Arsenic Phytotoxicity Research Articles

Phytotoxicity and uptake of arsenic through Pennisetum purpureum in a pilot-scale constructed wetland arrangement

Phytoremediation is an evolving green technology based on utilizing hyper-accumulator plant species that can tolerate and accumulate elevated amounts of arsenic present in the surroundings. The purpose of this research was to identify the toxicity symptom of As including how much amount of As that Pennisetum purpureum Schumach can uptake in a CW arrangement. In this experiment, phytotoxicity and As uptake through P. purpureum Schumach were assessed at numerous As levels of 5, 22, and 39 mg kg−1 in CWs. The total extractable arsenic and bioavailable arsenic levels was determined using the wet digestion and the Na2-EDTA process correspondingly and both the As was assessed through ICP-OES. Results showed the symptoms of phytotoxicity at all As concentrations after 42 days of exposure, as the ratios of plant numbers to total mass of As were 0.0103, 0.0023, and 0.0013, which were very low. Arsenic-caused phytotoxicity symptoms enhanced with increasing arsenic concentrations in the spiked sand and periods of treatment indicating that As can be hazardous to P. purpureum Schumach when absorbed and accumulated in its cells. The density of the available As in the treated sand was reduced, including eliminated 100%, 91.5%, and 82.5% for 5, 22, and 39 mg kg−1 As on 42 days separately. Highest As uptake by the whole P. purpureum Schumach plants reached 5733 ± 68.8 mg kg−1 DW on 42 days at 39 mg kg−1 As level. These findings recommend that Pennisetum purpureum Schumach can be utilized for arsenic phytoremediation in agriculturally contaminated areas and anthropogenically contaminated ecosystems owing to its maximum capacity to uptake and accumulate arsenic.

Metalloid Nanomaterials Alleviate Arsenic Phytotoxicity and Grain Accumulation in Rice: Mechanisms of Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Rhizosphere Behavior.

Nanoenabled agriculture technology exhibits potential in reducing arsenic uptake in rice; however, a systematic understanding of the rice-soil-microorganism process of nanomaterials (NMs) is lacking. Soil amendment of metalloid NMs, including SiO2, hydroxyapatite, S0, and Se0 at 10-100 (0.1-5.0 for Se NMs) mg/kg, increased rice biomass by 76.1-135.8% in arsenic-contaminated soil (17.0 mg/kg) and decreased arsenic accumulation in plant tissues by 9.3-78.2%. The beneficial effects were nanoscale-specific and NMs type- and concentration-dependent; 5 mg/kg Se NMs showed the greatest growth promotion and decrease in As accumulation. Mechanistically, (1) Se NMs optimized the soil bacterial community structure, enhancing the abundance of arsM by 104.2% and subsequently increasing arsenic methylation by 276.1% in rhizosphere compared to arsenic-alone treatments; (2) metabolomic analyses showed that Se NMs upregulated the biosynthesis pathway of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and glutathione, with subsequent downregulation of the arsenic transporter-related gene expression in roots by 42.2-73.4%, decreasing the formation of iron plaque by 87.6%, and enhancing the arsenic detoxification by 50.0%. Additionally, amendment of metalloid NMs significantly enhanced arsenic-treated rice yield by 66.9-91.4% and grain nutritional quality. This study demonstrates the excellent potential of metalloid NMs for an effective and sustainable strategy to increase food quality and safety.

Regulation and mechanism of pyrite and humic acid on the toxicity of arsenate in lettuce

Regulation and mechanism of pyrite and humic acid on the toxicity of arsenate in lettuce

Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid key players: Impact on arsenic phytotoxicity of quinoa under soil salinity stress

Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid key players: Impact on arsenic phytotoxicity of quinoa under soil salinity stress

Key factors influencing arsenic phytotoxicity thresholds in south China acidic soils

Key factors influencing arsenic phytotoxicity thresholds in south China acidic soils

Estimation of Tolerance and Toxic Limits of Sodium Arsenate in Hordeum vulgare (Barley) Seedlings

Heavy metal pollution, primarily driven by escalating human and industrial activities, poses a significant threat to ecosystems. Arsenic (As), a prominent toxic metalloid, is a major environmental contaminant with detrimental effects on plant health and crop productivity. In this study, the tolerance and toxic thresholds of sodium arsenate were assessed in four accessions of Hordeum vulgare (barley). A range of thirteen molar concentrations (10⁻¹³ M to 10⁻¹ M) of sodium arsenate was used to treat seven-day-old barley seedlings. Radicle length was measured as the primary parameter to determine arsenic toxicity and tolerance levels. Results indicate that 10⁻³ M concentration marks the threshold nearing toxicity, while lower concentrations allowed radicle growth, revealing varying degrees of tolerance among barley accessions. This study provides critical insights for arsenic phytotoxicity and offers a foundation for identifying tolerant barley varieties for cultivation in arsenic-affected regions.

Protective mechanisms of sulfur against arsenic phytotoxicity in Brassica napus by regulating thiol biosynthesis, sulfur-assimilation, photosynthesis, and antioxidant response

Protective mechanisms of sulfur against arsenic phytotoxicity in Brassica napus by regulating thiol biosynthesis, sulfur-assimilation, photosynthesis, and antioxidant response

Newly-synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles showed synergetic effect with citric acid for alleviating arsenic phytotoxicity in soybean

Newly-synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles showed synergetic effect with citric acid for alleviating arsenic phytotoxicity in soybean

Microwave Soil Treatment along with Biochar Application Alleviates Arsenic Phytotoxicity and Reduces Rice Grain Arsenic Concentration

Rice grain arsenic (As) is a major pathway of human dietary As exposure. This study was conducted to reduce rice grain As concentration through microwave (MW) and biochar soil treatment. Collected soils were spiked to five levels of As concentration (As-0, As-20, As-40, As-60, and As-80 mg kg−1) prior to applying three levels of biochar (BC-0, BC-10, and BC-20 t ha−1) and three levels of MW treatment (MW-0, MW-3, and MW-6 min). The results revealed that MW soil treatment alleviates As phytotoxicity as rice plant growth and grain yield increase significantly and facilitate less grain As concentration compared with the control. For instance, the highest grain As concentration (912.90 µg kg−1) was recorded in the control while it was significantly lower (442.40 µg kg−1) in the MW-6 treatment at As-80. Although the BC-10 treatment had some positive effects, unexpectedly, BC-20 had a negative effect on plant growth, grain yield, and grain As concentration. The combination of BC-10 and MW-6 treatment was found to reduce grain As concentration (498.00 µg kg−1) compared with the control (913.7 µg kg−1). Thus, either MW-6 soil treatment alone or in combination with the BC-10 treatment can be used to reduce dietary As exposure through rice consumption. Nevertheless, further study is needed to explore the effectiveness and economic feasibility of this novel technique in field conditions.

Waste derived amendments and their efficacy in mitigation of arsenic contamination in soil and soil–plant systems: A review

Waste derived amendments and their efficacy in mitigation of arsenic contamination in soil and soil–plant systems: A review

Nitric oxide could allay arsenic phytotoxicity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by modulating photosynthetic pigments, phytochelatin metabolism, molecular redox status and arsenic sequestration

Plants do not always have the genetic capacity to tolerate high levels of arsenic (As), which may not only arrest their growth but pose potential health risks through dietary bioaccumulation. Meanwhile, the interplay between the tomato plants and As–NO-driven molecular cell dynamics is obscure. Accordingly, seedlings were treated with As (10 mg/L) alone or in combination with 100 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) and 200 μM 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, NO scavenger). Sodium nitroprusside immobilized As in the roots and reduced the shoot translocation by up-regulating the transcriptional expression of the PCS, GSH1, MT2, and ABC1. SNP further restored the growth retardation through modulating the chlorophyll and proline metabolism, increasing NO accumulation and stomatal conductance along with clear crosstalk between the antioxidant activity as well as glyoxalase I and II leading to endogenous H2O2 and MG reduction. Higher PCs and glutathione accumulation helped protect photosynthetic apparatus; however, cPTIO reversed the protective effects of SNP, confirming the role of NO in the As toxicity alleviation.

Physiological and mineralogical properties of arsenic stressed oat seedlings grown hydroponically

To determine arsenic (As) phytotoxicity in gramineae, a hydroponic experiment with oat was conducted. Twenty-four days old oat seedlings were treated with sodium meta-arsenite (NaAsO2) for 14 days at different rates of As in the greenhouse. Shoot growth decreased by 28.17, 38.34, 68.34, and 75.85%, while the root growth decreased by 33.51, 42.61, 64.79, and 72.15% for 6.7, 13.4, 26.8, and 53.6 µM As treatments, respectively, indicating that the roots were more sensitive to As-toxicity than that of shoots. Arsenic at the rate of 13.4 µM level produced chlorotic symptom in the 4th leaf. Necrotic symptom was found in the old leaves at 26.8 and 53.6 µM As levels. Arsenic concentration increased both in shoots and roots with the increasing As concentration in the solution. Mostly, the concentrations of P, Fe, and Zn decreased in shoots. On the contrary, As and Fe concentrations increased in roots with the increasing As concentration in the solution. The research suggested that As hindered Fe translocation from roots to the shoots, resulting in whitish chlorotic symptom in the leaves.

Iron oxide nanoparticles alleviate arsenic phytotoxicity in rice by improving iron uptake, oxidative stress tolerance and diminishing arsenic accumulation

Iron oxide nanoparticles alleviate arsenic phytotoxicity in rice by improving iron uptake, oxidative stress tolerance and diminishing arsenic accumulation

Graphitic Carbon Nitride (C3N4) Reduces Cadmium and Arsenic Phytotoxicity and Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

The present study investigated the role of graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) in alleviating cadmium (Cd)- and arsenic (As)-induced phytotoxicity to rice (Oryza sativa L.). A high-temperature pyrolysis was used to synthesize the C3N4, which was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Rice seedlings were exposed to C3N4 at 50 and 250 mg/L in half-strength Hoagland’s solution amended with or without 10 mg/L Cd or As for 14 days. Both Cd and As alone resulted in 26–38% and 49–56% decreases in rice root and shoot biomass, respectively. Exposure to 250 mg/L C3N4 alone increased the root and shoot fresh biomass by 17.5% and 25.9%, respectively. Upon coexposure, Cd + C3N4 and As + C3N4 alleviated the heavy metal-induced phytotoxicity and increased the fresh weight by 26–38% and 49–56%, respectively. Further, the addition of C3N4 decreased Cd and As accumulation in the roots by 32% and 25%, respectively, whereas the metal contents in the shoots were 30% lower in the presence of C3N4. Both As and Cd also significantly altered the macronutrient (K, P, Ca, S, and Mg) and micronutrient (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn) contents in rice, but these alterations were not evident in plants coexposed to C3N4. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis suggests that Cd significantly altered the genomic DNA of rice roots, while no difference was found in shoots. The presence of C3N4 controlled Cd and As uptake in rice by regulating transport-related genes. For example, the relative expression of the Cd transporter OsIRT1 in roots was upregulated by approximately threefold with metal exposure, but C3N4 coamendment lowered the expression. Similar results were evident in the expression of the As transporter OsNIP1;1 in roots. Overall, these findings facilitate the understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which carbon-based nanomaterials alleviate contaminant-induced phyto- and genotoxicity and may provide a new strategy for the reduction of heavy metal contamination in agriculture.

New insight into the mechanism of graphene oxide-enhanced phytotoxicity of arsenic species

New insight into the mechanism of graphene oxide-enhanced phytotoxicity of arsenic species

Evaluation of the combined application of Purpureocillium lilacinum PLSAU-1 and Glomus sp. against Meloidogyne incognita: implications for arsenic phytotoxicity on eggplant

Glasshouse pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Purpureocillium lilacinum PLSAU-1 (Pl) either alone or in combination with Glomus sp. (G) to control southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) in Solanum melongena in arsenic (AS)-contaminated soil. Root fragments of maize seedlings were applied to 5 g roots containing approximately 200 G colonized root fragments/100 g potting soil and G colonized 100 g rhizosphere soil of maize containing 30 chlamydospores/g soil and thoroughly mixed with sterilized potting soil for the G treatment. Pl was applied to the potting soil at 5 × 106colony-forming units (CFU/g soil). AS solution was added to the potting soil at 50 mg kg−1. Sixteen treatments comprising single and combined applications of Pl, G, AS, and Mi with five replications were applied and pots were randomly arranged in the glasshouse. Single nematode-free eggplant seedlings (30-days old) were transplanted. Eggs of Mi were inoculated at 10000 eggs/seedling pot. Data were recorded on root gall index, plant growth parameters, N, P, K and S uptake, and AS uptake 2 months after transplantation. The combined application of Pl and G enhanced plant growth, leaf area, chlorophyll content, nutrients uptake and reduced AS toxicity. Gall index and AS uptake were reduced by 84.50% and 51.72%, respectively with the combined application of Pl and G. We conclude that Pl and G can be integrated as biological management tools against Mi in AS polluted vegetable growing areas.

Enhancing the plants growth and arsenic uptake from soil using arsenite-oxidizing bacteria

Enhancing the plants growth and arsenic uptake from soil using arsenite-oxidizing bacteria

Predicting the modifying effect of soils on arsenic phytotoxicity and phytoaccumulation using soil properties or soil extraction methods

Predicting the modifying effect of soils on arsenic phytotoxicity and phytoaccumulation using soil properties or soil extraction methods

Bioremediation of arsenic by soil methylating fungi: Role of Humicola sp. strain 2WS1 in amelioration of arsenic phytotoxicity in Bacopa monnieri L.

Bioremediation of arsenic by soil methylating fungi: Role of Humicola sp. strain 2WS1 in amelioration of arsenic phytotoxicity in Bacopa monnieri L.

Development and Standardization of a Simple and Quick Screening Protocol for Arsenic Phyto-toxicity Tolerance at Seedling Stage in Rice

Cultivation with Arsenic (As) contaminated water severely affects growth of rice plants that results into reduced grain yield. This study was carried out to develop a rapid and effective method of screening rice varieties and/or segregating population against arsenic phyto-toxicity tolerance. Sodium arsenate was used as arsenic source. Ten pre-germinated seeds of each variety were grown on styro-foam placed on a tray filled with either phosphate-free nutrient solution (control) or the same nutrient solution supplemented with di-sodium hydrogen arsenate (treatment). The trays were kept at controlled environmental condition in a growth chamber at 26±1℃ with 70% humidity and 3500 lux. After 7 days of growth, standard growth parameters such as shoot length, root length, root-shoot biomass were recorded and percentages reduction for shoot length, root length and root shoot biomass compared to those of control were calculated. Arsenic stress reduced the phenotypic expression of all three seedling traits but the effect of arsenic was more prominent on root length compared to the shoot length and root-shoot biomass. The dose response experiment showed that the 0.75-1.25 mgL-1 Arsenic concentrations had much promise to discriminate rice genotypes for arsenic phyto-toxicity tolerance at early growth stage. The validation experiment with the 0.75-1.25 mgL-1 Arsenic doses on a set of 20 genotypes identified 1.25 mgL-1 Arsenic could effectively and efficiently differentiate rice genotypes, particularly for tolerance in shoot length and root-shoot biomass reduction, where 1.0 mgL-1 Arsenic was found sufficient for discriminating varieties for tolerance in root length reduction. The rice variety BRRI dhan47 showed more tolerance against Arsenic contaminated water.