Institute Of Physical Research Research Articles

Development and applications ofultrafast transmission electron microscopy.

We present a review on the development and applications of the ultrafast transmission electron microscopy (UTEM) at RIKEN. We introduce the UTEM system for the pump-probe TEM observation in a wide temporal range. By combining the UTEM and pixelated detector, we further develop five-dimansional scanning TEM (5D STEM) which provides the ultrafast nanoscale movie of physical quantities in nano-materials, such as crystal lattice information and electromagnetic field, by convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) and differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging technique. We show our recent results on the nanosecond-to-microsecond magnetic skyrmion dynamics observed by Lorentz TEM (LTEM) and photo-induced acoustic wave generation in picosecond regime by bright-field TEM and electron diffraction measurements by UTEM. We also show the demonstartion of the 5D STEM on the quantitative time (t)-dependent strain mapping by CBED with an accuracy of 4 ps and 8 nm, and the ultrafast demagnetization under zero magnetic field observed by DPC with 10 ns and 400 nm resolution.

Kuroda Chika (1884-1968) – Pioneer Woman Chemist in Twentieth Century Japan

Kuroda Chika was the first Japanese woman to graduate in chemistry. This article describes her early education and subsequent career in chemical research in Japan from 1913, and includes two years in Oxford (1921-1923). Her career as a researcher in The Physical and Chemical Research Institute (RIKEN) and as a professor at Ochanomizu University in Tokyo is described. Kuroda’s organic chemistry studies, specifically the identification of the constitution of plant dyes is described. The status of female education and female employment in Japan during the first half of the twentieth century are also considered. Later in her career the achievements of Kuroda Chika were acknowledged with prestigious prizes and awards.

Health promotion for workers focusing on physical activity and sedentary behavior: Epidemiological studies in occupational health at the Physical Fitness Research Institute

Health promotion for workers focusing on physical activity and sedentary behavior: Epidemiological studies in occupational health at the Physical Fitness Research Institute

O Projeto João do Pulo no Centro de Capacitação Física do Exército (CCFEx) – Experiências iniciais de um núcleo piloto

Introdução: Em 2015, o Ministério da Defesa instituiu um projeto para promover a valorização pessoal e a integração social de militares com deficiência a partir da prática esportiva. Foram estabelecidos quatro núcleos piloto nas três Forças: Marinha, Exército e Aeronáutica, para iniciar o processo e, posteriormente, apoiar novos núcleos.
 Objetivo: Apresentar e comentar, em linhas gerais, as propostas do Projeto João do Pulo (PJP) e as experiências iniciais de sua implantação no Centro de Capacitação Física do Exército (CCFEx).
 Conclusão: O PJP no CCFEx conta com uma equipe composta por: gerente, coordenador técnico científico, profissionais de saúde (do próprio centro e de instituições parceiras) para monitoramento da saúde, planejamento e execução dos treinamentos físicos e desportivos. A infraestrutura física do CCFEx dispõe de sala de musculação, pista de atletismo, ginásio e laboratórios de pesquisa científica da Escola de Educação Física do Exército (EsEFEx), e do Instituto de Pesquisa da Capacitação Física do Exército (IPCFEx), organizações militares subordinadas ao CCFEx, que complementam as avaliações de saúde dos participantes. As parcerias formadas com instituições que já trabalham com a prática esportiva para pessoas com deficiência têm sido de grande importância para a condução do projeto. Em consonância com os objetivos do Ministério da Defesa para o PJP, espera-se que outras organizações militares do Brasil sejam voluntárias para implementar o PJP, preservando os objetivos primários do projeto e considerando a importância do monitoramento da saúde e do bem-estar dos participantes, bem como, a relevância da realização de parcerias locais, a fim de vencer eventuais obstáculos à sua realização no que se refere à infraestrutura disponível em cada organização militar.

Electric field DC conductivity dependency of polyimide films

Over the last half century, the existence of an additional thermal transition in between the glass transition and the Curie/melting transition has been frequently observed on vinylidenefluoride-based ferro-, pyro- and piezoelectric homo- and co-polymers. The transition has also been observed recently in some of the related relaxor-ferroelectric terpolymers. Despite its well-known existence and the rich history of its treatment in the literature, the origin(s) and a more or less complete picture of the mid-temperature transition have remained elusive until now. Over the years, several authors have put forth various explanations for the so-called mid-temperature transition — some complementary and some contradictory to each other. At the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Electrets (ISE-17) in Limerick, Ireland, in September 2019, the mysterious mid-temperature transition and its possible mechanism(s) became the subject of a panel discussion a) to mark the Golden Jubilee of the discovery of piezoelectricity in polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) by Heiji Kawai of Kobayashi Institute of Physical Research, Japan, as well as the Centennial of the first recognition of ferroelectricity in piezoelectric Seignette's or Rochelle salt. The panel put forward a new hypothesis that the mid-temperature transition is most likely a result of several interrelated processes that take place within the respective temperature range. The relevant processes include an upper glass transition or relaxation, a relaxation related to conformational disorder, possible imperfect/time-dependent structures formed as a result of thermal processing and secondary crystallization, as well as interface polarization effects at crystalline-amorphous boundaries. The article captures the essence of the panel discussion and the perspectives obtained therefrom to elucidate the complex mid-temperature transition in vinylidenefluoride-based ferro-, pyro- and piezoelectric homo-, co- and ter-polymers.

Bouncing back after lumbar spine surgery: early postoperative resilience is associated with 12-month physical function, pain interference, social participation, and disability

BACKGROUND CONTEXTPositive psychosocial factors early after surgery, such as resilience and self-efficacy, may be important characteristics for informing individualized postoperative care. PURPOSETo examine the association of early postoperative resilience and self-efficacy on 12-month physical function, pain interference, social participation, disability, pain intensity, and physical activity after lumbar spine surgery. STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGPooled secondary analysis of prospectively collected trial data from two academic medical centers. PATIENT SAMPLETwo hundred and forty-eight patients who underwent laminectomy with or without fusion for a degenerative lumbar condition. OUTCOME MEASURESPhysical function, pain inference, and social participation (ability to participate in social roles and activities) were measured using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. The Oswestry Disability Index, Numeric Rating Scale, and accelerometer activity counts were used to measure disability, pain intensity, and physical activity, respectively. METHODSParticipants completed validated outcome questionnaires at 6 weeks (baseline) and 12 months after surgery. Baseline positive psychosocial factors included resilience (Brief Resilience Scale) and self-efficacy (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire). Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess the associations between early postoperative psychosocial factors and 12-month outcomes adjusting for age, sex, study site, randomized group, fusion status, fear of movement (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia), and outcome score at baseline. This study was funded by Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and Foundation for Physical Therapy Research. There are no conflicts of interest. RESULTSResilience at 6 weeks after surgery was associated with 12-month physical function (unstandardized beta=1.85 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29; 3.40]), pain interference (unstandardized beta=−1.80 [95% CI: −3.48; −0.12]), social participation (unstandardized beta=2.69 [95% CI: 0.97; 4.41]), and disability (unstandardized beta=−3.03 [95% CI: −6.04; −0.02]). Self-efficacy was associated with 12-month disability (unstandardized beta=−0.21 [95% CI: −0.37; −0.04]. CONCLUSIONSPostoperative resilience and pain self-efficacy were associated with improved 12-month patient-reported outcomes after spine surgery. Future work should consider how early postoperative screening for positive psychosocial characteristics can enhance risk stratification and targeted rehabilitation management in patients undergoing spine surgery.

Preface

It is an honour for Universitas PGRI Semarang (UPGRIS-Indonesia) to be the host of the 7th International Conference on DV-Xα Method: The Advances-Related Experiments andTheories on Material Science (ICDM 2019). We are pleased to have cooperation with DVXα Society to hold this international event. As we know, the previous conferences related to this topic had been conducted six times: once in Hungary, three times in South Korea, two times in Japan and supported by some institutions as the hosts: The Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI-Hungary), Seoul National University (South Korea), Kunsan National University (South Korea), National Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN-Japan), Korean Basic Science Institute (KBSISouth Korea), and University of Hyogo (Japan).ICDM 2019 was an international event aimed at presenting contemporary research and accommodating discussion for scientists, scholars, engineers, students, research institutes, and industries in the field of advanced materials, science and information technology. It was successfully held on 2 - 4 September 2019 in Semarang, Indonesia. This event was organized by Universitas PGRI Semarang (UPGRIS - Indonesia) in cooperation with DVXa Society (Japan), Kwansei Gakuin University (Japan), Kobe University (Japan), Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang (Indonesia), Universitas PGRI Madiun (Indonesia) and under the coordination of Centre of Science and Technology UPGRIS (Indonesia).ICDM 2019 was attended by 110 participants, and a total of 60 papers were presented and discussed. The papers were authored by 30 students and 34 lecturers. Categories of presentation sessions were divided into two sessions; lecture and poster sessions. There were 4 keynote speakers, 18 invited speakers, 20 general speakers who delivered the talks in lecture sessions and 18 poster presenters. Conference presenters were from various countries, 1 presenter from the United States, 1 presenter from Thailand, 1 presenter from South Korea, 1 presenter from Estonia, 25 presenters from Japan, 1 presenter from Ukraine and 30 presenters from Indonesia.We are proud and grateful for the interest you expressed in the discussion of this theme. It provoked discussion among participants over the best ways to implement DV-Xα Method in advances experiments on material sciences. Throughout the process, hopefully we could contribute answers or alternative solutions for the demand of the progressing industry in regards to advanced materials to support the development of many countries.

Preface

In this Volume are published the papers of the IX All-Russian scientific Conference with international participation on Continuum Mechanics and Celestial Mechanics – CICMCM’2019 held in Tomsk (Russia) November 18-20, 2019. The current event is the annual pre-anniversary meeting in the field of continuum mechanics and celestial mechanics at the Tomsk State University. This time the conference was attended by more than 100 scientific groups from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov, Tomsk, Birobidzhan, Izhevsk, Novosibirsk, Kaliningrad and other cities.The conference was organized by the Physical and Engineering Faculty and Research Institute Applied Mathematics and Mechanics at Tomsk State University (RIAMM) engaged in research in these particular areas. A lot of the scientific results were obtained using domestic noncommercial software packages and experimental facilities. Almost every third report is supported by various scientific Foundations, including the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) and the Russian Science Foundation (RSN). Centers for Collective Use, including supercomputer Skyf-Cyberia are increasingly being used by many authors.Current volume contains 25 articles and is already the third it published in IOP Publishing. Articles of other participants will be published in scientific journal Works of Tomsk State University. Physics and Mathematical Series. The edition is available in open access and indexed Russian Science Citation Index. I would very much like for the scientific research published in the volume to receive an impetus for development by conducting joint work in the framework of the European and Russian scientific Foundations.List of Logos, Conference Chair, Editor-in-Chief are available in this pdf.

小資源下の核エネルギー評価：理化学研究所における 玉木英彦によるウラン臨界条件の研究 1943 年

小資源下の核エネルギー評価：理化学研究所における 玉木英彦によるウラン臨界条件の研究 1943 年

Metamaterials and Metasurfaces

Since the proposal of metamaterials by Rodger Walser in 1999, the recent twenty years have witnessed the rapid development of various metamaterials and 2D metasurfaces in a wide range of frequency bands covering the microwave, terahertz, infrared, visible and ultraviolet. Metamaterials exhibit unusual electromagnetic properties not occurring in natural materials, such as negative refraction and hyperbolic dispersion, enabling numerous completely novel applications, including perfect imaging, invisibility cloaking, quantum effects enhancement and even the mimic of celestial mechanics. Although 3D metamaterials have experienced thriving advancement in the microwave and infrared region, the realization of low-loss optical metamaterials has been scarce. As a result of the easiness of large scale fabrication, 2D metasurfaces have attracted considerable attention in the latest 10 years. Through the generalization of Snell's law to ultra-broadband perfect absorption of light, metasurfaces have shown their great potentials in the manipulation of all the properties of electromagnetic waves. Currently, most of the commercial meta-devices are operating in the microwave regime, in the form of some kinds of metasurfaces.1 It is also believed that the first generation of practical optical meta-devices will utilize metasurface implementations.2, 3 It is a great dream of physical scientists and engineers to convert theoretical breakthroughs to revolutionary technologies and products. However, there are still some gaps between the theories and mass production for both the metamaterials and metasurfaces in the optical bands. For example, the operating bandwidth and efficiency of traditional resonant meta-devices are limited as a consequence of the strong resonance and damping of energy. In addition, the metalenses are suffering from chromatic dispersion, which limits their applications in broadband white light imaging. Besides these theoretical challenges, the large-scale fabrication of subwavelength structures with low cost and high precision is urgently required. Although it is relatively easy for the microwave community, the difficulty increases dramatically when the minimal structure dimensions scale down to tens of nanometers. In the past few years, many efforts have been devoted to solving the above problems, and many milestone results have been obtained. To promote the researches in novel metamaterials and metasurfaces, and transform prototypes to practical functional devices, Advanced Optical Materials decided to launch a special issue on this topic. The leading scientists in this field have been invited to write authoritative reviews on specified topics or share their original discoveries that break the challenges faced by the community. We hope that this could serve as a good celebration of the 20th anniversary of metamaterials and give a flavor for the current and exciting future research directions. This special issue covers a broad range of the cutting-edge research in the fields, such as dielectric metasurfaces, flat lens, light emission, polarization conversion, perfect absorption, plasmonic lithography, spin-orbit interaction, magneto-optical effects, second-harmonic generation, dispersion engineering, and dynamic manipulation. Although there are some differences in the microwave and optical engineering, there is a strong trend to combine all these technologies together, as a result of the merging of civil and military requirements. It should be noted that the field of metamaterials and metasurfaces is not limited to optics and electromagnetics. During the last few years, the spirit of metamaterials has been extended to other disciplines such as acoustics, mechanics and thermal engineering. Owing to the scope of Advanced Optical Materials, we do not consider them in this special issue. This collection comprises 12 high-quality reviews and 8 research articles written by leading experts in this field. As a result of the limited pages and preparing time, some late submissions must be treated as regular articles and not included in this special issue. We apologize for not being able to provide a more comprehensive coverage. Finally, it is a great honor for me to edit this special issue. All the colleagues who contributed their articles are appreciated. Of course, I would give special thanks to Dr. Jipei Yuan for making this special issue possible. Xiangang Luo Chengdu, 2019 Xiangang Luo is currently the director of State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-fabrication and Micro-engineering (SKLOTNM), and the president of the Institute of Optics and Electronics (IOE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He received Ph.D. from Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2001. He was a Research Scientist in The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) of Japan. His research interests include micro/nano-optics, plasmonics, metamaterials, catenary optics and subwavelength electromagnetics. He has published more than 300 scientific papers and 100 patents in optics and related fields. He was elected as Fellow of the Optical Society of America (OSA), International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), the International Academy of Photonics and Laser Engineering (IAPLE), and Chinese Optical Society.

Body Heat Powers Future Electronic Skins

Ruoming Tian recently joined the Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre as an XRD research assistant at the University of New South Wales. She was formerly a Research Scientist at the Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute in Japan (2015–2018) and received her PhD from the University of New South Wales in 2014. Her research interests focus on the nano- and micro-materials, flexible hybrid materials, and smart devices for harvesting both high- and low-grade thermal energy. She has published 2 book chapters and 18 peer-reviewed articles and delivered more than 15 talks at international conferences and leading research institutes. Yuqing Liu is currently an Associate Research Fellow and received her PhD (2018) in the Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), University of Wollongong, Australia. Her research interest is on the fabrication of wearable energy storage and conversion devices (e.g. thermos-cells, batteries, supercapacitors, etc.), mainly focusing on nanostructured electrode materials, gel electrolyte/electrode interface, and device fabrication via printing techniques. Kunihito Koumoto, Professor Emeritus of Nagoya University, received his BS, MS, and PhD from the University of Tokyo (UT). He served as an Assistant Professor, Lecturer, and Associate Professor at UT (1979–1992) and a full professor at Nagoya University (1992–2015). He has published 495 papers and reviews and 58 book chapters in inorganic materials chemistry. He was awarded Medal with Purple Ribbon by the Emperor of Japan in 2013 and Outstanding Achievement Award by the International Thermoelectric Society in 2018. His current research focuses on inorganic/organic nanohybrid thermoelectrics for energy harvesting. Koumoto can be reached by email at koumoto@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp . Jun Chen is currently a Full Professor at IPRI|ACES, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong (UOW). He received BE from Zhejiang University of Technology (1995) and PhD from UOW (2003). Professor Chen has published more than 180 papers and has been named a Highly Cited Researcher for 2018 (Clarivate Analytics). His research interests include sustainable energy devices, electro-/bio-interfaces, nano-/micro-materials, 2D/3D printing, and smart wearable electronic devices. Apart from academic achievements, Chen has also been involved in two spin-off companies: AQUAHYDREX as one of the key inventors, and IMAGINE as one of the scientific founders.

Looking Toward the Next Ten Years

As its first issue was published in 1989, the Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics (JRM) has been in existence for 30 years. Its entrance into its fourth decade this year coincides with the change in the name of the Japanese era, marking a joyous milestone. During the three decades since the JRM was founded, much progress has been made in the areas covered by it, and these areas have expanded to encompass very diverse fields. It was around 1988, when I was at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), that I received a letter from Kazuo Yamafuji, later the first Editor-in-Chief of the editorial board, stressing the need for a journal such as the JRM. I gladly joined the committee to discuss its publication, and after attending a few meetings, I witnessed its successful launch. I served as the Deputy Editorin- Chief of the editorial board. Prior to that time, robots had mainly inhabited the world of science fiction and were not recognized as a technological subject within an academic discipline, except in the field of factory automation. The robots that did exist were usually thought of in a recreational context. Meanwhile, the general trend in academic and engineering disciplines was toward specialization and segmentation, with engineering splitting into mechanical, electronic, and other branches, each becoming progressively isolated from the others. Yet, those working in areas related to product development and manufacturing were expected not only to have knowledge of several engineering disciplines but also to integrate them in applying them. These engineers/technicians were treated as unoriginal emulators existing outside of the conventional systematized and specialized fields, and they were regarded as heretics with no suitable field to represent in making presentations at professional or academic conferences. Even if they hoped to publicize their research findings, there were no professional/academic journals that could provide a proper peer review. It was under these circumstances that the word “mechatronics” was coined in Japan, where it gained currency and also came to earn some recognition in the English-speaking world. Founded at just the right time, the JRM contributed to the spread and growth of mechatronics. Subsequently, the term came to denote, in addition to its original meaning of the integration of mechanics, electronics, and information science, the fusion of widely diverse technologies in human sciences, social sciences, and medicine. In this context, it is my ardent hope that the JRM, in its fourth decade, will increase its presence as a journal that remains unconstrained by conventional specialties and accepts papers and articles that deal with as-yet-unestablished areas that cross multiple fields, contributing to their dissemination. At the time the JRM was founded, Keiji Hayashi was president of Fuji Technology Press Ltd., the organization that annually presents the JRM Best Paper Award. Unfortunately, he passed away at the age of 90 on March 19, 2017, before he could see the JRM’s 30th anniversary. Some time before he passed, he telephoned me to say that he hoped the JRM would continue to widely encompass and nurture as-yet-unknown areas. On this occasion of the 30th anniversary of the JRM, I wish to pay my respects and express my deep gratitude to Mr. Hayashi, who provided his own funds to support its publication. I pray that his soul may rest in peace, and I sincerely hope that the JRM continues to make great strides in the coming decade.Masanori Idesawa

Pion production in a transport model based on mean fields from chiral effective field theory

We develop a Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) transport model based on the $\mathrm{Sk}\ensuremath{\chi}{\mathrm{m}}^{*}$ energy density functional, which is constructed from fitting the nuclear equation of state and nucleon effective masses in asymmetric nuclear matter predicted by the two- and three-body chiral interactions as well as the binding energies of finite nuclei. This new $\ensuremath{\chi}\mathrm{BUU}$ transport model is then used to study how baryon mean-field potentials affect the kinematics of a scattering or decay process and the equilibrium properties of a hot $N\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\pi}$ system in a box with periodic boundary conditions. We find that the inclusion of mean-field potentials in the energy conservation condition for scattering and decay processes is necessary to maintain the equilibrium numbers of $N,\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$, and $\ensuremath{\pi}$. Although the baryon mean-field potentials have significant effects on the total $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}$ numbers, they only slightly affect the ratio of effective negatively to positively charged pions. We also study pion production in central $^{197}\mathrm{Au}+^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at the incident energy of $E/A=400$ MeV and compare the results with the experimental data from the Four Pi (FOPI) Collaboration at the Gesellschaft f\ur Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI) in Germany. We find that our model can well describe the experimental results and the threshold effect due to baryon mean-field potentials does not affect much the charged pion ratio in this model. We further make predictions on pion production for the ongoing experiments of $^{132}\mathrm{Sn}+^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ and $^{108}\mathrm{Sn}+^{112}\mathrm{Sn}$ at the incident energy of $E/A=270$ MeV by the SAMURAI Pion-Reconstruction and Ion-Tracker ($\mathrm{S}\ensuremath{\pi}\mathrm{RIT}$) Collaboration at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) in Japan.

"Electron Theory" and the Emergence of Atomic Physics in Japan.

ArgumentThis paper discusses one aspect of the context in which atomic physics developed in Japan between 1905 and 1931. It argues that during this period, there was a social context in which atomic physics was valued as a study of the electron and was thus relevant to electrical engineering. To demonstrate this, I first show that after the Russo-Japanese War, electrical engineering was deemed a valuable and viable field of research in Japan. Second, I show that physicists wrote textbooks and popular accounts about the electron, covering topics from both atomic physics and electrical engineering and presenting the former as relevant to the latter. Finally, as an example of how atomic physics partially emerged from this context, I discuss the group of Kujirai Tsunetarō, an electrical engineer who worked in the physics department of the Institute for Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN). From Kujirai's group, Nishina Yoshio started his career and became the most important Japanese atomic and nuclear physicist of the 1930s.

Sponsored Collection | Humble Beginning, Bright Future: Institute of Physics (CAS) at 90

The Institute of Physics (IOP) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is the flagship physics research institute in China. IOP is also designated as the National Research Center for Condensed Matter Physics, one of six centers recently named by the country’s Ministry of Science and Technology. The collection of articles in this supplement represent selected major achievements in condensed matter physics research over IOP’s 90-year history, as well as the innovations in technology and industry that have resulted. IOP’s latest development is also discussed—a group of multiple infrastructures and R&D facilities in Huairou Science City, a planned science center with a 100-km 2 area, located in the northeast suburbs of Beijing. This special supplement brought to you by the Science /AAAS Custom Publishing Office.

SENSORS FOR METERING HEAT FLUX AREA DENSITY AND METROLOGICAL EQUIPMENT FOR THE HEAT FLUX DENSITY MEASUREMENT

The demand in measuring and studies of heat conduction of various media is very urgent now. This article considers the problem of heat conduction monitoring and measurement in various media and materials in any industries and branches of science as well as metrological support of the heat flux measurement equipment. The main study objects are both the sensors manufactured and facilities onto which these sensors will be installed: different cladding structures of the buildings, awnings, rocket fairings, boiler units, internal combustion engines. The Company develops and manufactures different types of heat flux sensors: thermocouple, thin-film, heterogeneous gradient as well as metrological equipment for the gauging calibration of the heat flux density measurement. The calibration shall be performed using both referencing method in the unit and by fixed setting of the heat flux in the unit. To manufacture heterogeneous heat flux gradient sensors (HHFGS) the Company developed and designed a number of units: diffusion welding unit, HHFGS cutting unit. Rather good quality HHFGS prototypes were obtained. At this stage the factory tests on the equipment for the heat flux density measurement equipment are planned. A high-sensitivity heat flux sensor was produced, now it is tested at the Construction Physics Research Institute (Moscow). It became possible to create thin-film heat flux sensors with the sensitivity not worse than that of the sensors manufactured by Captec Company (France). The Company has sufficient premises to supply the market with a wide range of sensors, to master new sensor manufacture technologies which will enable their application range.

How to Fix Carbon Dioxide Same Amount as Emission for the Protection of Global Warming

Research & Development in Material Science How to Fix Carbon Dioxide Same Amount as Emission for the Protection of Global Warming Shoichiro Ozaki* The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Japan *Corresponding author: Shoichiro Ozaki, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wakoshi Saitama, Japan Submission: February 13, 2018; Published: February 23, 2018 DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2018.03.000572 ISSN: 2576-8840Volume3 Issue5

Properties of γ -decaying isomers and isomeric ratios in the Sn100 region

Half-lives and energies of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays emitted in the decay of isomeric states of nuclei in the vicinity of the doubly magic $^{100}\mathrm{Sn}$ were measured in a decay spectroscopy experiment at Rikagaku Kenkyusho (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) of Japan Nishina Center. The measured half-lives, some with improved precision, are consistent with literature values. Three new results include a 55-keV $E2\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray from a new $({4}^{+})$ isomer with ${T}_{1/2}=0.23(6)\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ in $^{92}\mathrm{Rh}$, a 44-keV $E2\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray from the $({15}^{+})$ isomer in $^{96}\mathrm{Ag}$, and ${T}_{1/2}({6}^{+})=13(2)$ ns in $^{98}\mathrm{Cd}$. Shell-model calculations of electromagnetic transition strengths in the $({p}_{1/2},{g}_{9/2})$ model space agree with the experimental results. In addition, experimental isomeric ratios were compared to the theoretical predictions derived with an abrasion-ablation model and the sharp cutoff model. The results agreed within a factor of 2 for most isomers. From the nonobservation of time-delayed $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays in $^{100}\mathrm{Sn}$, new constraints on the ${T}_{1/2}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energy, and internal conversion coefficients are proposed for the hypothetical isomer in $^{100}\mathrm{Sn}$.

Research and Development of Eiichi Goto in the University of Tokyo and the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research : The Development of High-Precision CRT for the Analysis of the Bubble Chamber and the Application of the Technology of Controlling an Electron Beam

Research and Development of Eiichi Goto in the University of Tokyo and the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research : The Development of High-Precision CRT for the Analysis of the Bubble Chamber and the Application of the Technology of Controlling an Electron Beam

A Common Beverage with Miraculous Oral Health Benefits – A Review on Green Tea

Nature has bestowed on us a very rich botanical wealth and a large number of assorted types of plants grown in different parts of country. Plants are the richest resource of drugs in traditional systems of medicine. Green tea is one of the most ancient and popular therapeutic beverages consumed around the world. Green tea in its purest form has always influenced human health from generations and day by day scientific evidences throughout the world are making people aware of health benefits associated with this herbal drink. Though green tea is not officially recognized as a medical agent, it is one of the most researched plant-based remedies with possible benefits like promotion of cardio-vascular health, cancer prevention, skin protection, antioxidant activity and many more including improvement of various oral health conditions. This review highlights some recent facts with relevance to current status of green tea benefits in oral health. Chemical composition of green tea One third part of bioactive compounds in green tea is contributed by polyphenols that is the most interesting constituent. The main type of polyphenols are called catechins (flavan-3-ols) also known as tannins serve as astringency constituent. Dr. Michiyo Tsujimura extracted the catechins from tea leaves in 1929 and studied their functions for the first time during his work at The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Japan. Most important kind of catechins include epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG; 59%), epigallocatechin (EGC; 19%), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG; 13.6%) and epicatechin (EC; 6.4%) including EGCG and EGC are reported for their presence in green tea. Both the types along with ECG exhibit antimicrobial activity. ECG