Piezoelectric Fiber Reinforced Composite Research Articles

Active control of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of functionally graded laminated composite plates using piezoelectric fiber reinforced composites

This paper deals with the geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis of functionally graded (FG) laminated composite plates integrated with a patch of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is considered to be made of the piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) material. Each layer of the substrate FG laminated composite plate is made of fiber-reinforced composite material in which the fibers are longitudinally aligned in the plane parallel to the top or bottom surface of the layer and the layer is assumed to be graded in the thickness direction by way of varying the fiber orientation angle across its thickness according to a power-law. The novelty of the present work is that, unlike the traditional laminated composite plates, the FG laminated composite plates are constructed in such a way that the continuous variation of material properties and stresses across the thickness of the plates is achieved. The constrained viscoelastic layer of the ACLD treatment is modeled using the Golla–Hughes–McTavish (GHM) method. Based on the first-order shear deformation (FSDT) theory, a finite element model has been developed to model the open-loop and closed-loop nonlinear dynamics of the overall FG laminated composite plates. Both symmetric and asymmetric FG laminated composite plates are considered as the substrate plates for presenting the numerical results. The analysis suggests the potential use of the ACLD treatment with its constraining layer made of the PFRC material for active control of geometrically nonlinear forced vibrations of FG laminated composite plates. The effect of piezoelectric fiber orientation in the active constraining PFRC layer on the damping characteristics of the overall FG plates is also investigated.

Active structural-acoustic control of laminated composite plates using vertically/obliquely reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composite patch

This article deals with the active structural-acoustic control of thin laminated composite plates using vertically reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite (PFRC) material for constraining layer of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment. A finite element model is developed for the laminated composite plates integrated with ACLD patches and coupled with acoustic cavity to describe the coupled structural-acoustic behavior of the plates enclosing the cavity. Both in-plane and out of plane actuation of the constraining layer of the ACLD treatment have been utilized for deriving the finite element model. The analysis revealed that the vertical actuation dominates over the in-plane actuation. The performance of PFRC layers of the patches has been investigated for active control of sound radiated from thin symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply and antisymmetric angle-ply laminated composite plates into the acoustic cavity.

Active constrained layer damping of geometrically nonlinear transient vibrations of composite plates using piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite

This paper addresses the analysis of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of geometrically nonlinear transient vibrations of laminated thin composite plates using piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite (PFRC) materials. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is considered to be made of the PFRC materials. The Golla–Hughes–McTavish (GHM) method has been used to model the constrained viscoelastic layer of the ACLD treatment in the time domain. A finite element model has been developed for the cross-ply and antisymmetric angle-ply plates integrated with the patches of ACLD treatment undergoing geometrically nonlinear vibrations. The Von Ka`rma`n-type nonlinear strain displacement relations and the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) are used for deriving this coupled electromechanical nonlinear finite element model. The numerical results indicate that the ACLD patches significantly improve the damping characteristics of the cross-ply and antisymmetric angle-ply plates for suppressing the geometrically nonlinear transient vibrations of the plates. Emphasis has also been placed on investigating the effect of variation of fiber orientation in the PFRC material on the control authority of the ACLD patches.

Effective properties of thermo-electro-mechanically coupled piezoelectric fiber reinforced composites

In the present work, strength of materials based approach has been used for determination of effective coupled thermo-electro-mechanical (TEM) properties of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC). Rectangular representative volume element (RVE) with rectangular fibers has been considered and dependencies of effective coupled thermo-electro-mechanical coefficients of PFRC on fiber volume fraction have been studied. Results obtained for electro-mechanical coefficients have been compared with already published results [Mallik N, Ray MC. Effective coefficients of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composites. AIAA J 2003;41:704–10. Ray MC. Micromechanics of piezoelectric composites with improved effective piezoelectric constant. Int Mech Mater Des 2006;3:361–71] and show an excellent agreement. Results also show that effective thermal coefficients are reduced and the effective pyroelectric coefficients for PFRC are increased (for some fiber volume fraction range) compared to that in bulk piezoelectric materials. Model predicts strong dependence of the effective coefficients of the PFRC on the fiber volume fraction as well as elastic properties of matrix.

Geometrically Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Composite Plates Integrated with the Patches of Piezoelectric Fiber-reinforced Composite

Geometrically nonlinear static analysis of laminated smart composite plates integrated with the patches of piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite (PFRC) material acting as the distributed actuators has been carried out by a generalized energy based finite element model. The Von Karman type nonlinear strain displacement relations and a simple first-order shear deformation theory are used for deriving this coupled electromechanical finite element model. Eight-noded isoparametric serendipity elements are used for discretizing the overall plates. The nonlinear finite element equilibrium equations are solved by Picard's direct iteration method under relaxation. The performance of the PFRC patches has been investigated for both symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply and antisymmetric angle-ply laminated composite plate substrates with different boundary conditions. Particular emphasis has been placed on investigating the effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber orientation on the actuating capability of the PFRC patches for counteracting the nonlinear deformations of the smart composite plates. The results suggest the potential use of the patches of PFRC material for distributed control of nonlinear deformations of smart composite structures.

Nonlinear finite element analysis of functionally graded plates integrated with patches of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite

In this paper, a nonlinear static finite element analysis of simply supported smart functionally graded (FG) plates in the presence/absence of the thermal environment has been presented. The substrate FG plate is integrated with the patches of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) material which act as the distributed actuators of the plate. The material properties of the FG substrate plate are assumed to be temperature dependent and graded along the thickness direction according to a simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The derivation of this nonlinear thermo-electro-mechanical coupled finite element model is based on the first order shear deformation theory and the Von Karman type geometric nonlinearity. The numerical solutions of the nonlinear equations of the finite element model are obtained by employing the direct iteration method. The numerical illustrations suggest the potential use of the distributed actuator made of the PFRC material for active control of nonlinear deformations of smart FG structures. The effects of volume fraction index of the FG material of the substrate plates and the locations of the PFRC patches on the control authority of the patches are investigated. Emphasis has also been placed on investigating the effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber orientation angle in the PFRC patches on their actuation capability for counteracting the large deflections of FG plates.

Active constrained layer damping of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of functionallygraded plates using piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composites

In this paper, a geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis has been presented forfunctionally graded (FG) plates integrated with a patch of active constrained layerdamping (ACLD) treatment and subjected to a temperature field. The constraining layer ofthe ACLD treatment is considered to be made of the piezoelectric fiber-reinforcedcomposite (PFRC) material. The temperature field is assumed to be spatiallyuniform over the substrate plate surfaces and varied through the thickness ofthe host FG plates. The temperature-dependent material properties of the FGsubstrate plates are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction of the platesaccording to a power-law distribution while the Poisson’s ratio is assumed tobe a constant over the domain of the plate. The constrained viscoelastic layerof the ACLD treatment is modeled using the Golla–Hughes–McTavish (GHM)method. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory, a three-dimensional finiteelement model has been developed to model the open-loop and closed-loop nonlineardynamics of the overall FG substrate plates under the thermal environment. Theanalysis suggests the potential use of the ACLD treatment with its constraininglayer made of the PFRC material for active control of geometrically nonlinearvibrations of FG plates in the absence or the presence of the temperature gradientacross the thickness of the plates. It is found that the ACLD treatment is moreeffective in controlling the geometrically nonlinear vibrations of FG plates than incontrolling their linear vibrations. The analysis also reveals that the ACLD patch ismore effective for controlling the nonlinear vibrations of FG plates when it isattached to the softest surface of the FG plates than when it is bonded to the stiffestsurface of the plates. The effect of piezoelectric fiber orientation in the activeconstraining PFRC layer on the damping characteristics of the overall FG plates is alsodiscussed.

Optimal Control of Smart Functionally Graded Plates Using Piezoelectric Fiber Reinforced Composites

A closed form solution is obtained for the optimal control of vibrations of simply supported thin functionally graded (FG) plates integrated with a Piezoelectric sensor layer and a piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) actuator layer. The material properties of the FG plate are graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fraction of the constituents. The dmethod employed is the design of an optimal steady state regulator with output feedback. Results for various design parameters are illustrated. Particular attention has been focused on investigating the effect of varying the volume fraction index and the placement of the PFRC actuator on the softest and stiffest sides of the FG plate.

Geometrically nonlinear analysis of antisymmetric angle-ply smart composite platesintegrated with a layer of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite

This paper is concerned with static analysis of simply supported antisymmetricangle-ply plates integrated with a layer of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite(PFRC) material undergoing nonlinear deformations. The Von Kàrmàn type nonlinearstrain displacement relations and first-order shear deformation theory are usedto formulate the variational model of this electromechanical coupled problem.Subsequently, the Galerkin method is employed to derive the nonlinear algebraicgoverning equations which are solved by employing the Newton–Raphson method.The results suggest the potential use of PFRC material for distributed controlof nonlinear deformations of smart antisymmetric angle-ply composite plates.Particular emphasis has been placed on investigating the effect of variation ofpiezoelectric fiber orientation on the actuating capability of the PFRC layer forcounteracting the nonlinear deformations of the smart antisymmetric angle-ply compositeplates.

Active structural–acoustic control of laminated cylindrical panels using smart damping treatment

In this paper, the performance of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment for active structural–acoustic control of a vibrating thin laminated cylindrical panel has been investigated. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment has been considered to be made of piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite (PFRC) material. A finite element model has been developed for the laminated panels integrated with the patches of ACLD treatment to describe the coupled structural–acoustic behavior of the panels enclosing an acoustic cavity. Both velocity and pressure rate feedback controls have been implemented to activate the patches. Symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply and antisymmetric angle-ply panels have been considered for evaluating the numerical results. Emphasis has also been placed on investigating the effect of the piezoelectric fiber orientation in the PFRC layer and the shallowness angle of the cylindrical panels on the performance of the patches.

Micromechanics of piezoelectric composites with improved effective piezoelectric constant

This paper is concerned with the derivation of a micromechanics model of a new type of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) materials. A continuum mechanics approach is employed to determine the effective properties of these composites. The piezoelectric fibers of these composites are considered to be electroded at the fiber–matrix interface such that the electric fields in the fiber and matrix become equal in the direction transverse to the fiber direction. The model has been verified with the existing models. The present model also predicts that the effective piezoelectric coefficient of these PFRC which accounts for the actuating capability in the fiber direction due to the applied field in the direction transverse to the fiber direction improves over the corresponding coefficient of the material of the piezoelectric fibers if the fiber volume fraction exceeds a critical fiber volume fraction.

Hybrid damping of smart, functionally graded plates using piezoelectric, fiber-reinforced composites

This paper deals with the investigation of active, constrained layer damping (ACLD) of smart, functionally graded (FG) plates. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is considered to be made of a piezoelectric, fiber-reinforced composite (PFRC) material with enhanced effective piezoelectric coefficient that quantifies the in-plane actuating force due to the electric field applied across the thickness of the layer. The Young's modulus and the mass density of the FG plates are assumed to vary exponentially along the thickness of the plate, and the Poisson's ratio is assumed to be constant over the domain of the plate. A finite-element model has been developed to model the open-loop and closed-loop dynamics of the FG plates integrated with two patches of ACLD treatment. The frequency response of the plates revealed that the active patches of ACLD treatment significantly improve the damping characteristics of the FG plates over the passive damping. Emphasis has been placed on investigating the effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber angle in the constraining layer of the ACLD treatment on the attenuating capability of the patches. The analysis also revealed that the activated patches of the ACLD treatment are more effective in controlling the vibrations of FG plates when the patches are attached to the surface of the FG plates with minimum stiffness than when they are attached to the surface of the same with maximum stiffness.

Nonlinear analysis of smart functionally graded plates integrated with a layer ofpiezoelectric fiber reinforced composite

In this paper, a nonlinear static analysis of simply supported functionally graded (FG)plates integrated with a layer of distributed actuator made of piezoelectric fiberreinforced composite (PFRC) material is presented. The material properties of thefunctionally graded substrate plate are assumed to be graded in the thicknessdirection according to the power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions ofthe constituents. The variational formulation of this electro-mechanical coupledproblem is based on the first-order shear deformation theory and the von Karmantype geometric nonlinearity. The Galerkin method is used to derive the nonlinearalgebraic governing equations of the problem which are then solved by using theNewton–Raphson method. The numerical illustrations suggest the potential use ofthe distributed actuator made of PFRC material for active control of nonlineardeformations of smart functionally graded structures. Emphasis is also placed oninvestigating the effect of varying the piezoelectric fiber angle in the PFRC layeron its actuation capability for counteracting the large deflections of FG plates.

Smart damping of laminated thin cylindrical panels using piezoelectric fiber reinforced composites

In this paper performance of a new piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) material has been investigated for active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of laminated thin simply supported composite cylindrical panels. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment has been considered to be made of this PFRC material. A finite element model of smart composite panels integrated with the patches of such ACLD treatment has been developed to demonstrate the performance of these patches on enhancing the damping characteristics of thin cross-ply and angle-ply laminated composite cylindrical panels. Particular emphasis has been placed on studying the effect of variation of the piezoelectric fiber orientation in the constraining PFRC layer and the shallowness angle of the panels on the control authority of the patches.

Vibration suppression of laminated plates with 1–3 piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite layers equipped with interdigitated electrodes

Piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composites offer a great potential for applications in the vibration control of flexible structures. This paper presents an analytical formulation for structural vibration control of laminated plates consisting of 1–3 piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite layers and orthotropic composite layers. The active control electric field is applied to the piezocomposite layers equipped with Interdigitated Electrodes (IDE). Based on the thin plate theory, the governing differential equations for axial vibration and transverse vibration are established, and the solution is obtained through the separation of variables and Fourier expansion methods. A numerical example analysis is carried out to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the laminated plates. Results show that the vibration suppression can be achieved by adopting a time-dependent control voltage. The axial vibration response along y-direction requires more time to damp out than that for x-direction due to the anisotropic properties of the laminated plates. Results presented here can be used to enhance the understanding of the static and dynamic response behavior of the 1–3 piezoelectric composite structures.

Finite element analysis of smart functionally graded plates

This paper deals with the derivation of a finite element model for the static analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates integrated with a layer of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) material. The layer of PFRC material acts as the distributed actuator of the FG plates. The Young’s modulus of the FG plate is assumed to vary exponentially along the thickness of the plate while the Poisson’s ratio is assumed to be constant over the domain of the plate. The finite element model has been verified with the exact solutions for both thick and thin plates. Emphasis has been placed on investigating the effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber angle in the PFRC layer on its actuating capability of the FG plates. The finite element solutions also revealed that the activated PFRC layer is more effective in controlling the deformations of the FG plates when the layer is attached to the surface of the FG plate with minimum stiffness than when it is attached to the surface of the same with maximum stiffness.

Dynamic Focusing Effects of Piezoelectric Fiber-Reinforced Laminated Composites System Subjected to Thermal Shock

ABSTRACT This article reveals some phenomena of the dynamic focusing effects of laminated composites with piezoelectric fiber and matrix layer, subjected to thermal shock of a transitory temperature change, by means of an exact analytical solution and the corresponding numerical example. The dynamic focusing effects give rise to much higher tensile stress magnitudes and electric potential at the center or at near the center of the piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composites system, which easily results in breakage along the axial direction of the piezoelectric fiber at the higher tensile stress region. From the analytical expression and numerical example for the piezoelectric fiber reinforced composites system PZT-4/Matrix, it is important to know the mechanism of the dynamic focusing effect of the piezoelectric fiber reinforced composites system and to evaluate the dynamic strength and electric signal of the laminated composites with piezoelectric fiber.

Exact Solutions for the Functionally Graded Plates Integrated With a Layer of Piezoelectric Fiber-Reinforced Composite

This paper deals with the derivation of exact solutions for the static analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates integrated with a layer of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) material. The layer of the PFRC material acts as the distributed actuator of the FG plates. The Young’s modulus of the FG plate is assumed to vary exponentially along the thickness of the plate while the Poisson’s ratio is assumed to be constant over the domain of the plate. The numerical values of the exact solutions are presented for both thick and thin smart FG plates and indicate that the activated PFRC layer potentially counteracts the deformations of the FG plates due to mechanical load. The through-thickness behavior of the plates revealed that the coupling of bending and extension takes place in the FG plates even if the PFRC layer is not subjected to the applied voltage. The solutions also revealed that the activated PFRC layer is more effective in controlling the deformations of the FG plates when the layer is attached to the surface of the FG plate with minimum stiffness than when it is attached to the surface of the same with maximum stiffness. The solutions of this benchmark problem may be useful for verifying the other approximate and numerical models of the smart functionally graded plates for which exact solutions cannot be derived.

Exact Solutions for the Analysis of Piezoelectric Fiber Reinforced Composites as Distributed Actuators for Smart Composite Plates

Performance of a layer of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) material as the distributed actuator for smart composite plates has been investigated in this paper. The investigation is performed by finding the exact solutions for static analysis of simply supported symmetric and anti-symmetric cross-ply laminated plates integrated with a layer of PFRC material. The results suggest the potential use of PFRC materials for the distributed actuators of smart structures with both thick and thin substrate composite plates.

Active control of laminated cylindrical shells using piezoelectric fiber reinforced composites

This paper deals with the analysis of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of laminated thin composite shells using piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) materials. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is considered to be made of the PFRC materials. A finite element model of the smart composite shells integrated with the patches of such ACLD treatment has been developed to demonstrate the performance of these patches on enhancing the damping characteristics of thin symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply and anti-symmetric angle ply laminated composite shells. The effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber orientation in the constraining PFRC layer on the control authority of the patches has also been investigated.