Physiological Norm Research Articles

State subsidies to increase productivity in beef cattle breeding of the Republic of Kazakhstan: implementation tools

The aim is to justify measures of state stimulation of innovative processes in beef cattle breeding in Kazakhstan. Methods – monographic, financial and economic analysis, comparison, logical generalization. Results – main factors hindering the processes of effective application of innovations in animal husbandry are considered: consequences of the global economic crisis caused by the pandemic, the impact of human activity on the environment, which led to the degradation of pastures and reduction of natural forage base. It was revealed that these problems led to an increase in feed prices when raising beef cattle. At the same time, inflation disrupts the stability of production cycles and sustainability of agri business. The need to expand the meat products market is justified by the main task of public policy in agriculture – ensuring food security and physiological norms for consumption of meat and its products. The article focuses on the study of the mechanism of subsidizing beef cattle. The analysis of the main support programs for the subjects of this industry was carried out. Conclusions – degradation of pastures, lack of drinking points, high cost of animal feeding hinder the innovative activity of producers. Rational methods are proposed for restoring degraded pastures by drilling wells and installing tubular wells to extract groundwater. Calculations were made on the payback of investments received by farms, taking into account investment subsidies from the state. The authors state that the effective use of the available resources of beef cattle breeding, the gene pool of the most intensive breeds of domestic and world breeding, consistent public support for regional programs, and attraction of extra-budgetary funds will accelerate the development of cattle breeding farms in the republic.

Factor analysis of food security in Kazakhstan

The country's food security is an important component of the national security system and, as such, characterizes the economic stability and political independence of the state, its ability to provide for the elementary primary needs of its citizens without prejudice to national state interests. The purpose of the study based on factor analysis is to provide the state of the food market and justify the economic opportunities for ensuring food security in Kazakhstan. Food supply of the population remains an urgent problem of the socio-economic development of the regions of Kazakhstan, since it must guarantee the population food independence, the availability of food from domestic sources at scientifically sound standards, affordable prices and the amount necessary to ensure normal life. Analyzing the state of the food market and choosing among them the most optimal for providing the population with food products and making effective management decisions is an important tasks in creating a strategy for ensuring the country's food security. Scientific research was carried out on the basis of the AEC management sectors using statistical materials (statistical data of the Republic of Kazakhstan), and general scientific and private research methods. Based on the comparative Bureau of the National ASPR RK analysis, the main trends in the development of food security in Kazakhstan were identified. In this research work, predictive methods were also used to determine the prospects for the development of food security in Kazakhstan. The study presents the results of the consumption of certain types of agricultural products per capita. The national norms of food consumption were compared with the physiological norms of consumption, and the regional aspect of average per capita consumption was considered in terms of the minimum and maximum volume of consumption. Considering the specialization of the regions, the existing territorial organization of the agro-industrial complex, the optimization of raw material zones of processing enterprises, the emerging shifts in food self-sufficiency, a positive trend in food consumption in the present and future is given. This article provides recommendations for ensuring safe and quality food security.

Activity of blood serum enzymes and their relationship with feeding and meat qualities in young pigs of different intrageneric differentiation according to the “formation intensity” index

The article presents the study results of the activity of blood serum enzymes, fattening, and meat qualities of young pigs of the universal direction of productivity, considering their intrabreed differentiation according to the “formation intensity” index. It was established that the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood serum of young pigs of the large white breed corresponds to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals; by the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, the thickness of lard at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae and the length of the chilled carcass – I class and elite class. Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation of young pigs of the large white breed according to the “formation intensity” index, the animals of the experimental group I (∆ = 0.715–1.009) exceeded those of the same age as II (∆ = 1.011–1.356) in terms of average daily increase in live weight by 5.71%, age reaching a live weight of 100 kg – 1.28 %, fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae – 1.44 %. The pairwise correlation coefficient between biochemical indicators of blood serum and fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of the large white breed shows that this biometric indicator varies from -0.344 ± 0.1485 to +0.402 ± 0.1448. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from young pigs of the first experimental group, in which the “formation intensity” index ranges from 0.715 to 1.009 points (+3.40 %). The criterion for selecting highly productive animals of the leading herd based on the absolute parameters of their offspring's fattening and meat qualities is their correspondence to the elite class, according to the “intensity of formation” index – 0.715–1.009 points

Selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy Beagle dogs: A preliminary study.

While oxidative stress has been studied in pathologic conditions in dogs, data in presumably healthy dogs and standardized protocols are lacking. This work purposed to bridge the gap by presenting provisional physiological ranges for oxidative stress biomarkers in a group of Beagle dogs. Based on our long-standing clinical expertise in the field of oxidative stress, nine plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated for their concentrations (mean ± SD) in 14 healthy adult Beagle dogs. Selected biomarkers were: vitamins C (7.90 ± 1.36 μg/mL) and E (34.1 ± 6.63 μg/mL), zinc (0.80 ± 0.17 mg/L), copper (0.54 ± 0.048 mg/L), selenium (256 ± 25.7 μg/L), total and oxidized glutathione (822 ± 108 μM and 3.56 ± 1.76 μM), myeloperoxidase (67.4 ± 56.2 ng/mL), and isoprostanes (340 ± 95.3 ng/mL). Glutathione peroxidase activity and superoxide anion production in whole blood were also measured. Glutathione peroxidase activity was 473 ± 34.0 IU/g of hemoglobin and superoxide anion production in whole blood was 18,930 ± 12,742 counts per 30 min. Reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione and copper/zinc ratios were, respectively, 280 ± 139 and 0.70 ± 0.15. Sex-related differences were recorded for zinc (p = 0.0081), copper/zinc ratio (p = 0.0036) and plasma isoprostanes (p = 0.0045). Provisional physiological norms covering 95% of our group were proposed for each biomarker and should be of interest for future studies of canine oxidative stress.

Improving the indicators of schoolchildren’s adaptation to physical activity using an individual approach, taking into account the types of vegetative regulation

Purpose: physiological substantiation of the physical activity selection based on the differences in the functional state of schoolchildren with different types of cardiovascular system autonomic regulation.Methods: 60 schoolchildren, 12 years old, were examined. The experimental group consisted of schoolchildren who were engaged in physical exercises for 6 months according to the developed individual typological program. Students in the control group followed the school programm. The assessment of the functional state was carried out by the method of “Express assessment of the physical health of schoolchildren” and the method of diagnosing indicators of heart rate variability.Results: at the beginning of the survey, the indicators in the experimental group and the control group were determined by the characteristics of 4 types of autonomic regulation: I, II, III, IV. Of these, I, II corresponded to the predominance of sympathetic-tonic destabilizing influences on the cardiovascular system, in IV parasympathetic influences prevailed, manifested in the asthenia of the functional state of students. Whereas type III refers to the physiological norm and manifested itself in the form of a balance of regulatory influences of the parts of the autonomic nervous system.Conclusions: at the control examination, the indicators of adaptation and health improved in all types of schoolchildren, while in the control group there was no positive dynamics of indicators of adaptation and health. This testifies to the effectiveness of individually typologically oriented classes at a physical education lesson as having a health-improving effect on schoolchildren.

Age- and Sex-Specific Features of Biomarkers of Exposure and Adverse Health Effects in Children with Respiratory Diseases and Comorbidities Associated with a Combined Exposure to Airborne Chemicals

Introduction: Nowadays, the use of a system of exposure and effect biomarkers is highly relevant in assessing public health disorders associated with chemical exposure. The study of age and sex-specific biomarkers in risk-sensitive populations with certain types of functional disorders and diseases related to airborne chemical exposures helps improve the effectiveness of scientific and methodological support for activities of the bodies and organizations of the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) in establishing causes and identifying circumstances for the occurrence and spread of non-communicable diseases related to chemical pollution of the environment. Objective: To establish and age- and sex-specific biomarkers of exposure and its adverse health effects in children with respiratory diseases and comorbid conditions exposed to a combination of airborne chemicals. Materials and methods: The object of the research was the system of biomarkers of exposure to six substances and negative effects (eight indicators), substantiated in biomedical studies conducted by the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies in 2021–2022 to establish adverse health effects of a combined exposure to multiple airborne chemicals emitted by metallurgical plants in children aged 4–7 years; the classifying criteria included sex, age, target organs and systems, and adverse effects. Results: The article gives a detailed description of age- and sex-dependent changes in biomarkers of exposure and adverse health effects in children. It also provides substantiation that the best (most informative) age for studying the levels of markers of exposure and effect in children with respiratory diseases and associated comorbidities is 4–5 years for boys and 6–7 years for girls. General patterns of changes in the levels of biomarkers in response to chronic exposure to airborne chemicals include an increase in the level of chemicals in biological fluids above the reference values, a growth of the spectrum, severity, and prevalence of changes relative to the physiological norm of biochemical parameters, and expansion of the spectrum of adverse health effects. Conclusions: Our findings can serve as a criteria basis for priority setting in order to objectify and improve the accuracy of hygienic assessments, increase the efficiency of predictive techniques of diagnosis, predict and prevent health risks in the populations sensitive to airborne industrial chemicals.

Environment-specific selection alters flowering-time plasticity and results in pervasive pleiotropic responses in maize.

Crop genetic diversity for climate adaptations is globally partitioned. We performed experimental evolution in maize to understand the response to selection and how plant germplasm can be moved across geographical zones. Initialized with a common population of tropical origin, artificial selection on flowering time was performed for two generations at eight field sites spanning 25° latitude, a 2800 km transect. We then jointly tested all selection lineages across the original sites of selection, for the target trait and 23 other traits. Modeling intergenerational shifts in a physiological reaction norm revealed separate components for flowering-time plasticity. Generalized and local modes of selection altered the plasticity of each lineage, leading to a latitudinal pattern in the responses to selection that were strongly driven by photoperiod. This transformation led to widespread changes in developmental, architectural, and yield traits, expressed collectively in an environment-dependent manner. Furthermore, selection for flowering time alone alleviated a maladaptive syndrome and improved yields for tropical maize in the temperate zone. Our findings show how phenotypic selection can rapidly shift the flowering phenology and plasticity of maize. They also demonstrate that selecting crops to local conditions can accelerate adaptation to climate change.

Функциональные резервы организма студентов, отнесенных по состоянию здоровья к спецмедгруппе

The relevance of this work is determined by the high prevalence of physical inactivity among students assigned to a special medical group for health reasons. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of physical education in a special medical group on the functional reserves of students’ body. A group of 20 first-year students was observed. Girls were engaged in physical culture during one school year. The examination at the beginning and end of the observation period included anthropometry, physiometry and functional testing. The heart rate and respiration rate in most girls exceeded the upper limit of the physiological norm; the vital capacity of the lungs did not reach the lower limit of the norm during initial testing. Functional tests showed low results. Statistically significant decrease heart rate and respiration rate increasing the lung capacity was found on re-examination. The results of the functional test have improved. The results obtained led to the conclusion that body’s functional reserves are reduced in students assigned to a special medical group for health reasons. Feasible physical culture classes are accompanied by the expansion of the body’s functional reserves.

Leukocyte blood formula and the incidence of calves against the background of the use of Tanamine Zn

The new living conditions that animals get into in the early neonatal period are associated with diseases caused by maintenance and feeding, as well as untimely veterinary treatments for both mothers and newborns. Therefore, it is extremely important to introduce ingredients into their diet that contribute to successful adaptation. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the feed additive «Tanamin Zn» on the leukocyte formula of blood and the manifestation of diarrhea syndrome in calves. During the experiment, the experimental animals-analogues were divided into groups. The experiment was carried out on calves of the black-and-white breed (Bessonovsky type) in the conditions of the collective farm-stud farm named after V.Ya. Gorin, Belgorod region. Groups (12 heads in each) were formed taking into account origin, sex, live weight (LW) and age. The I-K – control group included calves who received the main diet (MD), and the II group included calves who received, in addition to MD, tanamine Zn at a dose of 0,05 g / kg of live weight / day during the entire dairy period (60 days). It was found that the total number of leukocytes during feeding (1;30;60 days) of the supplement and during the aftereffect (90 days) was within the physiological norm with different directions of changes in the number of eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. In addition, we have shown a decrease in the manifestations of diarrhea syndrome in calves of the experimental group in the first decade of life compared with the control by 25,0%, and its duration by 35,7%. The obtained research results were processed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 computer program using Student's criterion. The results were considered significant from p≤0.05.

PECULIARITIES OF THE BIO-ELEMENT STATUS OF THE COAT OF DOGS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF FEEDING

The presented data reflect the bio-element status of the coat of Novosibirsk dogs with different types of feeding. The authors studied two groups of animals kept in apartments with a double active exercise. The first group of dogs received dry food balanced with essential nutrients, and the second group received meat, porridge, and vegetables. Results showed that dogs on a natural diet had cobalt and chromium levels below the reference values. On the other hand, dogs whose diet consisted of dry food had a more balanced bioelement composition of the coat. The exceptions were arsenic, iodine, and strontium, whose values exceeded the limit of the physiological norm.

ENSURING NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY

The article discusses the concept of food security and its components. The constituent elements of food security include: objects, subjects, main components, mechanism of provision and basic concepts. It is proposed to define food security as a state of the economy, in which the food independence of the country is ensured, the physical and economic accessibility of the population to quality food in accordance with physiological norms is guaranteed. The main characteristics of national food security are highlighted, namely: potential physical availability of food products; economic availability; food quality; food safety; food independence; reliable access to food. The contribution of agriculture to ensuring food security is shown. Indicators of global added value in agriculture, forestry and fisheries by regions of the world and in Ukraine are given in tabular form. The main criteria for the implementation of the food safety policy and their threshold values are given. The level of self-sufficiency in the main types of food in Ukraine in 2020 is shown graphically. The main crops that form the country's export potential have been identified. A system of factors ensuring the strengthening of national food security has been determined, namely: technical and technological; biological; financial and economic; organizational and legal; social; ecological and natural-climatic; macroeconomic; economic; military and political; man-made. The conclusions state that the state of national food security can be considered satisfactory. It is noted that the military operations affected the economic availability of food for the country's population. A conclusion was made regarding the need to develop measures to mitigate the consequences of modern challenges and implement a program to prevent crisis phenomena in the provision of food products to the population of Ukraine.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЖИДКОЙ ВИТАМИННОЙ ДОБАВКИ НА ПРИРОСТ ЖИВОЙ МАССЫ И ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КРОЛИКОВ

The article presents the results of research aimed at studying the effect of the Nitamin liquid vitamin supplement on changes in live weight and the main hematological parameters of young rabbits. The studies were carried out at the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education MGAVMiB – MVA named after K.I. Scriabin in the period 2021–2022. The objects of the study were young rabbits bred by crossing two meat breeds, the Soviet chinchilla and the New Zealand white. The drug «Nitamin» is a liquid vitamin drink supplement aimed at replenishing the deficiency of vitamins A, D3 , E and C in the body of animals. «Nitamin» experimental animals received with water for drinking four days from the age of 60 days and from the age of 74 days at the rate of 1 ml/1 liter of water. The results of the studies indicate that the rabbits who received the drug "Nitamin" with water for drinking, gained live weight more intensively, the weight of the experimental rabbits at the end of the experiment was 3.77 ± 0.26 kg, which is 12.87% more than in control group. The main hematological parameters of young rabbits after the use of the medicinal drinking supplement "Nitamin" were within the physiological norm without pronounced deviations. The amount of hemoglobin in the blood of rabbits of the experimental group at the end of the experiment significantly increased by 28.74% and amounted to 136.14±4.26 g/l. The content of total protein in the blood serum of rabbits of the experimental group significantly increased by 4.81% and amounted to 59.23±3.13 g/l. The obtained research results indicate that the drug "Nitamin" can be used as a safe supplement for the main diet of rabbits in order to increase live weight without exposing their body to any dangerous and harmful effects.

Influence of the probiotic additive Basulifor on the growth and morphobiochemical parameters of the blood of heifers up to six months of age

The purpose of the work was to study the infl uence of the probiotic additive Basulifor on the growth and morphobiochemical blood parameters of heifers up to six months of age. The experiment was carried out under the conditions of OOO “Agrofi rma Kultura” in the Bryansk region. The effectiveness of the use of the probiotic additive Basulifor as part of the diet for calves in winter was studied; its eff ect on the productivity and morphobiochemical parameters of the blood of calves up to 6 months of age was analyzed. It was found that the indicators of the average daily gain in live weight in heifers in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, who received the probiotic additive Basulifor in doses of 0,4 and 0,5 ml/l of milk per day, respectively, were 15,0 and 21,6 % higher. 1 kg of dry matter of the diet for calves contained 10,7 MJ of metabolic energy, 101 g of digestible protein, 5,04 g of lysine, 5,04 g of methionine+cystine, 4,8 g of calcium and 3,73 g of phosphorus. Blood parameters in the two experimental groups were higher than in the control group, but were within the physiological norm. Thus, albumin indices in the 3rd experimental group were higher in relation to the 2nd experimental and 1st control groups by 0,6 and 5,9 abs.%, respectively. The content of α-globulins in the 3rd experimental group also increased in relation to the 2nd experimental and 1st control groups by 1,40 and 0,86 abs.%, respectively. In the 3rd experimental group, the total protein index was 68,03±2,0 g/l and as higher than in the 1st control group and the 2nd experimental group. Thus, the use of the probiotic additive Basulifor in the diet of heifers up to 6 months of age contributed to an increase in the average daily gain in live weight and strengthening the immune status of animals.

Влияние гомогената и супернатанта культуральной жидкости Asp. orezae на пищеварительные процессы в преджелудках, рубцовый и кишечный микробиоценоз овец

A method of optimizing digestive processes in the pre-ventricles of sheep, improving rumen and intestinal microbiocenoses, increasing natural resistance through the use of a prebiotic supplement is considered. Feeding homogenate (group 1) and supernatant (group 2) of the Aspergillus oryzae culture fluid to Romanov breed boulders contributed to an increase in the microbial mass of the rumen in the first group by 72,9 %, in the second by 76,0 %, more intensive hydrolysis of carbohydrates due to an increase in the level of LVH by 37,9 (p<0,01) and 47,4 % (p<0,01), acidic metabolites – by 0,46 (p<0.01) and 0,44 (p<0,05) units, an increase in the concentration of ammonia by 36,1 % and 37,7 % compared with the initial values. Biochemical parameters of protein, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism were within the physiological norm. Cellular immunity in animals of the experimental groups turned out to be more stable: percent lysis was lower by 14,91 and 16,8 %, bacterial activity was higher than control values by 31,2 and 26,2 %, phagocytic by 1,8 and 2,2 % (p<0,05). The content of lacto- and bifidobacteria in the large intestine was at the level of 5,49–5,18 and 6,65–7,38 lg CFU/g (p>0,05) versus 6,88 and 7,46 lg CFU/g in the control, a decrease of 3,3–2,57 lg CFU/g (p<0.01) of lactose-positive E. coli, inhibition of mold growth by 17,9–8,3 % in the experimental groups indicates an increased resistance of the animals of the experimental groups to infectious and inflammatory processes, an increase in natural resistance and the positive role of the studied factors in the correction of intestinal microbiocenosis of sheep.

СОСТОЯНИЕ ПЛАЗМЕННОГО КОМПОНЕНТА СИСТЕМЫ ГЕМОСТАЗА У ИСПЫТУЕМЫХ ДОБРОВОЛЬЦЕВ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ С СЕРИЙНЫМ ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКИМ ВРАЩЕНИЕМ НА ЦЕНТРИФУГЕ КОРОТКОГО РАДИУСА

We studied the effects on the human system of plasma hemostasis of sequel rotations on a short-arm centrifuge with equal absolute g value and direction. Participants were 6 normal male volunteers at the age of 25 to 45 years. The volunteers were rotated 7 times in the head-to-pelvis direction (+Gz) at 2.1 g. The first rotation was performed prior to the series; the series of 5 rotations was performed with a 2-day interval between each; the final rotation was performed in 14 days after the series. Citrated plasma was used to investigate the procoagulent component of homeostasis, physiological anticoagulents, and intensity of fibrin formation and fibrinolysis. As compared to baseline data, fibrinogen concentration was increased significantly by 4 % on day 7 post rotations; thrombin time was found decreased by 5 % prior to the 6th rotation. Protein C activity was reduced significantly after rotations 3 and 5 by 8 % and 9 %, respectively. Antithrombin III was reduced by 4 % after rotation 5. Concentration of D-dimer was increased after rotations 5 and 6 by 87 % and 32 %, respectively. Rotations produced minor changes in the levels of pro- and anticoagulents, and also in the intensity of fibrin formation and fibrinolysis, that is these changes were within the physiological norm and reflected adaptive processes in organism.

Влияние обеспеченности обменной энергией в рационах как фактор стабильности показателей кетогенеза в организме высокопродуктивных коров

The purpose of the work is to study the effect of a new energy supplement in the composition of «protected» fat in combination with dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan and a foreign analogue on the stability of ketogenesis and the productivity of black-and-white cows with different levels of exchange energy in the diet. Under the conditions of the Kolos CJSC of the Tikhoretsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out according to the standard method on three groups of black-and-white cows (14 heads in each group). In the experimental groups, we studied the effectiveness of energy supplements: the domestic one developed under the conditions of the FSBSI KRCAHVM, and the foreign analogue «Maximizer» (France) against the background of an energy deficit. Due to the use of energy supplements during the first phase of lactation (120 days), an additional 750 and 1080 liters of milk were obtained or higher by 21,7 and 31,2 % than from the cows of the control group. The additive developed by us turned out to be more effective than the foreign analogue. For the production of 1 kg of milk of basic fat content in the control and second experimental groups, 2,99 MJ and 55,25 g of protein were spent, and in the third experimental group – 2,80 MJ and 45,40 g of protein, respectively. According to the content of ketone bodies in the milk of animals of the control group, it can be concluded that they were in the stage of subclinical ketosis. However, the use of the studied feed agents reduced the level of ketone bodies in the milk of cows of the experimental groups in comparison with the control group by 14,8 and 36,4 (р<0,01) %, respectively. Biochemical studies of the blood of cows showed that the animals of the control group had a lower glucose content due to a lack of energy in the body, which is the reason for the inclusion of glycogenesis, however, in the experimental groups, everything was within the physiological norm.

Reaction of regional lymph nodes of the middle ear during ultrasound lymphotropic therapy of exudative otitis media (experimental study)

The article is devoted to structural changes in the regional lymph nodes of the middle ear (superficial, facial and deep cervical lymph nodes) in experimental animals (30 male Wistar rats) when modeling exudative otitis media and after a 7-day course of local ultrasound lymphotropic therapy. The method of conducting the experiment is described. Comparative morphological and morphometric studies of lymph nodes were carried out on the 12th day from the beginning of otitis modeling and evaluated according to 19 criteria: node cut-off area, capsule area, marginal sinus, interstitial part, paracortical area, cerebral sinuses, brain cords, area number and area of primary and secondary lymphoid nodules, area of germinal centers, specific areas of the cortex and medulla oblongata, sinus system, T-dependent and B-dependent zones, cortical-cerebral index. With exudative otitis media in the regional lymph nodes of the middle ear, compared with the physiological norm, a reaction from the intra-nodular structures was observed, indicating inhibition of drainage and detoxification in the lymph catchment area, which was considered as the morphological equivalent of the insufficiency of their lymphocyte function. Regional lymphotropic therapy using low-frequency ultrasound contributed to the positive dynamics of the structural components of the lymph nodes and the normalization of most of their indicators, which is a prerequisite for the development and use of this technology in clinical practice.

ВЛИЯНИЕ АЛИМЕНТАРНОГО ФАКТОРА НА ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОФИЛЬ У МОЛОЧНЫХ КОРОВ

The article shows the findings of the research of the effect of the dietary factor on the hematological parameters of Holstein cows. We carried out the analysis of winter dairy food, general and biochemical blood test. The food analysis showed an excess of dry matter and a lack of raw and digestible protein, crude fiber, crude fat, a lack of macronutrients Ca and P, carotene. The relationship between the food quality of and the biochemical composition, as well as the complete blood count of cows, was established. The research revealed that deviations in the diet of dairy cows affect their hematological parameters. Thus, in the blood serum of experimental animals, there was a pronounced deficiency of glucose, iron, manganese, calcium, zinc, copper, nickel and cobalt. All these deviations from the physiological norm are directly dependent on the chemical composition of the food. The insufficiency of these elements is responsible for the development of osteodystrophy, disruptions in sex hormone production (due to a manganese deficiency), and, as a result, an extension of the open period due to repeat breeding. These deficiencies lead to disturbances in the body's metabolic processes in animals, consequently affecting their fertility. Hematological parameters indicate a decrease in segmented neutrophils, along with elevated levels of leukocytes and monocytes. Other parameters (platelets and white blood cell (stab cells, basophils, lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) were found to comply with physiological standard.

Food Supply as the Main Factor of People’s Quality of Life

The “global (world) food problem” in this study refers to the ability of humanity to fully provide itself with vital food of good quality and in accordance with physiological norms (healthy diet) while maintaining ecological balance (preventing irreversible changes in the human environment). The last condition - the principle of “sustainable development”, was proposed about fifty years ago and underlies almost all modern concepts of the development of civilization. The concept of “healthy diet” (“healthy diet”) is one of the key ones in the analysis of the problem of food supply for the population - as an important criterion in assessing the degree of food availability. In accordance with the definition contained in the materials prepared for the Summit, “healthy diet” (Healthy Diet) - a condition for good health and disease prevention. It is characterized by sufficient (without excess) amount of nutrients, as well as substances that promote health, allows you to avoid the consumption of substances harmful to health. For the purposes of further research, we will define the relationship between the concepts of “healthy diet” and “healthy foods”. The first concept is general, including a balance in essential nutrients, a sufficient amount of the daily diet when using “healthy” (without the content of unhealthy substances) products. Thus, “healthy foods” are part of a “healthy diet”.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ НА ОСНОВЕ САПРОПЕЛЯ В КОРМЛЕНИИ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА

The study of feed additives based on natural ingredients, such as sapropel, is an important trend in animal husbandry. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of the use of a complex feed additive based on sapropel in feeding cattle. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out on fullaged cows in the conditions of the training and experimental farm of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. Conventional zootechnical and statistical research methods were used. According to the results of scientific and economic experience, it was revealed that according to morphological and biochemical studies of the blood of animals, all indicators were within the physiological norm. The use of feed additives based on sapropel had a positive effect on the milk productivity of cows. So, the milk yield for the period of the experiment was higher in the cows of the first experimental group by 11.5 %, and in the second experimental group by 7 % compared to the control. There was also a significant change in the qualitative composition of milk, so the mass fraction of fat increased in the second experimental by 0.26 %, and in the first experimental by 0.22 %, the mass fraction of protein changed slightly, on average by 0.05 % in relation to the control.