Pillar Width Research Articles

Control Techniques for Gob-Side Entry Driving in an Extra-Thick Coal Seam with the Influence of Upper Residual Coal Pillar: A Case Study

In multi-seam mining, the residual coal pillar (RCP) in the upper gob has an important influence on the layout of the roadway in the lower coal seam. At present, few papers have studied the characteristics of the surrounding rock of gob-side entry driving (GED) with different coal pillar widths under the influence of RCP. This research contributes to improving the recovery rate of the extra-thick coal seam under this condition. The main research contents were as follows: (1) The mechanical parameters of the rock and coal mass were obtained using laboratory experiments coupled with Roclab software. These parameters were substituted into the established main roof structure mechanics model to derive the breakage position of the main roof with the influence of RCP, and the rationality of the calculation results was verified by borehole-scoping. (2) Based on numerical simulation, the evolution laws of the lateral abutment stress in the lower working face at different relative distances to the RCP were studied. FLAC3D was used to study the whole space-time evolution law of deviatoric stress and plastic zone of GED during driving and retreating periods with various coal pillar widths under the influence of RCP. (3) The plasticization factor P was introduced to quantify the evolution of the plastic zone in different subdivisions of the roadway surrounding rock, so as to better evaluate the bearing performance of the surrounding rock, which enabled a more effective determination of the reasonable coal pillar width. The field application results showed that it was feasible to set up the gob-side entry with an 8 m coal pillar below the RCP. The targeted support techniques with an 8 m coal pillar could effectively control the surrounding rock deformation.

Determination of Narrow Coal Pillar Width and Roadway Surrounding Rock Support Technology in Gob Driving Roadway

In order to determine the rational width of coal pillars and study the surrounding rock control technology of gob side entry driving with a narrow coal pillar, this paper first calculates the width of narrow coal pillar according to limit equilibrium theory; after that, the lateral support pressure and plastic zone development of the goaf is analyzed by numerical simulation to determine the rational width of reserved coal pillar; finally, through the ring breaking deformation regulation of surrounding rock of the gob side entry, the deformation and failure characteristics of the gob-side roadway during excavation and the influence of mining on the deformation and failure of the gob-side roadway are analyzed. The research results show that, combined with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the width of narrow coal pillar is decided to be 10 m; the deformation of the coal pillar side of the gob side roadway is much bigger than the roof subsidence, the deformation of the solid coal wall and the floor deformation; after the bolt support design of the gob side roadway, the deformation and damage of the gob side roadway during the driving period is small; during mining, the deformation of the narrow coal pillar wall is the key factor to determine the stability of the gob roadway; under the bolt support scheme, the overall deformation and failure of surrounding rock of the goaf roadway is small, and the control effect of the surrounding rock of the goaf roadway is good.

Rock Damage Model Coupled Stress-Seepage and Its Application in Water Inrush from Faults in Coal Mines.

Mining-induced fractures often constitute water inrush channels, which lead to mine water inrush accidents. In this paper, a coupled model of stress–seepage–damage based on micromechanics is established, which simulates the initiation and propagation of cracks in rock materials and their interaction with fluid flow. The method combines the continuous damage model with the effective stress principle, in which the elastic modulus and permeability are related to the damage variables. The model is implemented via the COMSOL code based on the finite element method, and the reliability of the model is verified by the axial compression–seepage test of standard rock samples. According to the actual geological conditions of F13 fault in Wugou Coal Mine, Anhui Province, the damage of the floor rock mass and the risk of fault water inrush in the 1033 mining face with 50, 40, 30, and 20 m waterproof coal pillars are predicted. When the coal pillar width is 30 or 20 m, the fault, the surrounding rock of the fault, and the failure zone of the floor constitute the water inrush channel. This model provides an intuitive understanding of the rock damage and water inrush evolution, which is difficult to observe, and will contribute to prevent water inrush disasters in practical engineering.

Novel approach in fabricating microchannel-structured La(Fe,Si)13Hy magnetic refrigerant via low-contamination route using dissolutive mold

Herein, as the fabrication of the microchannels for fluid flow using La(Fe,Si)13 magnetic refrigerant material is required while maintaining its superior magnetocaloric performance, sinter molding of the microchannel-designed La(Fe,Si)13 was investigated using a dissolutive mold comprised of NaCl to develop a molding process without contamination by carbon and other light elements. In addition, to avoid the thermal decomposition of fine particles of La(Fe,Si)13, a solid-state reaction was conducted during sintering using a mixture of α-Fe and La-rich compounds as the initial powder. After sintering, the sample shape exhibited channel widths and depths of 200 μm and pillar widths of 300 μm, which were originally designed for the NaCl dissolutive mold. The metallographic microstructure mostly comprised the La(Fe,Si)13 phase, and the volume fractions of the extra phases, such as α-Fe and La2O3, were suppressed to 1.1 % and 3.2 %, respectively. The maximum of the magnetic entropy change in a single pillar reached −19 J/kg K. Direct observation of magnetic nucleation/growth confirmed the smooth emergence of the first-order transitions in multiple pillars. Consequently, this fabrication approach promoted micro-channel-designed La(Fe,Si)13Hy while maintaining a large magnetocaloric effect via low carbon contamination.

Determination of coal pillar width for gob‐side entry driving in isolated coal face and its control in deep soft‐broken coal seam: A case study

AbstractLarge deformation control of surrounding rock in deep soft‐broken coal roadway has always been a key scientific and technological problem restricting the deep coal resources exploitation. Taking the gob‐side entry driving (GED) in isolated coal face under deep soft‐broken coal as research object, the prominent difficulties of surrounding rock control were clarified. Through numerical simulation, the evolution laws of deviatoric stress and plastic zone of GED under different coal pillar widths were studied. Combined with rational calculation, reasonable coal pillar width was determined to be 7.0 m. The study shows that severe disturbance distance in the front section of the coal face is 22 m, and makes it clear that coal pillar and roof are the key control areas. A subregional asymmetric combined support technology named anchor cable truss in roof and coal pillar + anchor cable in solid coal + single prop reinforced support in 25 m ahead of the coal face was proposed. The field application and ground pressure observation results show that good control effect has been achieved after adopting subregional asymmetric support technology under 7 m coal pillar width. The research results have important reference significance for safe mining in deep coal resources.

Field and simulation study of the rational retracement channel position and control strategy in close‐distance coal seams

AbstractDifferent from single coal seam mining, the stress evolution in the end mining stage of close‐distance coal seams is extremely complex. The unreasonable position and support of the lower retracement channel will cause serious deformation and damage to the surrounding rock. Taking the Yanzishan coal mine as the engineering background, the deformation and failure characteristics of the retracement channel under different overlay environments and the key influencing factors of position design were discussed by numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and field investigation. The results show that the coupling superposition of upper coal pillar high stress and mining dynamic pressure will form a dangerous area with severe ground pressure behavior. The retracement channel should be preferentially designed in zone A (overlying mining roadways), followed by zone B (overlying end‐mining coal pillar), and finally, zone C (overlying section coal pillar). In addition, the rational horizontal distance between the lower retracement channel and the upper end‐mining coal pillar should make the channel in a good stress environment. The safety distance between the retracement channel and the nearest main roadway (end‐mining coal pillar width) should be greater than the severe range of advance abutment pressure. Finally, the design principle and control strategy for the lower retracement channel is proposed. The feasibility and rationality of the study are verified by industrial applications.

Study on Deformation and Fracture Evolution of Underground Reservoir Coal Pillar Dam under Different Mining Conditions

Coal mine underground reservoir water storage technology is an effective technical way to achieve high efficiency of coal mining and protection of water resources. The stability of coal pillar dam plays a decisive role in the safe and stable operation of underground reservoirs. Mining of adjacent working faces and long-term water erosion are the main influencing factors of stability of coal pillar dam. In this paper, a fluid-solid coupling calculation model for the deformation and evolution of coal pillar dam was established by FLAC3D numerical simulation software and the underground brine reservoir of Lingxin Coal Mine of Shenning group as an engineering background. The paper studied systematically the deformation, failure, and stress evolution of the dam with coal pillars soaked in water for a long time under different working face inclining length, coal pillar width, mining height, and water pressure. The simulation results showed that the degree of deformation and failure of the coal pillar dam continued to increase with the continuous advancement of the working face. The plastic zone of the coal pillar dam was increased by approximately 23.53%, the maximum vertical stress was increased by approximately 95.78%, and the maximum vertical deformation was increased by approximately 68.18%. The influence of each factor on the deformation and failure of overburden strata is quite different. The development range of plastic zone, the maximum vertical stress, and the maximum vertical deformation were increasing with the increased of working face inclined length and mining height. The increasing width of coal pillar would lead to the decrease of maximum vertical stress. The increase of water pressure would lead to the decrease of maximum vertical deformation. It can be seen that the inclined length of the working face is the main factor affecting the deformation and failure of the coal pillar dam. Coal pillar width and mining height are the main factors affecting the development of plastic zone. This study reveals the law of deformation and fracture evolution of coal pillar dam under different mining conditions, which can provide a reference for the design of coal pillar dam of coal mine underground reservoir.

Study on the strength characteristics and failure characteristics of the composite load-bearing structure in the cemented filling field

The continuous mining and filling cemented coal mining (CMCB) technology solves the problem of unbalanced mining and filling efficiency in the coal mining with lane-type cemented filling. In order to study the alternate bearing characteristics of the roof of the field under this process, it is divided into the coal pillar bearing area, co-bearing area, and the filling body bearing area. In order to further study the mechanical properties and failure characteristics of the composite load-bearing structure composed of the filling body - coal pillar - filling body (FCF) in the co-bearing area, the strength growth law of the FCF and its crack expansion law is revealed through the uniaxial compression test. And the primary and secondary load-bearing relationships between the coal pillar and the filling body were obtained by the digital image correlation (DIC) method and the static strain test. The influence of coal pillar width on the strength of the FCF is further revealed by establishing the PFC model. The results show that: increasing the strength of the filling body can improve the overall strength of the FCF both directly and indirectly; while the interaction between the filling body and the coal pillar is distributed as large in the middle and small at the ends, and increases significantly with the increase in the strength of the filling body; the cracks of the FCF appear first at the weak structural surface formed by the coal pillar and the filling body, and the coal pillar is the main load-bearing structure before the peak stress, and gradually transitions to the secondary load-bearing structure in the post-peak deformation stage. The test results can be used as a reference for the design of the width of the lane, the optimization of the mining process, and the proportioning of the filling slurry.

Ensuring the excavation workings stability when developing excavation sites of flat-lying coal seams by three workings

On the basis of analysis of mining plans and field studies at mines of JSC SUEK-Kuzbass, it is shown that in conditions of increasing the size of excavation columns during the development of flat-lying coal seams the stress-strain state of the rock mass along the workings length changes significantly. The necessity of predicting the stress-strain state at the design stage of the workings timbering standards, as well as subsequent monitoring of the workings roof state and its changes in the mining operations using video endoscopes, is noted. The results of numerical studies of the stress-strain state of the rock mass during the development of excavation sites by three workings for various combinations of width of the pillars between the workings for mining-geological and mining-technical conditions of the “Taldinskaya-Zapadnaya-2” mine are provided. The stresses in the vicinity of the three workings are compared with the values obtained during the development of the excavation sites by double drift. A set of recommendations on the choice of the location of the workings, the width of pillars, timbering standards that ensure the stable condition of the workings throughout the entire service life at the minimal losses of coal in the pillars is presented.

Study on Hydraulic Connection and Seepage Law of Goaf Groups in Coal Mine Underground Reservoir

A coal mine underground reservoir, composed of a large number of goaf groups, is effective in achieving the protective utilization of coal mine water. Mastering the hydraulic connection between the goaf groups and the law of seepage is the key to the design and safe operation of coal mine underground reservoirs. Coal/rock sample seepage tests were conducted in Wanli No. 1 Mine in the Shendong mining area according to the evolution law of the lateral supporting pressure of the coal pillars. From the tests, the function of vertical stress in relation to the permeability of coal/rock samples was obtained and the distribution law of permeability of porous media in the goaf was revealed. On this basis, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical calculation of seepage properties of the coal/rock pillars was conducted. The results show that with the decrease of water level in the goaf and the increase of coal pillar width, the flow range and flow velocity keep decreasing. At the water level of 18.65, 28.65, and 38.65 m, the critical coal pillar widths for the goaf water to penetrate into the adjacent goaf are 30, 50, and 70 m, respectively. When the coal pillar width is less than 10 m, the water can bypass the elastic core area at the bottom coal seam to the adjacent goaf area; when the width exceeds 20 m, the water cannot enter the adjacent goaf area through the bottom coal pillar. On the basis of CFD simulation study on seepage properties of coal/rock pillars between goafs, this paper conducts calculations for all the goafs in the 4-2 coal-panel block of Wanli No. 1 Mine and reveals the seepage path and seepage law in the underground reservoir of this mine.

Study on Reasonable Chain Pillar Size in a Thick Coal Seam

In order to solve the problem of low coal recovery rate caused by leaving large coal pillars in deep mines, the study determined the reasonable width of the section pillar, which based on the theory of coal pillar stress distribution, taking the 4102 headgate of Wenjiapo coal mine as the engineering background. Field monitoring and numerical simulation results show that the influence range of the lateral abutment pressure in the goaf is 50~56 m, and the abutment stress distribution in the coal pillar resembles a hump with two peaks of 38.9 MPa and 33.6 MPa, respectively. The positions of the double peaks are located at 12 m and 36 m in the coal pillar, respectively. In the range of “hump,” the section pillar vertical stress is in the original rock stress and is relatively stable. It can be regarded as an elastic zone in the coal pillar with strong bearing capacity, the coal in other areas have already undergone plastic yielding, and the bearing capacity has been reduced; the width of coal pillars in the determined section has been reduced from 46 m to 33 m, which is a reduction of 13 m. The research results have been applied in the 4106 headgate in the same mining area, and good test results have been obtained. The maximum subsidence of the roof-to-floor and rib-to-rib convergence is 286 mm and 150 mm, this indicates that its deformation was within the allowable limits, and the cross-section area was sufficient to satisfy the requirements.

The Coal Pillar Width Effect of Principal Stress Deflection and Plastic Zone Form of Surrounding Rock Roadway in Deep Excavation

In order to explore the influence of coal pillar width on the principal stress deflection and plastic zone form of surrounding rock in deep roadway excavation, taking 11030 working face transportation roadway of Zhaogu No. 2 Coal Mine as engineering background, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field detection were used to study the effect of coal pillar width on principal stress deflection and plastic zone form and field detection and verification of plastic zone form of surrounding rock in 11030 transportation roadway. The results show that the maximum principal stress is deflected in the vertical direction, which in roadway surrounding rock excavation. The coal pillar width effect of principal stress deflection on both sides of roadway roof and floor and inside coal pillar are more obvious than that of middle roof and floor, coal pillar edge and coal wall position. The deflection of the principal stress affects the morphological distribution of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock, which led to the width effect of coal pillar in roof, and two sides plastic zone are more obvious than that in floor. The principal stress deflection of roadway surrounding rock is highly consistent with the maximum damage depth of plastic zone, and at the same time, the drilling peep results of surrounding rock are basically consistent with the form characteristics of plastic zone in numerical simulation. On this basis, the surrounding rock reinforcement support scheme of 11030 working face transportation roadway was proposed.

Stress Evolution Mechanism and Control Technology for Reversing Mining and Excavation under Mining-Induced Dynamic Pressure in Deep Mine

In order to alleviate the relationship between mining and roadway, the 3204 working face and the 3206 roadway in Shanxi Taitou coal mine are taken as an example, and the width of mining and the support parameters of mining while reversing mining and excavation under dynamic pressure are optimized. The research includes field investigations, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field tests. Based on the characteristics of roof fracture and the distribution of coal pillar stresses that determine the coal pillar is 18.7 m wide, the control scheme of mining while reversing mining and excavation was developed; the stress of coal pillar and the characteristics of roadway deformation and failure are summarized. By means of FLAC3D numerical simulation software, the influence of coal pillar widths and different mining positions on the stability of roadway surrounding rock are discussed. The asymmetric support structure of trapezoidal roadway is proposed as the core support, and the support scheme of dense bolts and anchor cables is proposed. The support of the 3206 return airway is composed of bolt, anchor cable, and anchor mesh, combined with M-shaped steel belt and steel beam. Through the research on the current situation of roadway support, the support scheme is optimized to make the 3206 return airway meet the production requirements, which provides a new breakthrough for roadway support under dynamic pressure in deep mines in China.

Web pillar stability in open-pit highwall mining

When highwall mining technology is applied to recover large amounts of residual coal left under the highwall of a big open-pit mine, a reasonable coal pillar width is required to ensure the stability of the web pillars. Using numerical simulations, this paper studied the characteristics of the abutment stress distribution in the web pillars under different slope angles and mining depths, and established a relation describing the stress distribution in the web pillar. The relationship between the abutment stress and the ultimate strength of the web pillar under different pillar widths was also analyzed. In combination with the failure characteristics of the pillar yield zone, this relationship was used to explore the instability mechanism of web pillars. Finally, the optimal retaining widths of the web pillars were determined. Based on the modeling results, a mechanical bearing model of the web pillar was established and a cusp catastrophe model of pillar-overburden was constructed. Additionally, the web pillar instability criterion was derived. By analyzing the ultimate strength of the web pillars, a formula for calculating the yield zone width either side of the pillars was established. Using the instability criterion of web pillars in highwall mining, a reasonable pillar width can be deduced theoretically, providing significant guidance on the application of highwall mining technology.

Investigation on Coal Pillar Stability between Different Shapes of Gasifier Cavities under High Temperatures during UCG

The shape of the gasifier cavity and the high temperatures induced by underground coal gasification (UCG) have a significant influence on the failure characteristics of the surrounding rock. In this study, the variations in the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock in gasifier cavities subjected to different temperatures (20–700°C) were obtained experimentally, and the results were used to establish numerical models. FLAC3D was used to analyse the failure of the surrounding rock in drop-shaped and traditional rectangular gasifier cavities. The mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock in the numerical model were assigned a gradient distribution based on the temperature propagation law and the experimental results. The results revealed that the temperature of the surrounding rock has a significant influence on the coal pillar stability, and the surrounding rock primarily undergoes shear failure. As the temperature of the surrounding rock increases, the width of the stable coal pillar increases exponentially; the reasonable widths for coal pillars between adjacent drop-shaped gasifier cavities are 12 m (room temperature), 17 m (700°C and 850°C), 18 m (1000°C), 19 m (1150°C), and 20 m (1300°C). In contrast, the reasonable width of coal pillars in traditional rectangular gasifier cavities is approximately 21 m, which is significantly higher than that for drop-shaped gasifier cavities.

Stability Risk Assessment of Underground Rock Pillars Using Logistic Model Trees.

Pillars are important structural elements that provide temporary or permanent support in underground spaces. Unstable pillars can result in rock sloughing leading to roof collapse, and they can also cause rock burst. Hence, the prediction of underground pillar stability is important. This paper presents a novel application of Logistic Model Trees (LMT) to predict underground pillar stability. Seven parameters—pillar width, pillar height, ratio of pillar width to height, uniaxial compressive strength of rock, average pillar stress, underground depth, and Bord width—are employed to construct LMTs for rock and coal pillars. The LogitBoost algorithm is applied to train on two data sets of rock and coal pillar case histories. The two models are validated with (i) 10-fold cross-validation and with (ii) another set of new case histories. Results suggest that the accuracy of the proposed LMT is the highest among other common machine learning methods previously employed in the literature. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis indicates that the average stress, p, and the ratio of pillar width to height, r, are the most influential parameters for the proposed models.

Numerical investigation of droplet impact on heated surfaces with pillars

This work proposes an improved three-dimensional double multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann model that can correctly recover the macroscopic temperature equation. Using this model, the impact of a droplet on a heated surface with pillars is simulated, and the effects of pillar width (w) and distance between pillars (b) are analyzed in detail. Four boiling droplet types are numerically reproduced, namely, deposition boiling, contact boiling, transition boiling, and film boiling. In the deposition boiling regime, no vapor bubble generation is observed within the droplet, but secondary droplets are generated at the periphery of the droplet due to the sharp geometric profile of the pillars and the differences in the rate of evaporation. The difference between contact boiling and transition boiling lies in whether the droplet is always in contact with the surface. For conditions with large w values, contact boiling is not observed, due to the high-pressure peaks from below, while for smaller w, a transition from deposition boiling to transition boiling, then to contact boiling, and subsequently to transition boiling can be observed. Two obvious vortices are found in the center of the liquid film with decreased b, which results in bubble nucleation even at low Ja values. In addition, boiling may take place, in which a stable vapor layer is formed between the droplet and the surface by increasing Ja, which leads to a significant reduction in the heat transfer efficiency.

Influence of Yield Pillar Width on Coal Mine Roadway Stability in Western China: A Case Study

Roadway excavation technology in underground coal mines has an important impact on mining efficiency and production safety. High-efficiency and rapid excavation of underground roadways in coal mines are important means to improve the production efficiency of coal mines. To tackle the problems of instability of roadway and support difficulties, the tail entry of panel 3105 in Mataihao Mine was used as the case study. The methods of underground investigation, theoretical analysis, and FLAC3D numerical simulation were used to analyze the stability of the surrounding rock under different yield pillar widths. Through the stress field, displacement field, and plastic zone of roadway surrounding rock, the stability of the rock surrounding the roadway under different yield pillar widths (4 m, 6 m, and 8 m) was analyzed. The results show that, with the increase in the yield pillar width, the plastic zone failure and displacement of the roadway surrounding rock are mainly manifested in the narrow pillar rib, seam rib, roof, and floor. The plastic zone distribution changes slightly; the roadway displacement exhibits basic symmetry. The vertical stress and the displacement of the two sides increase with the increase in the yield pillar width, and the roof displacement and the ratio of tensile failure of the surrounding rock decrease with the increase in the yield pillar width. According to the dynamic evolution law of the rock surrounding the roadway along the goaf side, the effect of the yield pillar size is revealed, and a reasonable yield pillar width is determined. When the yield pillar width is 6 m, the plastic zone failure of the surrounding rock and the displacement of the two sides of the roof are the most balanced among the three schemes. This provides a reference for the selection of the narrow yield pillar size in coal mines under the same geological conditions.

Stability and Cementation of the Surrounding Rock in Roof-Cutting and Pressure-Relief Entry under Mining Influence

The application of roof-cutting and pressure-relief gob-side entry retention plays a critical role in controlling the stability of the surrounding rock at the entry, easing continuity tension and improving resource recovery ratio. The excavation of the 360,803 airway in Xinji No. 1 Mine is affected by intense mining of the 360,805 working face. Hence, to address the stability problem of surrounding rock in the 360,803 airway, rock mass blast weakening theory was used in this study to analyze the blasting stress of columnar charged rock mass and obtain the radiuses of crushed, fractured, and vibration zones under uncoupled charging conditions. The reasonable array pitch, length, and dip angle of boreholes were determined according to the pressure-relief range of the blasting fracture. The migration laws of roof strata were explored based on a mechanical model of overlying roof strata structure on the working face. Subsequently, the horizon, breaking span, and caving sequence of hard roof strata were obtained to determine the roof-cutting height of this entry. On the basis of the theory of key stratum, the number of sequences at the roof caving limit stratum and hanging roof length in the goaf were calculated, the analytical solution to critical coal pillar width was acquired, the evaluation indexes for the stability of entry-protecting coal pillars were determined, and the engineering requirements for the 25 m entry-protecting coal pillars in the 360,803 airway were met. Moreover, various indexes such as roof separation fracture, displacement of surrounding rock, and loose circle of surrounding rock in the gob-side entry were analyzed. The stability and cementation status of surrounding rock in the 360,803 airway were evaluated, and tunneling safety was ensured.

Feasibility analysis of a single-well retreating horizontal cavern for natural gas storage in bedded salt rock

Compared with vertical storage, horizontal storage in bedded salt rock deposits is reasonable and scientific for large-capacity gas storage and for avoiding the risk of interlayer and interfacial oil and gas leaks. The single-well retreating horizontal (SWRH) leaching method is introduced in this paper. After calculating similarity ratios, a physical similarity simulation experiment was conducted for inferring the cavern shape. A numerical model was developed based on the inferred cavern shape, and the stability of the SWRH cavern was analysed. Reasonable values of the cycle frequency and the roof and floor salt layers’ thicknesses were determined. The effects of the pillar width and asynchronous internal gas pressure between adjacent caverns were analysed. The results show that the SWRH cavern satisfies the safety requirements of bedded salt rock districts over the entire design lifetime. A cyclic frequency that is too low and asynchronous internal gas pressure are not conducive to the stability and reliability of the cavern. To ensure stability, the thicknesses of the roof and floor salt rock layers of the horizontal cavern should exceed 16 m and 6 m, respectively. This study opens new vistas for constructing horizontal gas-storage systems in bedded salt rock.