Phytochemical Analysis Of Methanolic Extract Research Articles

ESTIMATION OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS CONTENT (TFC) AND ANTI OXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF METHANOLIC WHOLE PLANT EXTRACT OF BIOPHYTUM SENSITIVUM LINN

Biophytum sensitivum linn. (Oxalidaceae), is an important and widely used medicinal plant. Biophytum sensitivum linn. is used as a traditional folk medicine in ailments such as inflammation, arthritis, wounds, tumors and burns, gonorrhea, stomach ache, asthma, cough, degenerative joint disease, urinary calculi, diabetes, snake bite, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea.. The total flavonoid content of methanolic whole plant extract of B. sensitivum (MEBS) was determined by using aluminium chloride colorimetric method. Flavonoid compounds were found to be 9.49 µg of quercetin equivalent [QE] per mg of methanolic whole plant extract of Biophytum sensitivum. In this study phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of B. sensitivum L. has indicated the presence of flavonoid . Since these compounds are of pharmacological interest, coupled with the use of this plant in traditional medicine, it prompted us to check B.sensitivum  L. for possible antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power ability. The maximum percentage inhibition by DPPH method was found about 43.96 at concentration of 110.46µg/ml, when compared with Quercetin. The reducing capabilities were found to be in dose dependent manner. Key words: Biophytum sensitivum, aluminium chloride, quercetin, DPPH.

Hypoglycemic Activity of Methanolic Fruit Pulp Extract of <em>Adansonia digitata</em> on Blood Glucose Levels of Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

This study was carried out to evaluate the hypoglycemic properties of the methanolic extract of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp on blood glucose. Forty eight of the rats were randomly distributed into six. Group one served as the normal control and Group two rats were administered with alloxan (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and served as the diabetic control. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were intraperitoneally administered with alloxan (150 mg/kg) and orally administered with methanolic extract of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) once daily for 4weeks. Group six rats were intraperitoneally administered with alloxan (150 mg/kg) and orally administered with chlorpropamide (84 mg/kg) once daily for 4 weeks. The serum concentration of glucose of all the rats in each group was determined after the 14 th and 28 th dose of treatment. There was significant (p<0.001) reduction of serum glucose in the three groups of rats administered with methanolic extract of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp at second and fourth week of the treatment. The group of animal treated with chlorpropamide (84 mg/kg) also showed significant (p<0.001) reduction of serum glucose compared to most effective dose of the methanolic extract (300 mg/kg) during the second and fourth week of the treatment. The result of qualitative phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp indicated the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. This result suggests that the methanolic fruit pulp extract of Adansonia digitata possess antidiabetic effect on alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Avaliação da toxicidade das favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) em vacas gestantes

Com o objetivo de avaliar a toxicidade de diferentes concentrações das favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum em vacas prenhes, as favas desta árvore foram moídas, misturadas à ração comercial e fornecidas a oito vacas nas doses totais de 6,5g/kg, 7,5g/kg, 9g/kg e 10g/kg. Os animais que receberam doses de 6,5g/kg pariram bezerros normais e aqueles que receberam 7,5g/kg pariram bezerros fracos que não sobreviveram. Doses de 9g/kg resultaram no nascimento de um bezerro imaturo e de outro bezerro com distiquíase, opacidade congênita das córneas e microftalmia. Ambas as vacas que ingeriram 10g/kg morreram, porém uma vaca abortou antes de morrer. Nas vacas que morreram, as lesões macroscópicas e histológicas do sistema digestivo e fígado foram semelhantes às descritas anteriormente na intoxicação por S. fissuratum. Nos bezerros e no feto abortado não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas ou histológicas significantes. A análise fitoquímica dos extratos metanólicos das favas de S. fissuratum revelou a presença de taninos hidrossolúveis, proantocianidinas, leucoantocianidinas e da saponina triterpénica β-amirina. Saponinas triterpénicas têm sido associadas com a toxicidade das favas de Stryphnodendron spp. e Enterolobium spp., que causam sinais clínicos semelhantes aos observados na intoxicação por S. fissuratum. Esta pesquisa confirmou a toxicidade das favas de S. fissuratum para bovinos, no entanto não foram confirmados os efeitos abortivos das mesmas, pois o aborto e as mortes neonatais observadas podem ser decorrentes dos efeitos tóxicos da planta nas mães. Novas pesquisas são necessárias para pesquisar se as favas da planta causam malformações semelhantes às observas em um dos bezerros nascidos vivos.

The Antibacterial and Phytochemical Aspects of Viola odorata Linn. Extracts Against Respiratory Tract Pathogens

Monitoring of susceptibility of herbal drugs for bacterial pathogens is important for appropriate choice of treatment. The present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of various extracts of Viola odorata against selected respiratory tract pathogens i.e. Haemophilus influenzae MTCC 3826, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2474, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 1144, Streptococcus pneumoniae MTCC 655 and Streptococcus pyogenes MTCC 442. Plants were collected from Herbal Nursery, Prem Nagar Ashram, Haridwar, Uttarakhand and authenticated at Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Center, Dehradun. Properly washed and shade dried aerial parts of the plant material were crushed and extracted in petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water by using Soxhlet apparatus. The antibacterial activity was examined by agar well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by twofold serial dilution method. Erythromycin was used as positive control to determine the sensitivity of the strains. The results showed that methanol extract was more active than other extracts in its antibacterial activity. The zone of inhibition exhibited by methanol extract against tested microorganisms ranged between 16 mm to 24 mm respectively. MIC values were recorded between 3.12 mg/ml to 12.5 mg/ml for all the organisms. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, saponins and tannins. The investigation supports a good response to the use of V. odorata in herbal medicine and as a base for the development of new drugs and phytomedicine in rationale for its use in treatment of respiratory infectious diseases.

Phytochemical screening and analysis of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Ficus auriculata (Lour.) Stem Bark

Background: Stem barks of Ficus auriculata have been used in Nepal as folk remedy in the form of juice to treat diarrhea, dysentery, cuts and wounds. So this study is designed to explore the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of F. auriculata stem bark. Methods: Stem barks were subjected to successive extraction using hexane, chloroform and methanol to obtain the respective extracts. DPPH free radical scavenging method was used for antioxidant activity analysis. Agar well diffusion method was used for the antibacterial activity test. Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of methanol extracts of F. auriculata stem bark showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, phytosterols, resins, phenols, tannins, diterpenes, flavonoids, proteins, and amino acids. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract was found to be 84.088% at 0.1 mg/ml with IC50 value of 0.042 mg/ml (r2 = 0.9942) and that of chloroform extract was found to be 83.864% with IC50 value of 0.029 mg/ml (r2 = 0.955). However free radical scavenging activity of hexane extract was of 42% (r2 = 0.9036) in comparison of standard ascorbic acid used. Antibacterial activity of methanol extract was higher for Escherichia coli with 4.5±0.15 mm zone of inhibition and for Staphylococcus aureus hexane extract was highly effective with the zone of inhibition of 7.8±0.36 mm. Conclusion: Plant extract showed potential antioxidant activity but antibacterial activity was found to be comparatively lower to that of the standard antibiotics used.

Antibacterial properties and preliminary phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of &lt;i&gt;Ocimum gratissium&lt;/i&gt; (Scent Leaves)

Methanolic extract of the leaves of Ocimum gratissium (scent leaves) was screened for its phytochemical and antibacterial properties on some clinical bacterial isolates, visa vie as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The agar diffusion technique was used to assay the growth inhibition against the four bacterial isolates. The antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of Ocimum gratissium was compared to that of some selected commercially available antibiotics. The inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract was comparable at all concentrations tested to the commercially available antibiotics indicating the high potency of the methanolic extract O. gratissium. Results obtained showed, the extract inhibits the growth of the test isolates with diameter of zones of inhibition of 5mm to 10mm for P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The Broth microdilution assay gave minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 13.5μg/ml to 15.0μg/ml. The result of the phytochemical analysis of the dried leaves extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate and saponins. Keywords: Herbalism, Phytochemicals, Scent, Benin

In vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extract of Psidium guajava L.

Aim:This study was designed to examine the chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial potential of methanolic extract of Psidium guajava Linn (Myrtaceae).Materials and Methods:The inhibitory effect of methanolic extract of P. guajava was tested against three bacterial and two fungal strains by using the paper disc diffusion method.Results:The methanolic extract exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli with minimum inhibitory concentration, 0.78 μg/ml, minimum bactericidal concentration of 50 μg/ml, and appreciable antifungal activity with minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 μg/ml. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract revealed the presence of antimicrobial compounds such as flavonoids, steroids, and tannins, which may contribute for the antimicrobial action of P. guajava.Conclusion:The extract was found to be bacteriostatic and fungistatic in action.

Diuretic and laxative activities of methanol extract ofMimosa pudicaL. leaves

The methanol extract of leaves of Mimosa pudica L. (Mimosaceae) was screened for diuretic and laxative activities in wistar albino rats. The study suggested that the extract was found to produce significant diuretic as well as laxative activities in dose dependant manner (200 and 400mg/kg p.o.). These activities were comparable with the standard drugs such as Furosemide (10mg/kg p.o.) and Agar-agar (300mg/kg p.o.) respectively. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of methanol extract of leaves of Mimosa pudica revealed the presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, tannins, mucilage and flavonoids. The present study indicates that the observed significant diuretic and laxative activities of Mimosa pudica leaves may be contributed to the phytoconstituents present in it.

Evaluation Of Bioactivity Of Various Indian Medicinal Plants – An In-Vitro Study

Medicinal plants that are native to India and their use in various traditional system of medicine are induced awe- inspiring. The ethnobotany and ubiquitous plants provide a rich resource for natural drug research and development. In the present study, we evaluated the bioactivity of various medicinal plants like Adathoda vasika, Aegle marmelos, Baliospermum montanum, Citrus limon, Clerodendron inerm, Euphorbia hirta, Ficucs benganlensis, Hyptis suaveolens, Physalis minima Melothira medaraspatensis and Solanum torvum.. The antimicrobial potentials were observed with the extracts of Adathoda vasika, Ficus bengalensis and Solanum torvum The LD50 value of all the plant extracts were determined against Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the concentration below LD 50 was taken for further study to determine the antioxidant property. The antioxidant activity was highly observed in Euphorbia hirta, Hyptis suaveolens and Physalis minima. The phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts of all the plants revealed the presence of secondary metabolites.

Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract from the stem bark of tridesmostemon omphalocarpoides (Sapotaceae)

The methanolic extract and fractions from the stem bark of Tridesmostemon omphalocarpoides were investigated for their in vitro antimicrobial properties as well as their phytochemical constituents. The stem bark was collected from Yaoundé, in the Centre Province of Cameroon. The antimicrobial activity of the extract and fractions against two Candida species and seven aerobic bacteria was evaluated on the basis of the inhibition zones (IZ) using agar hole diffusion method, the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) by the macrodilution method. The results indicated significant anticandidal and antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract and fractions against all the nine microorganisms tested. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract showed the presence of biologically active components namely alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins, phenols, polyphenols and flavonoids. The acute toxicity of the methanolic extract was also studied. This was found to be non-toxic to the inbred Wistar rats treated per os. The results of this study suggested that the stem bark of this plant could be safely used in the treatment of some infectious diseases.