Physical Infrastructure Research Articles

Paediatric medical imaging in Ireland- challenges, training, and the use of distraction techniques

The National Model of Care for Paediatric Healthcare Services, published in 2016, aims to ensure high-quality care for children across Ireland. However, with few exceptions, radiology departments in general hospitals “lack the necessary physical infrastructure, facilities, and staff training required for paediatrics.” These deficiencies can adversely affect a patient's behaviour and emotions, exacerbating fear of the healthcare system. This study sought to identify the challenges faced by radiographers in Ireland during paediatric imaging, with a focus on post-qualification training and the use of distraction techniques. A cross-sectional, qualitative online survey was conducted via Microsoft Forms, comprising 37 close-ended and eight open-ended questions on paediatric training, challenges, and distraction use. Ninety-six participants were recruited through snowball sampling from 26 hospitals and private clinics across Ireland. Only a small proportion of radiographers (n = 25, 26%) undertook post-qualification training in paediatric imaging, and many reported inadequate educational opportunities (n = 52, 60%). Patient cooperation (n = 45, 52%) and toddlers (n = 75, 90%) were identified as the most challenging aspect and age group, respectively. While distraction is commonly employed (n = 79, 91%), radiology departments often provide insufficient equipment (n = 65, 76%). The lack of equipment and training highlights the need for improvement in paediatric medical imaging services. The development of new training courses and distraction tools may enhance practice, ensuring the provision of high-quality paediatric care. Expanding radiographer training and implementing distraction tools may help paediatric patients better cope with the anxiety and stress associated with healthcare settings.

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL IN ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION: PESANTREN-BASED INSTITUTIONS

This research examines the intellectual capital (IC) at STAI Attanwir Bojonegoro, an Islamic higher education institution based on pesantren principles. The objective is to analyze the institution's human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, along with the challenges faced in managing IC in the digital era. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, gathering data through in-depth interviews and documentary studies. The findings reveal that STAI Attanwir possesses strong human capital in terms of academic competence and Islamic knowledge among teaching staff and educational personnel. Structural capital is evident in the physical infrastructure and integrated information systems such as SIM STAI Attanwir, while relational capital is demonstrated through partnerships with community organizations, government entities, and alumni. Key challenges identified include adapting to technological advancements and managing social and political issues like radicalism. The research concludes by emphasizing the critical role of IC management as a strategy to enhance educational quality and institutional competitiveness in an increasingly competitive future.

Wandering campus footloose: How—and why—to foster connections to our buildings

Campus buildings have been part of our community conversations of late, usually as leaders determine whether those particular founders or donors should be honored. But, as writer Goldie Blumenstyk recently shared, sometimes a building's name offers a sense of inclusion. Other authors, including Biemiller, Buckman, and DeSantis, have also discussed of late how physical infrastructure can help maximize campus planning, pride, publicity, and even investment.

Integrating Metro Stations with the Adjacent Urban Fabric Using TOD Principles: A Case of Agargaon Metro Station, Dhaka

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) principles offer a promising framework for integrating metro stations with their surrounding urban fabric, promoting sustainable urbanization and efficient transportation systems. Dhaka, one of the fastest-growing cities globally, faces significant challenges in traffic congestion, air pollution, and urban sprawl. Introducing metro systems offers a promising solution to alleviate these issues and enhance urban mobility. This study presents a case study of Agargaon Metro Station in Dhaka City, examining its integration with the adjacent urban fabric using TOD principles. Through a combination of field observations, spatial analysis, and stakeholder interviews, the study evaluates the current state of Agargaon Metro Station. On-site assessments examined the station's physical infrastructure, accessibility, and connectivity with nearby areas, while Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyzed spatial data, including land use patterns and transportation networks. Semi-structured interviews with urban planners, government officials, and community members provided insights into the challenges and opportunities for implementing TOD at Agargaon. The findings reveal that the station is underutilized as a TOD hub, with inadequate pedestrian infrastructure and mixed-use developments, leading to poor connectivity and accessibility. The study highlights the necessity of improved land use planning, policy support, and community engagement to enhance the station's role in fostering TOD. These recommendations, if implemented, could alleviate traffic congestion, improve air quality, and create more livable urban spaces, thereby enhancing Dhaka's overall quality of life. Additionally, the research contributes to the social and economic dimensions of urbanization by offering a framework that can be adapted to similar metro stations in Dhaka and other rapidly urbanizing cities.

A quality of life index for the rural periphery of Sri Lanka using GIS multi-criteria decision analysis techniques.

Spatial evaluation of the region is associated with the assessment of the Quality of Life (QoL). Despite numerous research endeavoring to define, measure, quantify, and map the quality of life, there exists a consistent fault in Sri Lanka. Hence, the objective of this study was to construct a QoL index and determine the spatial disparities of QoL from the Polpitigma town to its periphery. The assessment was conducted by employing 20 geographical factors that quantify QoL using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The evaluation assigned weights to each criterion based on the assessments of both local residents and experts, utilizing the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The findings indicated that cultural factors made a greater contribution compared to the environment,service functions,security and socioeconomic factors. Within the study area, the region with a higher quality of life (HQoL) only covered 4.5% (17.3 km2), whilst the lower QoL zone encompassed 63.8% (252 km2). And also, the distance from the town is a crucial factor in determining the spatial variations in QoL. The derived model can serve as a road map for local-level planning, as it has been validated and shown to have an accuracy of 74% through the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Considering the lack of previous research in this field, this study offers a crucial contribution in enhancing the QoL for underprivileged communities in the study area by improving employment, income, and accessibility to physical infrastructure, public utility services, and cultural and recreational facilities. Especially the findings of this study can efficiently guide decisions for the distribution of financial resources to enhance the QoL in impoverished rural communities on the rural periphery of DS.

Pakistan Quest for security An Analysis of Internal and External Security

Many times, people think of terrorism as a premeditated, harsh response to perceived injustices. Unfortunately, reports on the repercussions of terrorism frequently lack a clear understanding of the psychological and societal reasons that underlie these kinds of acts. Pakistan has been at the forefront of both the global counterterrorism effort and the experience of terrorism since the events of 9/11. This essay examines the security issues that Pakistan faces as a result of terrorism, which feeds a vicious cycle of radicalization. Pakistan is suffering greatly as a result of the aftermath of terrorism, which has affected its political, social, economic, and physical infrastructure. Terrorism has cost the nation dearly on the social, economic, and human fronts. Despite playing a significant role in the global campaign against terrorism, Pakistan has received unjust labels as a financier of global terrorism. Pakistani terrorism is a complicated problem shaped by many variables, with psychological aspects being one of the most important ones. Since 9/11, countries with a majority of Muslims, especially Pakistan, have felt emotionally threatened by the term "terrorism," frequently connecting it to crimes committed by extreme groups wrongly classified as Muslim

Knowledge and experiences of adolescent girls and young women in the use of sexual reproductive health and HIV services at health facilities in Maputo City, Mozambique.

Knowledge and use of sexual reproductive health and human immunodeficiency virus (SRH and HIV) services are crucial for the prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). This study aims to assess the knowledge and perceptions of AGYW about the SRH and HIV services offered in health facilities in Maputo, Mozambique. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted based on exit surveys with AGYW held at Zimpeto and 1° de Junho Health Facilities in Maputo City, between May 1, and June 9, 2023. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA, using SPSS version 20. 590 AGYW, aged 15-24 years of age, were included in the study. In general, knowledge of SRH and HIV services was fairly high, with knowledge of each specific service offered ranging between 38% and 97%. Knowledge about SRH and HIV services differed depending on the health facility where the AGYW sought SRH and HIV services; the participant's age; their occupation; their religion, and who they lived with. Counseling services were the most commonly reported services attended, with >90% of participants reporting having received counseling for each of the following: STI and HIV and pregnancy prevention, sexuality, and safer sex practices. The quality of SRH and HIV services, and attitudes of the providers were considered good by >90% of AGYW. Roughly 95% of AGYW at Zimpeto Health Facility were either "satisfied" or "very satisfied". Whereas at 1° de Junho Health Facility, only roughly 75% of AGYW were either "satisfied" or "very satisfied", and roughly 20% of AGYW were "little satisfied that their needs had been met that day. Among AGYW there is high levels of knowledge about counseling services in contrast to diagnostics, treatment and clinical care. Specific attention should be given to ensuring appropriate physical infrastructure, such as dedicated adolescent friendly spaces and comfortable seating, and targeted interventions designed and implemented for those health facilities's identified. Targeted interventions should be designed and implemented for those HF's identified with lower AGYW perceived quality of service delivery.

KAJIAN PERENCANAAN PASAR INDUK KABUPATEN BADUNG DENGAN PENDEKATAN TATA RUANG, ARSITEKTUR, DAN BUDAYA LOKAL BALI

In the central market planning project in Badung Regency, Bali, the main objective was to develop an economic center that combines cultural elements with sustainable economic growth. The planning goes beyond the traditional paradigm of development by integrating cultural, social, environmental, architectural, civil engineering and economic factors, creating an entity that carries more value than just commercial transactions. The central market is intended to represent a balance between cultural heritage and the dynamics of modernity, with reference to the principles of Tri Hita Karana (balance with God, fellow humans, and the natural environment) as well as the concept of Hulu - Teben which directs the organization of space based on the flow of the river. The Tri Mandala and Sanga Mandala concepts guide the zone mapping and building orientation, optimizing air circulation and natural lighting. The market architecture adopts traditional Balinese elements such as limasan and jineng roof forms, and utilizes natural materials such as red bricks and temple stones. A purposeful and iconic signage system, including the Ratu Niang Sakti statue, became an important part of the design. The result is a synergy between cultural values and global progress, forming a neighborhood that functions not only as a place of transaction, but also as a vehicle for cultural preservation and a driver of inclusive economic growth. The project encourages active community participation in the development process, accelerates the welfare of local communities, and improves the competitiveness of the region. Thus, the project achieves its goal not only as physical infrastructure, but also as a platform that integrates cultural significance and economic dynamism within the framework of sustainable development

Answering new urban questions: Using eXplainable AI-driven analysis to identify determinants of Airbnb price in Dublin

This paper presents a novel approach for leveraging an eXplainable artificial intelligence approach to examine the price determinants of Airbnb in Dublin, Ireland, mainly focusing on urban characteristics. We employ an interpretable machine learning (ML) approach on publicly accessible Airbnb data to identify optimal Airbnb rental features, predict price trends, and understand Airbnb’s growth in Dublin. Our analysis also integrates features from three main categories: physical geography (e.g., elevation), social geography (e.g., Electoral Division), and infrastructure & economic geography based on housing/rental market theories (e.g., distance from the city centre). This integration of geographical attributes with ML algorithms provides localised insights into Airbnb pricing dynamics, addressing gaps in previous research that often overlooked the impact of geographical features on price prediction. By applying the TreeSHAP utility (tree-based attribute for SHapley Additive exPlanations), we establish the significant role of these geographical features in predicting Airbnb rental prices, thereby reinforcing theories like Alonso’s Bid-Rent Theory. We further validate the robustness of our models through testing procedures. Our study offers considerable value to urban planners, policymakers, urban researchers, and market stakeholders, deepening the understanding of Airbnb’s impact on urban landscapes and contributing to the broader discourse on the Sharing Economy.

Evaluation of Physical Infrastructure and Seismic Vulnerability in the Community of Joa, Jipijapa Canton

This research focuses on the evaluation of physical infrastructure and seismic vulnerability in the Joa commune of Canton Jipijapa (Ecuador). The lack of investment in adequate infrastructure can limit the community's growth and increase its vulnerability to natural disasters. The main objective is to diagnose the infrastructure and evaluate the seismic vulnerability of homes, identifying areas for improvement. The methodology combines surveys of residents and rapid visual assessments of buildings, utilizing the FEMA 154 methodology. The surveys collected information on housing characteristics and residents' perceptions of structural safety, while the rapid visual assessment classified homes according to their seismic vulnerability. The results showed that most homes are built with reinforced concrete or a combination of concrete and wood. Although most residents perceive little need for rehabilitation, the seismic assessment revealed that a significant percentage of homes have high vulnerability. The zoning map identified the areas of greatest risk. The main conclusion is that there is a worrying number of homes with high vulnerability that require urgent attention. It is recommended to implement reinforcement and rehabilitation programs, as well as education and awareness campaigns about seismic risk. Vulnerability zoning provides essential information for risk management and urban planning, with the aim of reducing the community's vulnerability to future earthquakes

Demographic characteristics of those who cycle commute and the effect access to on- and off-road cycle paths has on cycle commute uptake.

ObjectivesIncreasing cycle commute uptake could be an important approach to improving worker health and reducing carbon emissions, congestion and air pollution. In order to increase cycle commute uptake, we must understand the characteristics of those who already cycle to work and the aspects of physical infrastructure that could promote cycling. MethodsIn this work, we use administrative data pertaining to those in employment aged 16-74 years living and working in Glasgow and Edinburgh, Scotland on the night of the 2011 population census. We calculate distances to the nearest cycle path for each individual from cycle route data from around the time of the census that were made computer readable. We looked at the characteristics of those who cycled to work and how proximity to nearest cycle path differed between groups along with how distance from place of residence and place of work to nearest cycle path influenced cycle commute uptake. ResultsWe show how the propensity to cycle commute differs across population characteristics such as sex, age and the National Statistics Socio-economic classification and how the interaction of these factors affects propensity to cycle commute. We also show the ways in which living and working closer to on- and off-road cycle paths increases the likelihood of cycle commuting. DiscussionThe results of this study can be used to inform the most promising groups to aim cycling interventions at thereby improving health and environmental outcomes.

Universal Accessibility in the Design of Public Post Primary Schools: A. Case Study of Birnin Kebbi Metropolis

This research investigates the universal accessibility of secondary school buildings in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis, Nigeria, with a specific focus on understanding and improving physical infrastructure to accommodate diverse needs. Recognizing the fundamental right to education for all, including individuals with disabilities, the study utilizes a case study approach to assess the current state of secondary school buildings in the selected region. Employing a qualitative research approach, specifically an observational study and using an observation checklist as a data collection method, the research aims to identify barriers and challenges to universal accessibility. Key areas of examination include the adequacy of infrastructure, the presence of inclusive design features, and overall compliance with accessibility standards. The research contributes valuable insights to the existing knowledge on inclusive education in Nigeria, shedding light on the current status of secondary school buildings in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis. The findings shows that most of the public secondary schools in Birnin Kebbi were not designed with consideration for inclusiveness. The findings also includes recommendations for policy enhancements, architectural interventions, and awareness campaigns to create a more inclusive and accessible educational environment. By advocating for universally accessible secondary school buildings, the research aims to address the diverse needs of students, fostering an equitable and empowering educational experience for all. Overall, this research bridges gaps in understanding the accessibility landscape of secondary schools in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis. It not only identifies existing challenges but also proposes actionable recommendations for policymakers, architects, and educators to collaboratively work towards a more inclusive educational infrastructure in Nigeria.

Caffeinating Entrepreneurship: Understating the Factors Driving Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intentions among Potential Entrepreneurs

While entrepreneurship continues to gain significance worldwide as a means for economic development and a tool for youth employment, coffee cultivation entrepreneurial intention becomes an essential goal to investigate and a necessary instrument. Accordingly, this research investigates the role of external factors, namely Access to Finance (ATF), Structural and Institutional Support (SIS), Physical Infrastructure Support (PIS), Social Influence (SIF) and Education and Training (ET), in stimulating Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intention (CFEI) among potential entrepreneurs (students). A sample of 318 participants from various universities in Saudi Arabia responded to an online questionnaire, forming the basis for analysis using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The study reported different findings, such as a positive relationship between CFEI and other factors, namely PIS, SIF and ET. However, the study found no positive connection between ATF, SIS and CFEI. The study concluded by providing actionable recommendations for policymakers about stimulating coffee farming among students and contributing to the economic development process and youth employment. It also assists in the establishment of sustainable business environments for future generations.

Ensuring Peace, Public Order and Stability In The Context of Preventing Violence In Islamic Urban Design and City Planning

Islamic cities exhibit distinctive features aimed at preventing violence, promoting human well-being, and safeguarding the rights of individuals. These characteristics encompass deliberate choices in urban planning and governance. Key attributes include a mosque-centric layout, expansive public squares, green spaces, organized urban fabric, and efficient administrative management. The maintenance of public order was entrusted to the head of state in the capital and governors in other regions, with additional officials such as commanders, ḳāḍīs (judges), Muḥtasib (market overseer), Ṣāḥib al-S̲h̲urṭa (chief of police), and ʿasas (security officers) appointed to ensure security and peace. Akhism provide additional assistance at this stage. This research will delve into Islamic cities' physical infrastructure and institutional framework, focusing on violence prevention. Given Islamic urbanism's diverse geographical spread and historical evolution, the study will analyze select early-period cities, considering urban plans and administrative systems to facilitate comparative analysis.

Using exploratory modeling to challenge narratives of risk governance in Mexico City.

Achieving more sustainable adaptation to social-environmental change demands the transformation of the narratives that provide the rationale for risk governance. These narratives often reflect long-standing beliefs about social and political relationships, ascribe actions and responsibilities, and specify solutions to risk. When such solutions are implemented through material investments in landscapes, these narratives become embedded in physical infrastructure with long legacies. Dominant narratives can mask a range of divergent problem framings. By masking alternatives, narratives can contribute to the persistence of unsustainable governance trajectories. Decision-support tools have begun to represent narratives as drivers of system dynamics; making narratives visible can reveal opportunities for more sustainable governance. We present the results of the project "The Dynamics of Multi-Scalar Adaptation in the Megalopolis", a dynamic, exploratory model of socio-hydrological risks in Mexico City that was designed to both endogenize and simultaneously challenge the dominant narratives that characterize water-risk governance in the city. Qualitative data characterize dominant narratives at city and borough scales. An agent-based model, informed by multicriteria decision analysis and coupled with hydrological, urbanization, and climatic model inputs, permitted the development of exploratory governance scenarios designed to challenge dominant narratives. Scenarios revealed how dominant narratives may contribute to the persistence of vulnerability "hotspots" in the city, despite stated goals of equity and vulnerability alleviation. Participatory workshops with representatives of the city government illustrate how making such narratives visible through exploratory modeling can lead to a questioning of prior assumptions and causal relations, recognition of a need for intersectoral collaboration, and insights into potential management strategies.

Survey Of Sports And Health Physical Education Facilities And Infrastructure

The purpose of this study was to determine the availability of sports and health education facilities and infrastructure at MTs. Miftahul Ulum Timbuan. This type of research is a survey with descriptive quantitative research methods, the population in this study is MTs. Miftahul Ulum Timbuan. Based on the data analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that there are inadequate facilities and infrastructure for sports and health education at MTs. Miftahul Ulum Timbuan, namely basketball equipment in very poor category with a percentage of 16.67%, and gymnastics equipment in the poor category. once with a percentage of 12.5%, while for adequate facilities, namely volleyball equipment in the medium category with a percentage of 50%, football equipment in the good category with a percentage of 66.67%, athletic equipment in the very good category with a percentage of 100%. For existing infrastructure at MTs. Miftahul Ulum Timbuan, there are volleyball courts, takraw courts, and table tennis courts.

Fortifying Industry 4.0: Internet of Things Security in Cloud Manufacturing through Artificial Intelligence and Provenance Blockchain—A Thematic Literature Review

Cloud manufacturing allows multiple manufacturers to contribute their manufacturing facilities and assets for monitoring, operating, and controlling common processes of manufacturing and services controlled through cloud computing. The modern framework is driven by the seamless integration of technologies evolved under Industry 4.0. The entire digitalized manufacturing systems operate through the Internet, and hence, cybersecurity threats have become a problem area for manufacturing companies. The impacts can be very serious because cyber-attacks can penetrate operations carried out in the physical infrastructure, causing explosions, crashes, collisions, and other incidents. This research is a thematic literature review of the deterrence to such attacks by protecting IoT devices by employing provenance blockchain and artificial intelligence. The literature review was conducted on four themes: cloud manufacturing design, cybersecurity risks to the IoT, provenance blockchains for IoT security, and artificial intelligence for IoT security. These four themes of the literature review were critically analyzed to visualize a framework in which provenance blockchain and artificial intelligence can be integrated to offer a more effective solution for protecting IoT devices used in cloud manufacturing from cybersecurity threats. The findings of this study can provide an informative framework.

Transforming Population Administration Services in Indonesia for Enhanced Excellence

General Background: The quality of public services, particularly in population administration, is crucial for effective governance and community satisfaction. Specific Background: This research investigates the quality of Population Administration Services using the Plavon Dukcapil Application in Dukuhsari Village, Jabon Sub-district, Sidoarjo Regency, highlighting the importance of technology in enhancing administrative efficiency. Knowledge Gap: Despite the implementation of digital solutions like Dukcapil Plavon, there is limited understanding of how these applications affect service quality from the perspective of both government officials and the community. Aims: This study employs a descriptive qualitative method, utilizing observation and interviews to analyze service quality based on five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Results: Findings reveal that the Dukuhsari Village government has established adequate physical infrastructure and consistently meets residents' needs through timely and polite services. The village employees demonstrate responsiveness by providing clear information regarding service processes, while empathy is evident in their attentive approach to residents’ administrative needs. The study indicates that, although services are generally satisfactory, there is room for improvement in ensuring that all staff members are consistently trained in using the Plavon Dukcapil Application. Novelty: This research contributes to the existing literature by examining the interplay between digital applications and service quality in local governance, offering empirical insights into the effectiveness of the Dukcapil Plavon system. Implications: The study underscores the necessity for ongoing training and support for village officials to enhance service delivery further and ensure equitable access to population administration services for all residents. Highlights: Infrastructure: Adequate facilities support effective population administration services. Responsiveness: Timely information provided to residents about administrative processes. Empathy: Caring staff ensure equitable service delivery without discrimination. Keywords: Population Administration, Dukcapil Plavon, Service Quality, Qualitative Research, Local Governance

Climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process in Tanzania

Climate change vulnerability assessment is an essential tool for identifying regions that are most susceptible to the impacts of climate change and designing effective adaptation actions that can reduce vulnerability and enhance long-term resilience of these regions. This study explored a framework for climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process in Jangwani Ward, Tanzania. Specifically, taking flood as an example, this study highlighted the steps and methods for climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process. In the study area, 95 households were selected and interviewed through purposeful sampling. Additionally, 10 respondents (4 females and 6 males) were interviewed for Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and 3 respondents (1 female and 2 males) were selected for Key Informant Interviews (KII) at the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development. This study indicated that climate change vulnerability assessment framework involves the assessment of climatic hazards, risk elements, and adaptive capacity, and the determination of vulnerability levels. The average hazard risk rating of flood was 2.3. Socioeconomic and livelihood activities and physical infrastructures both had the average risk element rating of 3.0, and ecosystems had the average risk element rating of 2.9. Adaptive capacity ratings of knowledge, technology, economy or finance, and institution were 1.6, 1.9, 1.4, and 2.2, respectively. The vulnerability levels of socioeconomic and livelihood activities and physical infrastructure were very high (4.0). Ecosystems had a high vulnerability level (3.8) to flood. The very high vulnerability level of socioeconomic and livelihood activities was driven by high exposure and sensitivity to risk elements and low adaptive capacity. The study recommends adoption of the new urban planning process including preparation, planning, implementation, and monitoring-evaluation-review phases that integrates climate change vulnerability assessment in all phases.

Impact of Natural, Physical and Human Capital Formation on Economic Growth in Pakistan: An ARDL Analysis

Attaining sustained economic growth is one of the key objectives of any country to improve the well-being of its people and strengthen its economic position in the world. Capital formation is one of the crucial factors of economic growth as it promotes productivity, efficiency, and higher output growth. Therefore, this paper intends to analyze the impact of natural, physical, and human capital formation on economic growth in Pakistan by employing annual time series data from 1971 to 2020. Different econometric approaches such as unit root test, bound test, and ARDL model are utilized to estimate the results. The study found that labor force participation rate, physical capital, human capital, natural capital, FDI, and financial development are positively associated with economic growth in Pakistan. Instead of FDI, all the variables are found to be significantly related to economic growth in Pakistan. Considering the study’s findings, it is concluded that capital formation is essential to progress the economy of Pakistan, so policymakers must concentrate on investing in physical infrastructure, improvement in health and educational facilities, and efficient utilization of natural resources to promote economic growth.