Physiology Of Language Research Articles

Philosophy of Posthuman Art, by Stefan Lorenz Sorgner

<i>Philosophy of Posthuman Art</i>, by Stefan Lorenz Sorgner

Inferior Fronto-Occipital fascicle anatomy in brain tumor surgeries: From anatomy lab to surgical theater

The Inferior Fronto-Occipital fascicle (IFOF) is a multitasking white matter (WM) bundle bridging frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobe. Many papers describe its role in the physiology of language, attention and affective behavior but its anatomical components and cortical terminations remain unclear.We analyze the surgical anatomy of the IFOF in the light of our experience with awake surgery, anatomical dissection on 10 human adult hemispheres (Klingler method) and literature review.Dissecting the specimens from lateral to medial we can describe 3 segments: a vertical segment that runs along the frontal lobe; an horizontal segment that runs along frontal lobe; an horizontal segment that runs from the limen insulae, passes into to the temporal stem and arrives at the parietal and occipital lobes. We retrospectively analyzed also 23 awake surgeries. 2 responses were elicited at subcortical stimulation at the third segment of the IFOF; stimulation gave paraphasias on the first segment of the IFOF in one case. All IFOF responses were founded in the left hemisphere.Anatomical knowledge is the cornerstone of surgical orientation, it allows eloquent structures to be reached quickly and it is of primary importance in awake surgery to avoid patient fatigue with lack of concentration.

Lingua Erazma z Rotterdamu między fizjologią, filozofią i filologią

The article entitled “Lingua by Erasmus of Rotterdam – between physiology, philosophy and philology” is devoted to the treatise “Lingua, Sive, De Linguae usu atque abusu Liber utillissimus” which was originally published in 1525, while in an anonymous Old Polish translation it first appeared in 1542. It represents one of the most important voices in then Europe on the role of language in international social communication. In it issues related to the ethics of language, seen from a theological, philosophical and philological perspective, were taken up by the Rotterdammer, using references to medical and natural sciences. The combination of these areas of knowledge has become the subject of in-depth analysis in the article. The term „tongue”, which is equivocal in meaning, is understood in the treatise as the organ for as well as the process of speaking. As a consequence, the „physiology of language” presented in the Lingua, resulting in an extended lesson in anatomy, eventually moves the discourse into the area of reflection on the importance and role of word both in interpersonal association and in the Christian „galaxy” – the humanitas, as a factor for its integration and guarantor of peace.

PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE AND THE TERM «LANGUAGE» IN THE WRITINGS BY ANTON MARTY

The article focuses on the concept of «language» and «philosophy of language», explains the notion of 'language' in the narrow and broad sense of the word. The article highlights the works of Anton Marty, the German linguist, dedicated to the language-related issues. Anton Marty in his scientific works calls as language «any sign of mental processes». The article analyzes the interrelation of philosophy of language, language studies and other sciences, compares the methods of Linguistics and philosophy of language. At the same time, it analyzes the difference of philosophy of language from other branches of Linguistics, in particular from the physiology of language or the history of language. Philosophy of nature is at the heart of the teachings of many philosophers. Language has two fundamental sides - sensually perceived, physical side of the sign and its meaning or its content. Philosophy of language is a part of Linguistics. The difference of philosophy of language and linguistics is in the absence of the same object and the use of different methods. The author draws conclusions about «reverse psychologism», understanding of «truth», «values », specific psychological nature, coexistence of psychology and natural science; describes the concept of «foreign experience»; addresses issues in philosophy of language, focusing on the common and natural language phenomena.

PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE AND THE TERM «LANGUAGE» IN THE WRITINGS BY ANTON MARTY

The article focuses on the concept of «language» and «philosophy of language», explains the notion of 'language' in the narrow and broad sense of the word. The article highlights the works of Anton Marty, the German linguist, dedicated to the language-related issues. Anton Marty in his scientific works calls as language «any sign of mental processes». The article analyzes the interrelation of philosophy of language, language studies and other sciences, compares the methods of Linguistics and philosophy of language. At the same time, it analyzes the difference of philosophy of language from other branches of Linguistics, in particular from the physiology of language or the history of language. Philosophy of nature is at the heart of the teachings of many philosophers. Language has two fundamental sides - sensually perceived, physical side of the sign and its meaning or its content. Philosophy of language is a part of Linguistics. The difference of philosophy of language and linguistics is in the absence of the same object and the use of different methods. The author draws conclusions about «reverse psychologism», understanding of «truth», «values », specific psychological nature, coexistence of psychology and natural science; describes the concept of «foreign experience»; addresses issues in philosophy of language, focusing on the common and natural language phenomena.

Die Briefe Ernst Wilhelm Brückes an Rudolf Virchow aus den Jahren 1850–1857

Rudolf Virchow is one of the most prominent German physician of the nineteenth century. Virchow pioneered the modern concept of pathological processes by his application of the cell theory to explain the effects of disease in the organs and tissues of the body. He emphasized that diseases arose, not in organs or tissues in general, but primarily in their individual cells. Moreover, he campaigned vigorously for social reforms and contributed to the development of anthropology as a modern science. Ernst Wilhelm Brücke was an important researcher in most fields of physiology. His works were epoch-making and influential for our knowledge of the nature of cells and his optical works made the basis for the invention of the eye mirror which was later constructed by Helmholtz. He also is also known for his work on the physiology of language. For the first time the correspondence between these scientific celebrities is published.

Localization of Language Function in the Twentieth Century

In the twentieth century the method of identifying pathology in patients with aphasia has fluctuated between localizing and holistic theories. The practical localization of sensation and voluntary movement became a clinical commonplace in the beginning of the century, but the mental component of aphasia made its localization controversial. In Paris before the war, Pierre Marie made the localization of aphasia the centerpiece of his personal feud with Jules Dejerine. After the war Konstantin von Monakow used the phenomenon of recovery from aphasia to support his holistic views of localization. Henry Head, in a 1926 study that remains influential today, took a neo-Jacksonian approach to localization and the physiology of language. Kurt Goldstein led the postwar anti-localizationists, asserting that physicians must look after the whole person and that brain function was inherently unified. Norman Geschwind reflected 1960s physiological thought in analyzing aphasia as a type of disconnection of distinct functional areas. In the twenty-first century the localization of aphasia remains dependent on theory, with competition between holistic and localizing ideas.

Dx + Rx: A Physician's Guide to Medical Writing

Every physician and medical student who is preparing a paper for publication or for a conference should read Dx + Rx: A Physician's Guide to Medical Writing . This well-written, witty, and practical study brings into proper focus the problems a writer must face in the preparation of his paper. Acknowledging the widely recognized dreariness and often inane and irresponsible verbosity of many technical papers, Dr Dirckx offers valuable directions for attaining clarity, accuracy, readability, and style. book is divided into three major parts: The Anatomy of Language; Sentences and Paragraphs: Physiology of Language; and Blunders and Blather: Pathology of Language. Throughout, the author is concerned with the nature of language, the importance of grammar, and the means of achieving a readable, cultivated style. In part 1, the first chapter stresses the importance of words in manipulating ideas and relationships. Good writing requires skill and discipline because language is

Speech Disorders

Clinical speech disorders are abundant, but our theoretical knowledge about them is scarce. This volume is an excellent summary of the present state of work in the field. The author, one of Europe's most distinguished neurologists, covers both the esoteric (origin of language) and the practical (anatomy and physiology of language); whatever the topic, the presentation is succinct, stimulating, and at times brilliant. The key to Sir Russell's approach to speech and language is his conviction that physiology is "the link between the anatomy of the brain, in terms of which we describe lesions, and psychology, in terms of which we apprehend speech disorders."

Physiology of Language

Physiology of Language