Changes In Physical State Research Articles

In vitro profiling of fenofibrate solid dispersion mediated tablet formulation to treat high blood cholesterol

Fenofibrate (FNF), an anti-hyperlipidemic agent, suffers from poor water solubility (0.000707mg/ml) and belongs to class II drug as per BCS, shows a slow dissolution rate. The current investigation aimed to fabricate a fast-dissolving tablet of FNF (not available in the commercial market) using solid dispersion technique employing Vitamin E-D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (vitamin E TPGS) as molecular biomaterial to enhance dissolution rate and reduce the time required to reach the systemic circulation. Firstly, carrier material was selected based on the release study via preparing solid dispersion using the melting method, and prepared solid dispersion was characterized. Secondly, fast-dissolving tablets from solid dispersion were fabricated using the direct compression tool and characterized for X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, friability, hardness, content uniformity, weight variation and in vitro disintegration test. The X-ray diffraction study confirmed the successful formation of solid dispersion using vitamin E TPGS by analyzing the change in physical state. The fabricated solid dispersion exhibited higher drug content than a physical mixture of FNF. An excipient interference study was also performed in methanol and 0.75% w/v sodium lauryl sulphate. It revealed no significant alterations in the absorption peak of FNF as analyzed using UV spectroscopy at 287nm. In addition, water absorption ratio phase solubility and wetting time were also assessed. In -vitro release of FNF from developed tablets was found significantly higher (93.23%±3.11; p<0.001) as compared to prepared compressed tablet of pure FNF (12.21±2.34%). The dissolution rate was also determined, and data were then kept to various kinetic models such as zero-order chemical kinetic, first-order chemical kinetic, Hixon-Crowell and Higuchi chemical kinetic. A complete and sequential in vitro and physicochemical characterization of developed formulation was carried out to set-up improved and effective treatment for high blood cholesterol.

Facile and rapid synthesis of copper nanoclusters as a fluorescent probe for the sensitive detection of fluoride ions with the assistance of aluminum

A facile, environmentally friendly, and rapid synthesis approach has been developed for the preparation of copper nanoclusters (CuNCs). It takes 2 min to synthesize CuNCs only by simply tuning pH value of glutathione (GSH) and copper ions mixture at room temperature. CuNCs exhibit an emission maximum peak at 646 nm with excitation maximum at 340 nm. A luminescent off-on-off nanoswitch is triggered by aluminum (Al3+) and fluoride (F−) ions in terms of physical state changes between aggregation and dispersion of CuNCs. Al3+ ions can immediately stimulate to produce aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of CuNCs. The molecular vibrations and rotations of rigidified ligands on the surface of aggregation of CuNCs are confined, reducing the nonradiative decay pathway. So, fluorescence emission of aggregated CuNCs is greatly enhanced. This specific behavior of CuNCs by fluorescent light-up mode is capable to quantify Al3+ in the range from 0.1 to 200 μM with LOD of 59 nM. Moreover, we explore the use of disaggregation-caused quenching (DCQ) of CuNCs for the detection of F− ions by taking advantages of the higher affinity of Al3+ and F− over that of Al3+ and carboxyl on surface groups of CuCNs. So, AIE of CuNCs is greatly inhibited. This system exhibits signal-off response towards F− with a detection range from 5 to 80 μM with LOD of 1.64 μM. Importantly, this approach has been successfully applied to the detection of Al3+ in tap and lake water as well as F− ions in three brands of toothpaste. It has great potential to expand the application of CuNCs-based sensors in the field of daily necessities and environmental monitoring.

Effects of chemically EGFR targeting on non-targeted physical cell behaviors in 2D and 3D microfluidic cultures of invasive and non-invasive breast cancer cell lines

Cancer development comprehends changes in cell structural and physical states. Cancer cells are softer than normal cells, produce higher contractile forces, and migrate more easily. While chemotherapy, targets proteins involved in biological behaviors, it may affect cell physicomechanical state due to the interconnections among signaling pathways.Here we treated non-invasive and invasive breast cancer cell lines by targeting EGRF which modulates major biological behaviors. We quantified migration potential of cancer cells in a microfluidic device, and evaluated expression of proteins associated with physical behaviors. Results indicated significant alterations in physical behaviors, with a higher impact on invasive cells. The anti-cancer synergy between biological and physical behaviors was shown by decreasing actin, vinculin, and myosin II content and altered distribution, limiting cell invasion in 3D collagen structure, accompanied by decreasing cell viability and vimentin expression as the EMT biomarker. The center point of changes in physical behaviors was in cytoskeletal remodeling by chemical treatment, potentially through lower contractile force generation and less development of focal adhesions and stress fibers. The synergy between physical and chemical pathways can be used in enhancing anti-cancer drug efficacy.

Network Formation and Physical Properties of Epoxy Resins for Future Practical Applications.

Epoxy resins are used in various fields in a wide range of applications such as coatings, adhesives, modeling compounds, impregnation materials, high-performance composites, insulating materials, and encapsulating and packaging materials for electronic devices. To achieve the desired properties, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of how the network formation and physical state change involved in the curing reaction affect the resultant network architecture and physical properties. However, this is not necessarily easy because of their infusibility at higher temperatures and insolubility in organic solvents. In this paper, we summarize the knowledge related to these issues which has been gathered using various experimental techniques in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations. This should provide useful ideas for researchers who aim to design and construct various thermosetting polymer systems including currently popular materials such as vitrimers over epoxy resins.

Problematic Gaming Among Adolescents Within a Non-Clinical Population: A Scoping Review

Gaming is a pastime activity that has been enjoyed by millions of individuals worldwide for the past few years. The adolescent is in a developmental period that involves significant bio-psychosocial changes, including rapid changes in physical and mental states that make them more vulnerable to addiction. Online gaming could have a higher risk of developing problematic gaming. Many studies have documented video gaming addiction. Further research remains needed to synthesize the factors behind problematic video game usage. The purpose of the scoping review is to synthesize the findings related to problematic video by identifying using a search through the following database: JSTOR, ProQuest, APA Psycnet, and Ebsco. The research will help detect the early symptoms of addiction and understand the mechanism behind the addictive nature. Through the study, we can provide psychological care for adolescents by educating them and preventing and being aware of problematic gaming usage and experiences.

Combining Valence-to-Core X-ray Emission and Cu K-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopies to Experimentally Assess Oxidation State in Organometallic Cu(I)/(II)/(III) Complexes.

A series of organometallic copper complexes in formal oxidation states ranging from +1 to +3 have been characterized by a combination of Cu K-edge X-ray absorption (XAS) and Cu Kβ valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopies (VtC XES). Each formal oxidation state exhibits distinctly different XAS and VtC XES transition energies due to the differences in the Cu Zeff, concomitant with changes in physical oxidation state from +1 to +2 to +3. Herein, we demonstrate the sensitivity of XAS and VtC XES to the physical oxidation states of a series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligated organocopper complexes. We then extend these methods to the study of the [Cu(CF3)4]− ion. Complemented by computational methods, the observed spectral transitions are correlated with the electronic structure of the complexes and the Cu Zeff. These calculations demonstrate that a contraction of the Cu 1s orbitals to deeper binding energy upon oxidation of the Cu center manifests spectroscopically as a stepped increase in the energy of both XAS and Kβ2,5 emission features with increasing formal oxidation state within the [Cun+(NHC2)]n+ series. The newly synthesized Cu(III) cation [CuIII(NHC4)]3+ exhibits spectroscopic features and an electronic structure remarkably similar to [Cu(CF3)4]−, supporting a physical oxidation state assignment of low-spin d8 Cu(III) for [Cu(CF3)4]−. Combining XAS and VtC XES further demonstrates the necessity of combining multiple spectroscopies when investigating the electronic structures of highly covalent copper complexes, providing a template for future investigations into both synthetic and biological metal centers.

A Description Method of In-plane Geometric Deviation of Parts Based on Scanning Toolpath Deviation Coordinate System

Due to the complex physical state changes during Additive Manufacturing processes, geometric deviations of part surface are unavoidable. In order to assist the study of part geometric deviation from the perspective of physical mechanism, according to the characteristics of layer-wise and line-wise printing in additive manufacturing, a method to describe the in-plane geometric deviation is presented in this paper. The geometric deviation coordinate system is established based on the scanning toolpath and its feed wire as well as the orthogonal direction of the baseline and the feed line in this method. The in-plane geometric deviation can be expressed through scanning toolpath mapping function considering the deviation factors. The geometric deviation representation method is preliminarily verified by the case study of Fused Deposition Modeling parts with a cylinder shape.

Improvement of physical qualities of servicemants, who received concusion of the brain

Ensuring a high level of combat capability of servicemen is a necessary and sufficient condition for their successful fulfillment of the task of defending our state. The activity of a serviceman is characterized by increased physical and mental stress, the impact on the psyche of various stressors, performing tasks in special conditions associated with risk to life and health [1, 2, 3]. However, extreme stress, eating disorders and rest, as well as other harmful factors of work, no doubt, reduce the body’s adaptive reserves and lead to the development of maladaptation syndrome, psycho-emotional status and disability [4].The participation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in hostilities in the east of the country has led to a significant increase in the number of servicemen with combat injuries, mutilations or injuries. According to experts, almost all participants in hostilities have health problems, in particular 2–3 times higher probability of diseases such as hypertension, gastritis, osteochondrosis, spinal hernia [5; 6]. One of the most common combat injuries is contusion, its prevalence among the total number of injuries is 70 [7; 8; 9; 10]. Changes in mental and physical states are observed in servicemen with contusions [5; 11; 12]. This contingent of servicemen is important for the Ukrainian army, as their combat experience is important as a basis for the development and improvement of military training. But their health can be an obstacle to the successful performance of their duties.Therefore, the purpose of our study is to substantiate, develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive program of ergogenic orientation for servicemen after contusion to increase their combat capability. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are defined:- analysis and generalization of modern scientific and methodological approaches to the recovery and rehabilitation of servicemen who had combat injuries;- analysis of the peculiarities of the way of life and the state of special physical qualities of servicemen who had contusions as factors that ensure combat readiness;- substantiation and development from the theoretical and methodological standpoint of measures to optimize the lifestyle and physical training program for servicemen who have suffered a concussion.Material: The article analyzes and summarizes modern scientific and methodological approaches to the recovery and rehabilitation of servicemen who have suffered injuries, substantiates measures to optimize lifestyles and physical training programs for servicemen who have suffered a concussion.Results: Our previous studies have found that the dosed use of exercise balances the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system, enhances its regulatory role in coordinating the activities of important organs and systems involved in the pathological process

Changes in Physical and Psychological States with Respect to the Gender of Outpatients Receiving Rehabilitation at Geriatric Health Services Facilities during the COVID-19 State of Emergency.

This study was a sub-analysis of 20 consecutive elderly participants who underwent outpatient rehabilitation at a geriatric health services facility from January 2020 to the end of May 2020, based on our previous report. This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal changes in their physical and psychological states with respect to gender in rehabilitation outpatients between the pre-nationwide (T1) and post-nationwide state of emergency (T2) caused by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Gait speed (GS), timed up and go (TUG), handgrip strength (HG), and maximum phonation time (MPT) were measured as indices of physical status. The Japanese version of the Apathy Scale and five-level EuroQoL five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) were used to assess the psychological state. Both states were measured in the male and female groups at T1 and T2 and then were compared. The final analysis was comprised of 13 outpatients. In males, the physical (GS, p = 0.463; TUG, p = 0.600; HG, p = 0.753; and MPT, p = 0.249) and psychological (Apathy Scale, p = 0.891 and EQ-5D-5L, p = 0.249) states did not change significantly between T1 and T2. In the females, the physical (GS, p = 0.600; TUG, p = 0.735; HG, p = 1.000; and MPT, p = 0.310) and psychological (Apathy Scale, p = 0.588 and EQ-5D-5L, p = 0.176) states also did not show significant change between T1 and T2. In both sexes, the continuance of outpatient rehabilitation might be recommended as one activity that can maintain physical and psychological states during a COVID-19-related state of emergency.

Premenstrual changes in physical and mental state experienced by women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their impact on daily living activities

Premenstrual changes in physical and mental state experienced by women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their impact on daily living activities

Influence of weekly physical exercises on indicators of biological age of student's youth

Background and Study Aim. The physical activity level of students is closely associated with ecological, hygienic, and socioeconomic facts. This is especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has dramatically reduced the student opportunity to engage in regular physical activity. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of the weekly physical exercises on the indicators of biological age of students of higher education institutions of Ukraine.&#x0D; Material and Methods. The study involved 409 students (182 boys and 227 girls), who were divided into experimental (87 boys and 117 girls) and control (95 boys and 110 girls) groups. The biological age (BA) of students was determined by means of Voitenko’s method using biomarkers of their physical status. Indices of the cardiovascular system (pulse, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure); respiratory system (vital capacity, the Hench and Stange test); central nervous system (static balancing); PHSA (personal health self-assessment) were studied. In addition, a questionnaire-based survey of students on their health self-assessment including 27 questions was carried out. Statistica 13.5 statistical software package was used to process the experimental material. Methods of variation statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were used. The coefficients of the Student t-test and Fisher’s F-test were calculated. &#x0D; Results. In the process of pedagogical experiment, the positive impact of the author’s physical education program on BA of students of the experimental group (EG) was revealed: in boys, the positive dynamics of BA changes was detected already after four additional hours of performing exercises per week, whereas in girls – after six or more hours. The most pronounced changes in physical state, which determined BA decrease during academic year were noted in students with a weekly motor regime exceeding 6 hours. In boys of EG, the biological age decreased at the end of the experiment by 11,1 years (p &lt; 0,001), whereas in girls – by 5,3 years (p &lt; 0,001). No positive changes of BA were observed at the end of the experiment in students of the control group (CG), whose weekly regime of motor activity constituted 2 hours. In boys of EG, the decrease of BA is manifested after four additional hours of performing physical exercises per week, whereas in girls – after six or more hours. The most pronounced changes in BA indices during the academic year were noted in students of the experimental group with weekly motor regime exceeding 6 hours.&#x0D; Conclusions. The developed mathematical models are recommended to be used for estimating, modelling, and predicting the biological age of students according to informative indices of physical state.

Characterization of the gut DNA and RNA Viromes in a Cohort of Chinese Residents and Visiting Pakistanis.

Trillions of viruses inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. Some of them have been well-studied on their roles in infection and human health, but the majority remains unsurveyed. It has been established that the composition of the gut virome is highly variable based on the changes of diet, physical state, and environmental factors. However, the effect of host genetic factors, for example ethnic origin, on the gut virome is rarely investigated. Here, we characterized and compared the gut virome in a cohort of local Chinese residents and visiting Pakistani individuals, each group containing twenty-four healthy adults and six children. Using metagenomic shotgun sequencing and assembly of fecal samples, a huge number of viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) were identified for profiling the DNA and RNA viromes. National background contributed a primary variation to individuals’ gut virome. Compared with the Chinese adults, the Pakistan adults showed higher macrodiversity and different compositional and functional structures in their DNA virome and lower diversity and altered composition in their RNA virome. The virome variations of Pakistan children were not only inherited from that of the adults but also tended to share similar characteristics with the Chinese cohort. We also analyzed and compared the bacterial microbiome between two cohorts and further revealed numerous connections between viruses and bacterial host. Statistically, the gut DNA and RNA viromes were covariant to some extent (P < 0.001), and they both correlated the holistic bacterial composition and vice versa. This study provides an overview of the gut viral community in Chinese and visiting Pakistanis and proposes a considerable role of ethnic origin in shaping the virome.

Results of implementation of a program of individual support of chemoradiation therapy in patients with head and neck tumors

The study objective is to improve quality of life in patients with oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma during chemo/bioradiation therapy and at early stages after its completion which allows to perform the full extent of radiation within optimal treatment period.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of data on 196 patients who underwent chemoradiation therapy between 2005 and 2016 was performed. The results were used to develop and implement a program of support for chemo/bioradiotherapy. The program was characterized by: 1. use of Russian hydrogel materials for local delivery of antibiotics and wound-healing, anesthetizing, anti-inflammatory medications; 2. new regimens of pain relief with differentiated pathogenetic approach and use of modern transdermal long-acting forms; 3. nutritional support at every treatment stage; 4. assurance of compliancy. To evaluate the program, prospective randomized controlled study was performed between January of 2017 and March of 2019 including 60 patients.Results. Mucositis and dermatitis severity and changes in physical state associated with them, progression and duration of radiation did not significantly differ in the two groups. Use of the support program allowed to control adverse effects and to perform chemoradiotherapy to the full extent, at optimal time and with satisfactory quality of life.Conclusion. The program of support of chemo/bioradiotherapy in combination with psychological support is effective both form the point of view of optimization of treatment and rehabilitation times and from the point of view of maintenance of high quality of life in patients.

Prominence of the Instability of a Stabilizing Agent in the Changes in Physical State of a Hybrid Nanomaterial.

Shaping ability of hybrid nanomaterials is a key point for their further use in devices. It is therefore crucial to control it. To this end, it is necessary that the macroscopic properties of the material remain constant over time. Here, we evidence by multinuclear Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopic study including 17 O isotope exchange that for a ZnO-alkylamine hybrid material, the partial carbonation of amine into ammonium carbamate molecules is behind the conversion from highly viscous liquid to a powdery solid when exposed to air. This carbonation induces modification and reorganization of the organic shell around the nanocrystals and affects significantly the macroscopic properties of the material such as it physical state, its solubility and colloidal stability. This study, straightforwardly extendable, highlights that the nature of the functional chemical group allowing connecting the stabilizing agent (SA) to the surface of the nanoparticles is of tremendous importance especially if the SA is reactive with molecules present in the environment.

A Pilot Study on the Effect of an Energy Drink on Interoception in High vs. Low Anxiety Sensitivity Individuals

Abstract. Background: The market for energy drinks has grown quickly over the past 20 years. While the physiological and psychological effects of different ingredients have been studied, the influence of energy drinks on interoceptive processes is unclear. Anxiety has been associated with amplified interoceptive functioning, suggesting potentially exaggerated reactions to energy drinks. Aims: Investigate the effect of energy drink consumption and anxiety sensitivity (AS) as well as their possible interactions on cardiorespiratory dimensions of interoception. Method: Thirty-nine healthy students consumed an energy drink via a placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design. Cardiac and respiratory interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), interoceptive sensibility (IS), and interoceptive evaluation (IE) were assessed. Heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs) were analyzed to evaluate neural processing of the heartbeat. Results: Consumption of one energy drink did not influence IAcc, IS, or IE. However, high AS subjects reported reduced interoceptive confidence after energy drink intake. While HEP amplitudes did not differ depending on the type of drink, high AS subjects showed reduced HEPs overall compared to low AS subjects. Heart rate was significantly lower following energy drink consumption as compared to the placebo condition. Limitations: The sample size was small, energy dosages low, and physiological parameters should be assessed in more detail. Conclusion: Energy drink consumption was associated with an interoceptive bias in high AS individuals suggesting possible interaction effects between changes in physical state, interoception, and anxiety.

The role of a clinical psychologist in the system of medical and psychological support of cancer patients at radiation therapy stage (аnalytical review of literature and own clinical data)

Background. Being diagnosed with cancer is a dramatically stressful condition for a human. Radiation therapy (RT), which is an essential of combination antineoplastic treatment, can cause physical and emotional state changes. Realizing these changes is an additional stress factor that results in impaired life quality of a cancer patient as well refusal to undergo further treatment. At present, there is no distinct system of providing psychological aid for cancer patients in Ukraine.&#x0D; Purpose. To carry out analysis and generalization of research literature data in terms of providing psychological aid for cancer patients at RT stage and to present own findings of psychological study enrolling 55 female patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer at RT stage at SO «Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology» within the period from 2015 to 2018.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The literature review involved available contributions obtained via literature search in domestic (Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine) and foreign databases (Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, BMC, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, RNB). Fifty-five patients with endometrial cancer of stage I–II (T1b-c N0 M0 – T2a -b N0 M0) underwent clinical and laboratory examination. The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was confirmed by means of a histologic study. All patients underwent panhysterectomy and postsurgery course of distant gamma-therapy on “РОКУС-АМ” device by split fractionation. Fifteen patients were provided with psychological correction at RT stage. In order to assess life quality, SF-36 (Health Status Survey) was used. An assessment of the severity of psychosomatic disorders in patients with endometrial cancer was made by means of EORTC QLQ-C30 survey.&#x0D; Results. The paper analyzes psychological aid provided to oncology patients at radiation therapy stage in Ukraine and overseas. It presents the peculiarities of patients’ psychological responses during irradiation and possible consequences of higher mental function impairment. The targets of psychological correction and factors influencing life quality of a patient have been considered as well as the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions outcomes of different approaches has been provided. The study states that, currently, medical and psychological follow-up of cancer patients does not consist only in reassuring talk and drug correcting of their psychological state aimed to reduce distress, anxiety and depression level, but also in psychocorrection, psychoeducation, the access to psychotherapeutic groups, individual psychotherapy. The efficiency of applying own developed schemes of medical and psychological correction of emotional state of women with EC is presented, the use of which has made it possible to reduce the manifestations of sleep disorders, cognitive function and fatigue.&#x0D; Conclusions. Following a differentiated strategy when choosing methods of psychological aid for oncology patients and their families at radiation therapy stage via psychocorrection of emotional, cognitive and behavioral spheres, psychoeducation or psychotherapeutic interventions will make it possible to significantly improve their psychological status and quality of life.

In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Palm Olein and Palm Stearin-in-Water Emulsions with Different Physical States and Fat Contents.

The impacts of lipid physical state and content on lipid digestion behavior were investigated using 4 and 20% palm olein-in-water emulsions (4% PO and 20% PO) and 4 and 20% palm stearin-in-water emulsions (4% PS and 20% PS). The changes of lipid physical state, particle size, and microstructure during gastrointestinal digestion; the free fatty acid (FFA) released in the intestinal phase; and the fatty acid composition of micellar phases were investigated. After gastric digestion, all emulsions underwent flocculation and coalescence, with 20% PS showing the most extensive aggregation. During intestinal digestion, the FFA release rate and level decreased as the lipid content increased from 4 to 20%, with 4% PO presenting the highest digestion rate and extent. Besides, the solid fat in 4% PS and 20% PS decreased and increased the maximum lipid digestibility, respectively. These results highlighted the combined roles of lipid physical state and content in modulating dietary lipid digestion.

TOXICITY PROFILE OF CELASTRUS PANICULATUS SEEDS: A PRECLINICAL STUDY

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the toxicity profile of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) by performing a preclinical study on Swiss albino mice and demonstrate a safety description through monitoring their autonomic, neurological, behavioral, physical, and biochemistry profiles.&#x0D; Methods: The toxicity profiles (acute and subacute) of CP were evaluated using Swiss albino mice in which they were divided into four groups: Group I received 1% Tween 20 and dimethyl sulfoxide. Group II, III, and IV received CP seed oil orally, at doses of 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight for both acute and subacute toxicity studies in accordance with Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines No. 423. Special attention was given during the first 4 h and daily thereafter for a total of 14 days. Behavioral profile, physical state changes, and other parameters such as tremors, convulsion, lethargy were noted. Clinical signs were observed daily during the 28 days of the treatment period. Body weights were measured once a week. On the 29th day, the animals were kept to overnight and blood samples were collected through retro-orbital puncture for biochemical analysis.&#x0D; Results: In both acute and subacute toxicity studies, the treatment with CP did not affect the normal health status of animals. It is suggestive that CP is considered practically non-toxic.&#x0D; Conclusion: The toxicity profile of CP seed oil was evaluated and found to be safe until 2000 mg/kg dose.

Sobrecarga de trabalho em familiares de idosos em cuidados paliativos

Os cuidados paliativos tem por princípios reafirmar a importância da vida, enfrentando a morte como um processo natural, tendo a família um importante papel nesse processo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer o que a literatura nacional tem apresentado, no período de 2013 a 2019, sobre a temática sobrecarga de trabalho e suas dimensões nos cuidados familiares às pessoas idosas em cuidados paliativos. Trata-se de um estudo reflexivo realizado com apoio de dez artigos e uma dissertação selecionados a partir dos descritores “cuidadores”, “idoso” e “assistência domiciliar” nas bases de pesquisa virtual Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Literatura Latino-americano e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Base de dados de Enfermagem, Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde e Medline. As necessidades e dificuldades são comuns entre as vivências dos familiares. A sobrecarga de trabalho do cuidador é um fenômeno multidimensional que envolve alterações tanto no estado físico quanto no estado emocional do indivíduo. A rotina de um cuidador exige condições de preparo emocional, psicológico e físico, o que muitas vezes não acontece em todas as famílias. Pensando na reflexão acerca da proposta dos Cuidados Paliativos é fundamental considerar a família como unidade de cuidado, o contexto dos cuidadores familiares, ele é cercado de mudanças e desafios, seja no que tange as dificuldades de sobrecarga no cuidado para com o idoso, seja na ausência de condições socioeconômicas.

Multi-instrumentation monitoring for the curing process of a composite structure

The phenomena occurring during curing process is one of the major issues to deal in order to improve the physical properties of a composite structure. In this work, a multi-instrumentation setup is conceived in order to have a better understanding of composites curing using different devices (tunnelling junction sensors, optical fibres and flexible ultrasonic transducers). The sensors are simultaneously embedded or placed on the surface of a thick carbon-epoxy plate for monitoring its autoclave cycle. By means of all signals, an evolution of temperature, internal strains and physical state changes is described. A qualitative statement from all measurements is provided to have a first approach of the initial state of the composite plate. With this methodology, the initial state after composite manufacturing can be considered in the structure design procedure to improve its mechanical performance.