Pictorial Analysis Research Articles

Developing Guided Discovery Based Biology Teaching Material Supported by Pictorial Analysis

Most of students still consider the subject of classification to be the most difficult subject. 33.989% of the students chose the classification of living things subject as the most difficult subject. This study aims to determine the validity and impact of using learning material based on guided discovery with pictorial analysis on students' learning outcomes on the classification of living things subject. in junior high school. The research method used quasi experimental design with pre-test-post-test non equivalent control group design. Research development was done through 10 stages. This study was conducted at SMPN 1 Jati Kudus. The sample in this study was the students of grade 7th of academic year 2017/2018. Sampling was done by purposive sampling. The research revealed that learning material based on guided discovery with pictorial analysis has validation value with an average of 3.52 with the very valid criteria, but still needed revision on learning material. The learning material that is developed, it has a positive impact on student achievement. There are significant differences between the control class and the experimental class of the t test results obtained by the value of t arithmetic (5.041) > t table (1.988) indicates that there is the impact of using learning material based on guided discovery with pictorial analysis to the students achievement in the classification of living creatures subject. Guided discovery based teaching materials with pictorial analysis make students more active in learning with student activity level in experimental class 80,25% higher than control class that is equal to 70,36%.

Exploring the representation of gender and identity: Patriarchal and citizenship perspectives from the primary level Sindhi textbooks in Pakistan

This paper explores the representation of men and women in Sindhi language textbooks from Year 1 to 5 in Sindh, Pakistan. Pictorial representations and accompanying text from these books were analysed using thematic coding. The pictorial and textual analysis confirms the salient features of patriarchal ideology being reproduced through the textbooks. The pictures and text portray women as secondary citizens in the society – those who are inferior to men and cannot access the public sphere or do anything, independent of male supervision. We argue that patriarchy prevails through the textbooks as women's familial roles are mostly depicted as engaged in household tasks and performing their assigned roles. The findings from this research can be used to develop pedagogic practices for gender equality in Pakistan.

Teaching Students With Moderate Intellectual Disability to Solve Word Problems

This study evaluated an intervention developed through an Institute of Education Sciences-funded Goal 2 research project to teach students with moderate intellectual disability (moderate ID) to solve addition and subtraction word problems. The intervention involved modified schema-based instruction that embedded effective practices (e.g., pictorial task analysis, graphic organizers, systematic prompting with feedback) for teaching mathematics skills to students with moderate ID. The dependent variables included steps performed correctly on a problem solving task analysis, number of problems solved, problem type discrimination, and generalization of problem solving skills. Results of a multiple probe across student dyads design indicated a functional relation between three dependent variables and the intervention. Upon completion of the intervention, all eight participants with moderate ID correctly followed the task analysis, discriminated problem types, and solved word problems. Key discussion items include feasibility of teaching problem solving skills, types of modifications needed, and the generality of these skills to novel formats.

SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPTS IN MALAY AND ACEH TRADITIONAL HOUSES

The migration of people between Acheh and Malaysia can be seen in sporadic settlements in the northern regions. Both communities share Islam as a religion and might have similarities in culture, ethics and the environment. Due to the Islamic influences in both Malay and Aceh community, it is predicted that the traditional houses in both locations are manifestations of the sustainable concept of hablumminallah, hablumminannas and hablumminal'alam. This concept can be analysed in terms of the Islamic implementations of hablumminallah, social beliefs, and activities in the relationship between man and man (hablumminannas) and climatic influences in the relationship between man and environment (hablumminal'alam). Hence, this paper intends to investigate the implementation of the three concepts in the Malay and Aceh houses. The research methodologies employed are observation (through site visits), pictorial analysis and detail evaluations on the components of the houses. Analysis conducted on Rumah Kutai (RK), Perak and Rumoh Aceh (RA) suggest the realization of the three mentioned sustainable concepts in the houses. In conclusion, the overall findings confirmed the sustainability concepts adopted in the RK and RA through adhering to Islamic guidelines, socio-cultural and climatic aspects.

SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPTS IN MALAY AND ACEH TRADITIONAL HOUSES

The migration of people between Acheh and Malaysia can be seen in sporadic settlements in the northern regions. Both communities share Islam as a religion and might have similarities in culture, ethics and the environment. Due to the Islamic influences in both Malay and Aceh community, it is predicted that the traditional houses in both locations are manifestations of the sustainable concept of hablumminallah, hablumminannas and hablumminal'alam. This concept can be analysed in terms of the Islamic implementations of hablumminallah, social beliefs, and activities in the relationship between man and man (hablumminannas) and climatic influences in the relationship between man and environment (hablumminal'alam). Hence, this paper intends to investigate the implementation of the three concepts in the Malay and Aceh houses. The research methodologies employed are observation (through site visits), pictorial analysis and detail evaluations on the components of the houses. Analysis conducted on Rumah Kutai (RK), Perak and Rumoh Aceh (RA) suggest the realization of the three mentioned sustainable concepts in the houses. In conclusion, the overall findings confirmed the sustainability concepts adopted in the RK and RA through adhering to Islamic guidelines, socio-cultural and climatic aspects.

Souvenir Authenticity: The Perspectives of Local and Foreign Tourists

ABSTRACTCollecting souvenirs is an important component of tourists’ experiences. Since tourists’ views of souvenirs’ authenticity are subjective and vary widely, an empirical study is needed to clarify what tourists demand in the way of souvenirs and what souvenirs they see as authentic. Using pictorial analysis, this study applies six attributes of souvenir authenticity: material, presentation, features, image, feelings, and spirit or interpretation. Twelve souvenir items were offered to 637 tourists in South Korea in the survey. Using differential analysis and multi-dimensional scaling positioning maps, the study shows that a tourist views the authenticity of a country’s souvenirs based on the tourist’s nationality and level of familiarity with the local culture. The results suggest that souvenir suppliers focus on the overall appearance and image of souvenirs and consider the six characteristics of souvenirs’ authenticity.

Analytical and Semantic Survey of the Symbols of the Tree of Life and Goat in Jiroft

This research is an attempt for pictorial study and semantic analysis of the symbols of the tree of life and goat in Jiroft that is organized by citing pictorial samples and considering mythical beliefs. An extensive pattern of the symbol of the tree of life had its most presence alongside the symbol of the goat throughout history and studying the statistical population of this research, the vessels of Jiroft, we can see the continuity in following the common themes in their creation. This study, in terms of the nature and method, is descriptive-analytical and it tried to perform, logically and historically, an analytical and semantic survey of the mentioned patterns. The results of studied samples indicate that life-giving force, eternal life, desire for heaven, blessing and fertility are the most important concepts of semantics and are of the logical reasons of the connection between these two in Jiroft. Presenting two goats around the tree can be a symbol of the earth, giving birth, winter, agility and a symbol of fertility. Also, the tree of life in Jiroft is taken from the archetype pattern of the cosmic tree, that in terms of public, it had been sanctified and honored as a ritualistic value and with presenting a goat next to it, will contain supernatural semantic connotations. Even though all existing motifs of goats and tree on these works do not seem symbolic, the study of two-way communication between the mentioned symbols helps us greatly to understand their singular nature.

Family Perspectives on Whiteboard Use and Recommendations for Improved Practices.

To explore pediatric family perspectives and preferences regarding whiteboard use, as well as recommendations for using whiteboards as tools for patient-centered communication and care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 families in a pediatric urban academic hospital inpatient surgical service, exploring whiteboard experiences and suggestions. Parent responses were manually recorded during interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Of all families, 66% reported using the whiteboard, and 52% were informed about it by staff. Among users, parents who were informed of the whiteboard used it actively (writing to share information) 6 times more often than those who used it passively (as a visual reference). Pictorial whiteboard analysis found that 42% of whiteboards had parent writing. Of these, 80% had contact information alone. Among reasons for whiteboard nonuse, 58% were modifiable, including not knowing about it, assuming it was intended for staff, believing no one would read it, or physical inaccessibility. Parents overwhelmingly identified nurses as whiteboard users (81%) compared with physicians (who families did not identify as users). The majority (76%) of families offered recommendations to improve whiteboard effectiveness. Of all families, approximately one-half were not informed about whiteboards and one-third did not use them. Reasons for nonuse were largely modifiable. Parents made aware of their whiteboard by their care teams demonstrated increased likelihood of active whiteboard use, highlighting the importance of education and suggesting a gap in harnessing the full potential of whiteboards as communication tools. Families' recommendations can help inform whiteboard practices to strengthen communication and care.

A Pictorial Analysis of Destination Images on Pinterest: The Case of Tokyo, Kyoto, and Osaka, Japan

ABSTRACTBased on the recent trend that social network sites (SNSs) have been replacing traditional sources of information, this study seeks to examine the representative characteristics of pictorial information in both destination marketing organizations’ (DMOs) websites and SNSs (i.e. Pinterest.com), focusing on three major cities in Japan. Analyzing photos in terms of 13 categories, this study revealed that differences exist between two channels indicating an inconsistency between travelers’ interests and marketers’ projections. Based on the results, the study suggests possible DMOs’ marketing strategies utilizing SNSs to facilitate and reinforce favorable destination images.

Semantic Concept Co-Occurrence Patterns for Image Annotation and Retrieval.

Describing visual image contents by semantic concepts is an effective and straightforward way to facilitate various high level applications. Inferring semantic concepts from low-level pictorial feature analysis is challenging due to the semantic gap problem, while manually labeling concepts is unwise because of a large number of images in both online and offline collections. In this paper, we present a novel approach to automatically generate intermediate image descriptors by exploiting concept co-occurrence patterns in the pre-labeled training set that renders it possible to depict complex scene images semantically. Our work is motivated by the fact that multiple concepts that frequently co-occur across images form patterns which could provide contextual cues for individual concept inference. We discover the co-occurrence patterns as hierarchical communities by graph modularity maximization in a network with nodes and edges representing concepts and co-occurrence relationships separately. A random walk process working on the inferred concept probabilities with the discovered co-occurrence patterns is applied to acquire the refined concept signature representation. Through experiments in automatic image annotation and semantic image retrieval on several challenging datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed concept co-occurrence patterns as well as the concept signature representation in comparison with state-of-the-art approaches.

Functional Organization of the Parahippocampal Cortex: Dissociable Roles for Context Representations and the Perception of Visual Scenes.

The human parahippocampal cortex has been ascribed central roles in both visuospatial and mnemonic processes. More specifically, evidence suggests that the parahippocampal cortex subserves both the perceptual analysis of scene layouts as well as the retrieval of associative contextual memories. It remains unclear, however, whether these two functional roles can be dissociated within the parahippocampal cortex anatomically. Here, we provide evidence for a dissociation between neural activation patterns associated with visuospatial analysis of scenes and contextual mnemonic processing along the parahippocampal longitudinal axis. We used fMRI to measure parahippocampal responses while participants engaged in a task that required them to judge the contextual relatedness of scene and object pairs, which were presented either as words or pictures. Results from combined factorial and conjunction analyses indicated that the posterior section of parahippocampal cortex is driven predominantly by judgments associated with pictorial scene analysis, whereas its anterior section is more active during contextual judgments regardless of stimulus category (scenes vs objects) or modality (word vs picture). Activation maxima associated with visuospatial and mnemonic processes were spatially segregated, providing support for the existence of functionally distinct subregions along the parahippocampal longitudinal axis and suggesting that, in humans, the parahippocampal cortex serves as a functional interface between perception and memory systems.

Ultrasonography in acute diverticulitis - credit where credit is due.

Diagnosing diverticulitis implies physical and laboratory examination, cross-sectional imaging (computed tomography [CT] or ultrasonography [US]), and a classification of the type of diverticular disease. This article illustrates the role of ultrasonography in view of the recently published Guidelines on diverticular disease of the Consensus Conference of the German Societies of Gastroenterology (DGVS) and Visceral Surgery (DGAV). The focus is to foster both sensitivity for pictorial analysis and improving practical accomplishments of US in diverticulitis. Based on the German classification of diverticular disease (CDD), characteristic features of each type of diverticulitis are presented and commented along with possible differential diagnoses. In the literature qualified US is equipotent to qualified CT. US is frequently effective for the diagnosis and unsurpassed resolution enables detailed imaging thereby allowing one to differentiate and stratify the relevant types of diverticular disease according to the new classification. This educational review is a guided tour through the different facettes of diverticulitis on ultrasonography thereby expanding and multiplying individual competence to more users. With expert performance, US is in the pole position for diagnosing diverticulitis, however, this does come with the price of responsibility and requires transfer of advanced standards and performance in the broad.

Sarahs Journey through the End of Life: A Literary and Pictorial Analysis

Coming to grips with End of Life (EOL) is a stressful and emotionally draining experience. Coping with the circumstances is extremely challenging both for patient and caregiver. The ability to express one’s thoughts and feelings is paramount to a successful and meaningful closure. Often, unfortunately, this goal eludes both the individual and his or her caregivers. Alternatives to verbal modes of communication, such as diarizing, need to therefore be explored. The purpose of this report is to present an abridged version of excerpts from a diary written by one of our patients, with an accompanying pictorial interpretation of these excerpts chosen from the paintings of Edvard Munch. Munch is an early 20th century Norwegian painter, some of whose major themes relate to disease, emotional turmoil, death, and separation. They reflect a life overwhelmed by recurrent family tragedy and the artist’s attempt to relieve his profound sadness and grief through an artistic medium. With the family’s permission, our palliative care team uses this diary and parallel expressions from selected paintings by Munch in its staff training seminars. Group reflection on the writings and paintings has proved to be a successful avenue for enabling our staff to better understand the journey through end of life and to empower the facilitation of patients’ therapeutic description of their unique journeys. It is our hope that the report will inspire additional professionals to utilize similar techniques for staff development in their care units.

도시공원 벤치 이용자들의 이용행태 및 개인적 거리 - 여의도 공원을 대상으로 -

Personal distance is one of the basic and important concepts in the field of Environmental Psychology in influencing personal space, visible or invisible territoriality and psychological carrying capacity of contemporary urban dwellers. This study aims to analyze the bench users` behaviour and personal distances in urban parks for the first time in Korea, one of the representative landscape spaces in urban areas. For these purposes, this study has adopted a blind observation and pictorial analysis for bench users in Yeouido Park in Seoul. The main results of this study show that the average interpersonal distance between female and male(intimate relationship) is 47.5cm, the distance between female and female is 53.2cm, and the distance between male and male is 70.3cm. These results mostly support the previous western study results, but the interpersonal space and territoriality of Koreans in urban parks may be smaller than that for western societies.

Transvaginal sonographic features of diffuse adenomyosis in 18-30-year-old nulligravid women without endometriosis: association with symptoms.

To investigate whether there are sonographic features of diffuse adenomyosis in 18-30-year-old nulligravid women without endometriosis and to examine their association with symptoms of dysmenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding. This was a prospective observational study including women referred from a gynecology outpatient center to our university hospital for ultrasound examination. Inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 30 years, regular menstrual cycle and nulligravid status. Exclusion criteria were a past or current history of endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cysts or lesions, endometrial pathology, current use of hormonal treatments or medications that would affect the menstrual cycle, previous uterine surgery and history of infertility. Women underwent a detailed clinical assessment and a two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) examination. 2D-TVS features associated with diffuse adenomyosis were predefined as: (1) heterogeneous myometrium; (2) hypoechoic striation in the myometrium; (3) myometrial anechoic lacunae or cysts; (4) asymmetrical myometrial thickening of the uterine walls with the presence of straight vessels, extending into the hypertrophic myometrium, on power Doppler examination. On 3D-TVS, endomyometrial junctional zone (JZ) was measured as the distance from the basal endometrium to the internal layer of the outer myometrium on coronal section at any level of the uterus, and the smallest (JZmin) and largest (JZmax) JZ thicknesses and their difference (JZdiff) were recorded. 3D-TVS evaluation was considered suggestive for adenomyosis when JZmax ≥ 8 mm and/or JZdiff ≥ 4 mm. The presence of associated symptomatology represented our main outcome: the amount of menstrual loss was assessed by a pictorial blood loss analysis chart (PBAC) and painful symptoms were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). During the observation period, 205 women (median age, 24 (interquartile range, 23-27) years) were enrolled into the study and 156 met the inclusion criteria. According to the 2D-TVS criteria, diffuse adenomyosis was found in 53 (34.0%) women and asymmetrical myometrial thickening of the uterine walls was the most common sonographic feature observed. ANOVA showed a significant relationship between the number of 2D-TVS features of diffuse adenomyosis and VAS score for dysmenorrhea (P = 0.005) as well as PBAC score for menstrual loss (P = 0.03). 3D-TVS showed that women with 2D-TVS features of diffuse adenomyosis had a significantly higher value of JZmax (6.38 ± 2.30 mm, P < 0.001), JZmin (2.07 ± 0.43 mm, P = 0.002) and JZdiff (4.33 ± 1.99 mm, P < 0.001) than did women without these features. Women with sonographic features of diffuse adenomyosis were symptomatic in 83% of cases, reported dysmenorrhea in 79.2% and showed a higher incidence of heavy bleeding than did those without these features (18.9% vs 2.9%; P = 0.001). Sonographic features suggestive of diffuse adenomyosis may develop earlier in reproductive life than previously thought, and may occur in association with dysmenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding in nulligravid women. Their observation in these women should therefore warrant further gynecological investigation.

Myths of Male Same-Sex Love in the Art of the Italian Renaissance

Visual culture has much to contribute to an understanding of the history of sexuality. Yet, to date, the depiction of pederasty in the art of the Renaissance has not been covered adequately by dominant theoretical paradigms. Moreover, the interpretive approach of traditional art historical discourse has been both limited and limiting in its timidity toward matters concerning the representation of sexual proclivity between males. This article will address the ways in which Italian Renaissance artistic depictions of some mythological narratives were enmeshed with the period’s attitudes toward sexual and social relationships between men.Particular attention is paid here to the manner in which, under the veneer of a mythological narrative, certain works of art embodied a complex set of messages that encoded issues of masculine behaviour and performance in the context of intergenerational same-sex erotic relationships. The primary case studies under investigation for these concerns of gender and sexuality in this particular context are Benvenuto Cellini’s marble Apollo and Hyacinth (1545), and Giulio Romano’s drawing of Apollo and Cyparissus (1524). By incorporating pictorial analysis, social history, and gender and sexuality studies, new possibilities will be offered for evaluating these artworks as visual chronicles of particular sexual and cultural mores of the period. Furthermore, this article will consider how visual representation of these mythic narratives of erotic behaviour between males conformed to the culturally defined sexual and social roles relating to the articulation of power that permeated one of the greatest milestones in art history.

Feily's method as new mode of hair grafting in prevention of scalp necrosis even in dense hair transplantation.

Hair restoration is a safe procedure and most of its associated complications are preventable by the surgeon and/or the patient. Recipient area necrosis is rare but arises when an increased number of recipient grafts are utilized and de-vascularization of the scalp occurs. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare all cases and pictures reported in main search engines and Iranian centers of hair transplant to find the dangerous zone of necrosis and to provide a new method for prevention of necrosis. Pictorial analysis of this study revealed that the majority of necrosis (14 of 18) occurs in central region of the scalp and is inclined, particularly, to the right parietal aspect of the scalp. Accordingly, a case series was done and a new method for prevention of scalp necrosis even in dense packing transplantation was discussed.

Sc-PDB: a 3D-database of ligandable binding sites—10 years on

The sc-PDB database (available at http://bioinfo-pharma.u-strasbg.fr/scPDB/) is a comprehensive and up-to-date selection of ligandable binding sites of the Protein Data Bank. Sites are defined from complexes between a protein and a pharmacological ligand. The database provides the all-atom description of the protein, its ligand, their binding site and their binding mode. Currently, the sc-PDB archive registers 9283 binding sites from 3678 unique proteins and 5608 unique ligands. The sc-PDB database was publicly launched in 2004 with the aim of providing structure files suitable for computational approaches to drug design, such as docking. During the last 10 years we have improved and standardized the processes for (i) identifying binding sites, (ii) correcting structures, (iii) annotating protein function and ligand properties and (iv) characterizing their binding mode. This paper presents the latest enhancements in the database, specifically pertaining to the representation of molecular interaction and to the similarity between ligand/protein binding patterns. The new website puts emphasis in pictorial analysis of data.

Reading Stories in Pictures with Children’s Picture Books

This study attempts to introduce the concept of visual text reading in Korean children’s picture book reading. It contemplates ways to implement analytic ‘picture reading’ in English classrooms with the purpose of Korean children’s literary and literacy development and incidental English learning. For the purpose the study first reviews research on the role of pictures in picture book narratives, and discusses principles and codes involved in analytic interpretation of the pictures. And to see the possibility of analytic picture reading in primary classrooms, the study reviews classroom studies experimenting on child readers’ ability to conduct pictorial analysis in literary groups. Then, to present a model picture reading classwork, picture analyses are done with two sample picture books, The Tiger Who Came to Tea (Kerr) and Clarice Bean, That’s Me (Child). Based on the analyses, sample discussion points for picture reading activities with the two books are created for Korean children’s English classrooms where such picture books can be read. Finally, possible issues for the implementation in Korean settings are discussed.

Is adenomyosis associated with menorrhagia?

Is the presence of adenomyosis associated with menorrhagia? There was no significant association between adenomyosis and menorrhagia, but there was a significant positive correlation between the severity of adenomyosis on ultrasound and the amount of menstrual loss estimated using pictorial blood loss assessment charts. There is no consensus in the literature with regards to the association between adenomyosis and menorrhagia. Previous studies have been limited to retrospective studies of highly selected populations which mainly included women who underwent hysterectomy. There are no large prospective studies evaluating the association between adenomyosis and menorrhagia, either in the general population of women or in a general gynaecology clinic setting. This was a prospective observational study set in the general gynaecology clinic of a university teaching hospital between January 2009 and January 2010. There were 714 consecutive premenopausal women who attended the clinic and underwent structured clinical and transvaginal ultrasound examination in accordance with the study protocol. Morphological features of adenomyosis were systematically recorded on ultrasound scan. Menorrhagia was determined subjectively by direct questioning and objectively by completion of pictorial blood loss analysis charts. A diagnosis of adenomyosis was made in 157/714 women [22.0% (95% CI: 19.1-25.2%)]. Multivariable analysis showed significant associations between submucous fibroids [OR 5.60 (95% CI: 2.69-11.6)], any fibroids [OR 1.53 (95% CI: 0.91-2.58)] and endometrial polyps [OR 2.81 (95% CI: 1.15-11.7)] and menorrhagia. There were also significant associations between increasing gravidity and BMI and menorrhagia (P < 0.01). There was no significant association between adenomyosis and menorrhagia in the study population, when adenomyosis was assessed as a binary outcome. When severity of adenomyosis was assessed by counting the number of morphological features of adenomyosis in each woman, we found a significant 22% increase in menstrual loss for each additional feature of adenomyosis [OR 1.21 (95% CI: 1.04-1.40)]. A classification of severity of adenomyosis based on the number of ultrasound features present is a novel concept that should be prospectively evaluated in different populations. A better understanding of the relationship between adenomyosis and menorrhagia can help improve counselling of women regarding the significance of this common condition and facilitate future studies assessing the effectiveness of different conservative treatments protocols. The authors have no competing interests. The study was not supported by an external grant.