synthetic origin, without considering natural, biological products or those used as diagnostic means. A total of 19 patents were selected, most with principally antimicrobial and antiinflammatory action, where the reduction in the appearance of resistance by C. acnes is verified, and its action is complemented by inhibiting the different pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to the worsening of the disease. Novel approaches in the treatment and prevention of acne, mainly topically, are focused on the reduction of bacterial resistance and irritation compared to current treatments. The use of combined formulations provides better results with additional benefits, improving treatment times and patient adherence.

Exploring the Potential of Tinospora cordifolia: Formulation and Evaluation of an Innovative Antiacne Cream

The study explores the causes, evaluation, and treatment of Acne vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory condition caused by Cutibacterium acnes, affecting the pilosebaceous unit. Tinospora cordifolia which is commonly known as gurjo, guduchi or giloy. It is a Menispermaceae herbaceous vine that is only found in the tropics of the Indian subcontinent. The usefulness of these remedies is still debatable despite clinical research, despite being used in Ayurveda to treat a variety of diseases. It has therapeutic qualities such as anti-diabetic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-stress, anti-leprotic, antimalarial, Antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-neoplastic activities, which have been described by scientific research. In this research we have tried to evaluate the formulation of Tinospora cordifolia that shows the Anti-microbial activity for the treatment of Acne vulgaris. We have tested the microbial growth with the help of nutrition broth. We have performed various evaluation parameters of formulation like pH, viscosity, spreadability, physical appearance etc. The results that were obtained were under expectated limits.

Two cases of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis successfully treated with abrocitinib.

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) is a rare, non-infectious, inflammatory disease characterized by an eosinophil-dominated infiltrate within and around pilosebaceous units. Sometimes, EPF manifests with eruptions in follicle-free areas, although it is not common, and treatment may be difficult. In this case study we report two patients with refractory EPF who presented with eruptions of both classic follicle areas and follicle-free areas. These two patients were successfully treated with abrocitinib after treatment failure with several traditional therapies, such as indomethacin, steroids, and cyclosporin. One patient achieved complete remission at week 4 and the other at week 1, with no reported adverse effects. Therefore, we believe that abrocitinib may be a viable and safe therapeutic option for refractory EPF.

Mapping the evolution of acne research based on 100 top-cited articles: A bibliometric analysis of trends and hotspots from 2014 to 2023.

Acne is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous unit, which seriously affects the appearance and mental health of patients. Bibliometrics is the statistical analysis of academic literature in a certain field. We aimed to characterize the 100 most cited articles on acne from a bibliometric perspective, as well as explore the frontier hotspots and trends of acne. A search was conducted on the Web of Science database on August 8, 2023. we employed the terms "acne," "acne Vulgaris," and "common acne" in our search. The top 100 articles with the most citations throughout the time frame of 2014 to 2023 were discovered and assessed. The visualization study was carried out using bibliometric tools such as CiteSpace 6.2.R4, VOSviewer 1.6.18, and MapChart. The top 100 most cited articles were published between 2014 and 2021, originated from a diverse range of 48 countries, with a predominant focus on the United States of America (USA) and Germany. The top 100 papers were cited between 50 and 712 times. Dreno B, from Nantes University, was the most frequently nominated author. With 12 papers, the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology contributed the most to the top 100 list. Alongside the term "acne", the following terms or phrases were observed frequency in the top 100 articles, Cutibacterium acnes, sebaceous, western diet, antibiotic resistance, staphylococcus-epidermidis, insulinlike growth factor 1, benzoyl peroxide, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Alongside the term "acne", terms or phrases such as Cutibacterium acnes, sebaceous, western diet, antibiotic resistance, staphylococcus-epidermidis, insulinlike growth factor 1, benzoyl peroxide, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc also have a high frequency in the top 100 articles. This analysis summarizes the shifting trends of acne research over the last decades. Research on acne is currently flourishing. The related pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies have been the focus of current research and developmental trends in future research.

Advancing precision acne therapy using a novel photopneumatic device

ABSTRACT Photopneumatic therapy (PPT) combines vacuum and pulsed, broadband light to extract debris and bacteria from the pilosebaceous units; monotherapy is unexplored. Facial acne lesions and skin texture were evaluated after up to six PPT treatments, 1–2 weeks apart for 15–20 minutes per treatment using customized energy settings, in seven female patients with inflammatory, comedonal and pustular lesions. Lesion and redness reduction with improvement in skin texture and pore size were observed after 1–3 treatments; adverse effects were infrequent. PPT may optimize lesion clearance as monotherapy and/or as an adjuvant. The ability to change pulse structure, pulse duration, vacuum pressure and fluence allow for treatment that best matches skin type and acne severity.