Blood neurodegeneration biomarkers and the muscle-brain axis in older adults: physical performance as a functional mediator of cognition.

Effect of a protein intervention during resistance training with varying training intensities on muscle outcomes in frail community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Systematic Review of Exercise Training and Musculoskeletal Health in Patients Receiving Dialysis.

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by muscle mass loss, systemic inflammation, and anabolic resistance, negatively impacting patients' quality of life and survival. Leucine, an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), has shown promising effects on protein synthesis, particularly in the elderly, but its effects in cancer patients remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of isolated leucine supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and related outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), in an elderly non-cancer cohort as a physiological comparator. This randomized, double-blind, proof-of-concept trial was conducted with 41 participants, divided into two groups: 23 cancer patients and 18 non-cancer (NC) patients. Participants received either 6 g/day of isolated leucine or non-essential amino acids (NEAA) comparator for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI) assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary and exploratory outcomes included skeletal muscle mass index assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), muscle strength, physical performance, phase angle, quality of life, nitrogen balance, and inflammatory markers. The 3-way ANOVA was used to assess pre- and post-supplementation effects. Multiple comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni test. A 2-way ANOVA or the Mann-Whitney test followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons, when appropriate, were applied. Pearson's correlation was used for parametric data, and Spearman's correlation for non-parametric data. Leucine supplementation was associated with a modest increase in ASMMI in the non-cancer leucine group compared with its comparator (Δ 0.31 ± 0.13 vs. 0.08 ± 0.19 kg/m2; p = 0.01). No significant between-group differences were observed in HNC patients. In CL group, ASMMI correlated strongly with PA (r = 0.821, p = 0.01) and moderately with CC (r = 0.673, p = 0.02). In CP group, ASMMI correlated with PA (r = 0.734, p = 0.02); in NCP group, SMMI correlated with HGS (r = 0.862, p = 0.01). Secondary outcomes, including muscle strength, gait speed, phase angle, and inflammatory markers, did not differ significantly between groups. Protein intake remained below recommended levels, and nitrogen balance was negative across cohorts. In this short-term, proof-of-concept study, isolated leucine supplementation was associated with modest gains in muscle mass in elderly individuals without cancer but was not linked with improvements in muscle mass or function in patients with HNC. These findings suggest that supplementation with isolated leucine supplementation alone is insufficient to counteract cancer-related muscle waste and should be investigated as part of multimodal interventions addressing nutrition, inflammation, and physical activity.

Postural control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the role of diabetic neuropathy.

UFL1 deficiency disrupts skeletal muscle lipid metabolism by promoting the ACC1-FASN axis.

Foods rich in anti-inflammatory components and anti-inflammatory supplements for the prevention and treatment of Sarcopenia in older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Associations between physical function, balance confidence, and the probability of walking instability among older adults.

Sequential associations among perceived heat-related symptoms, fatigue, and performance-related behavior during summer training.

Mental cost of simple(st) physical exertion.

Geroprotective effects of diet and exercise plus metformin in frail older veterans with obesity: The DEMFOS randomized trial protocol.

Sarcopenic obesity is an age-related condition characterized by a simultaneous decline in muscle mass and function and by increased adipose tissue. Its prevalence, particularly in Asian populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in Thai people with T2DM. This cross-sectional, observational study included 329 Thai adults with established type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), consecutively recruited from an outpatient clinic. Participants underwent standardized assessments, including bioelectrical impedance analysis, physical performance testing, and laboratory evaluations. Obesity was defined based on percentage body fat derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis, rather than body mass index. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and to identify associated risk factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors after adjustment for potential confounders. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in T2DM was 16.4%, with rates of 15.4% in males and 17.5% in females. Sarcopenia was present in 23.7% of participants, including 7.3% with sarcopenia alone (without obesity). Obesity without sarcopenia was reported in 61.1% (95% CI: 55.7, 66.2). Factors significantly associated with a higher risk of sarcopenic obesity included older age (adjusted OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15, P<0.001) and smaller calf circumference (aOR 1.35, 95% CI 1.11-1.67, P<0.001). Protective factor included greater handgrip strength (aOR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99, P<0.001). The study found a high prevalence of sarcopenic obesity among Thai people with T2DM. Older age and smaller calf circumference were identified as key risk factors. Higher muscle strength was associated with a lower risk of developing sarcopenic obesity.

A Combination of Whey Protein and Vitamin D Reduces Sarcopenia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Impact of eccentric exercise on walking functional capacity after severe COVID-19: randomized, controlled open-label trial.

Physical Function, Life Expectancy, and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A 12-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study.

The role of artificial intelligence in sarcopenia: Advances, applications, and future directions.

Indirect relationship between alexithymia and binge eating disorder in the context of obesity.

Growth differentiation factor-15 as a clinical biomarker of frailty, sarcopenia and functional decline: A systematic literature review.

Vitamin D as a multisystem regulatory hormone: Molecular pathways, physiological integration, and implications for physical performance.

The effect of digital health interventions in older adults with frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.