Profiles of 24-h movement behaviors and physical fitness among preschool children: a latent profile analysis.

Early-life determinants of middle-age cardiovascular health are poorly understood. This study examines associations of BMI and physical fitness in male adolescents with cardiovascular health measured by the Life's Essential 8 score in middle age. A population-based cohort study linked BMI and physical fitness from the Swedish Military Conscription Register (men conscripted from 1972 to 1987) to cardiovascular health from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (2013-2018). In 2025, a total of 8,930 men (mean age, 18.3 years) were analyzed after 38.2 years of follow-up. Physical fitness included cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal cycle-ergometer test) and muscular strength (isometric dynamometry of knee extension, elbow flexion, and handgrip). Cardiovascular health was evaluated using the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 score (0-100 points; poor health: <60). Associations were assessed using linear and binomial logistic regressions and restricted cubic splines. BMI and cardiorespiratory fitness exhibited J-shaped and linear associations, respectively, with cardiovascular health. Compared with normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), AORs of having poor cardiovascular health for overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were 2.42 (95% CI=2.00, 2.92) and 5.38 (95% CI=2.99, 9.70). No statistically significant associations were observed between muscular strength and cardiovascular health. Obesity and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in male adolescents were associated with lower cardiovascular health in middle age, after nearly 4 decades of follow-up. Although further studies are needed, the promotion of a healthy body weight and cardiorespiratory fitness in youth may be of importance for later cardiovascular health.

People with Epilepsy exhibit low levels of physical activity compared with the general population, despite evidence suggesting potential benefits for seizure control, physical fitness and psychosocial well-being. Persistent barriers such as fear of seizures, limited access to supervised programs, transportation difficulties, and time constraints contribute to sedentary behaviour. Telecoaching (TC), which delivers structured exercise programs through digital technologies, may help overcome these barriers. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the feasibility and potential effects of TC-based training physical activity interventions in individuals with epilepsy, focusing on adherence, QoL, physical fitness and psychological outcomes. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus identified 1086 records, of which 7 studies involving 342 participants met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included remotely delivered aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and combined exercise programs. Study quality ranged from "fair" to "good". TC-based interventions were generally safe and feasible, with no major adverse events reported. Evidence suggest potential benefits for physical fitness and psychosocial outcomes, particularly in paediatric populations, although the limited number and heterogeneity of studies preclude definitive conclusions, especially regarding seizure-related outcomes. Future research should focus on standardized TC programs, long-term follow-up, and adequately powered randomized trials to confirm effectiveness and sustainability.

Physical fitness and autistic traits: Associations and characteristics in boys and girls during adolescence

Aerobic and anaerobic competence in preterm born children at the age of 10-14years.

Spatial memory tasks in aged animals: Overcoming methodological challenges.

Physical activity is part of the treatment for several mental diseases, including anxiety disorders. However, it is not known whether individuals with higher levels of physical fitness experience lower levels of anxiety or stressful emotions. It is also unknown whether those individuals can better control their emotions in stressful situations. The aim of this study was to examine whether high cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with lower trait levels of anger and anxiety, and whether individuals with different fitness levels show distinct emotional responses to unpleasant visual stimuli. On separate days, 40 healthy young participants completed two sessions. Trait anxiety and anger were assessed during the first session to characterize the participants. The participants self-reported their exercise practice to predict cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The participants' anger/anxiety levels were assessed before and after exposure to a 69-picture set of unpleasant or neutral pictures for 30min. Multiple regression analysis showed that maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) (β=-0.241, t=-3.173, 95% confidence interval CI [-0.395; -0.087], p=0.003) and anger-out (β=0.333, t=2.124, 95%CI [0.015; 0.651], p=0.040) were predictors of changes in anger-state in the unpleasant picture presentation. Individuals with a V̇O2max below average (BA) had a 775% greater risk for changing their classification from intermediate to high anxiety levels compared to above average (AA) individuals (OR=8.754, 95%CI [1.202; 63.759]). V̇O2max was a predictor of trait anxiety (β=-0.456, t=-3.485, 95%CI [-0.721; -0.191]; p=0.001). CRF is associated with lower levels of trait anxiety and higher resilience in situations of emotional stress.

This paper analyses the importance of physical fitness of uniformed services officers as a key factor that influences security both in a practical context and in terms of praxeology and ethics. It presents an interdisciplinary view of physical fitness as a basis for effective and professional actions by the officers. It also discusses the importance of physical fitness in fostering ethical attitudes, team cooperation and execution of tasks arising from official duties. The paper draws on the results of a survey carried out among uniformed services officers.

A machine learning framework for personalized exercise prescription based on BMI and physical fitness assessment.

Occupational injuries among firefighters significantly impact their job performance. To reduce these injuries and enhance their professional capabilities, this study investigates and comprehensively evaluates the factors contributing to occupational injuries among frontline firefighters in China. It analyzes the underlying mechanisms of these injuries and proposes preventive strategies. This study employed questionnaire surveys and factor analysis methods to conduct a comprehensive investigation and comprehensive assessment of occupational injuries and their influencing factors among 200 firefighters in China. The research subjects were randomly selected from the grassroots firefighters in cities of FuJian Province. Among them, 179 firefighters successfully completed the questionnaire survey. Through exploratory factor analysis, the key factors influencing firefighters' injuries were identified. The injury rate among the participating firefighters in 2023 was 40.78%. The highest injury rate was observed during daily training (58.52%). Notably, the injury rate tends to decrease with increasing age. The most common types of injuries were sprains and strains (57.10%), with the knee joint exhibiting the highest incidence of injury among all body parts (47.00%). The primary factors influencing occupational injuries among firefighters include training factors, support factors, educational factors, and mental health factors, which collectively account for a variance contribution rate of 79.56%. Training, support, educational, and mental health factors are the 4 primary influences on firefighters' occupational injuries. The administrative department should strengthen the study and practice of physical fitness theory for firefighters, prioritize the prevention of occupational training injuries, enhance the scientific rigor of training programs, and promote the occupational health of firefighters. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2026;77(1):1-10.

Dengue is one of the most significant vector-borne diseases and is gradually becoming a global burden. The present study focused on the effect of the time of day and delayed blood feeding on the reproductive behavior of Aedes aegypti , since knowledge on such behavioural facts is still unclear. The study was conducted using a series of in-lab experiments conducted using female mosquitoes from a well-established mosquito colony maintained in the insectary. Mated female mosquitoes were blood-fed using four different time intervals. They were experimentally tested for the effects of the time of day of blood feeding and for delayed blood feeding on clutch size, egg viability, pupal duration, pupal mortality, and adult longevity of Ae. aegypti . The time of day of Ae. aegypti blood feeding significantly influences the eggs clutch size of Ae. aegypti . The lowest egg production observed in mosquitoes feeding between 10.00 and 12.00 hours and the feeding blood in the early morning (6.00 - 8.00 am) show much higher clutch sizes than all other groups. The blood feeding during 6.00 - 8.00 a.m. and 10.00 - 12.00 a.m. had a strong positive correlation with clutch sizes of Ae. aegypti . The blood meal's quality and related nutritional components have an impact on the longevity and general fitness of the progeny of Ae. aegypti . The clutch sizes depend on the age of Ae. aegypti . The delayed blood feeding does not affect the life story parameters of Ae. aegypti . Findings highlight the resilience of Ae. aegypti to variations in maternal blood-feeding patterns in shaping mosquito development, and this knowledge provides valuable insights for improving efficient and targeted approaches to controlling the dengue vector, Ae. aegypti .

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the moderating mediating role of adolescent gender and the mediating effect of physical fitness on screen time and executive function. Conducted from September to December 2024, the study recruited 3639 adolescents from six cities – Yantai, Changzhi, Jishou, Xianyang, Kunming, and Changchun – representing China’s six major administrative regions. Screen time was assessed using the Physical Activity Level Evaluation for Children and Adolescents Aged 7–18Years. Physical fitness was evaluated via a fitness index calculated from seven physical fitness test indicators. Executive function was measured using a task-prompted paradigm. Physical fitness index mediated the relationship between screen time and working memory reaction times (1-back, 2-back). In the 1-back task, the indirect effect size was 3.281, accounting for 14.58% of the total effect. The indirect effect in the 2-back task was 1.190, accounting for 7.54% of the total effect. Additionally, gender moderated the relationship between adolescent screen time and 1-back task reaction time. and the relationship between adolescent screen time and reaction time on the 2-back task without gender moderation. Physical fitness index partially mediates the relationship between screen time and working memory in adolescents, and gender moderates the association between physical fitness index and 1-back reaction time.

Is physical fitness associated with brain structure and function in Parkinson's disease?

Effectiveness of elastic resistance training in frail older adults on muscle strength and functionality levels: A systematic review.

Introduction : No previous Tunisian or North African study, till September 2025, haveevaluated the value and necessity of an exercise-training program (ETP) as crucial therapeutic strategies for patients with stable coronary artery disorders. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an ETP on exercise data determined during the 6-min walk test (6MWT) and treadmill stress test in patients with stable angina. Methods :This prospective experimental pilot study was carried out at Farhat Hached cardiology, and physiology and functional explorations departments (Sousse, Tunisia). Eleven males who had stable angina for longer than three months were included in the study. The Karvonen formula was used to establish the intensity of the ETP, which included 24 sessions of combined endurance and resistance training (three sessions per week for eight weeks). Physical fitness data determined during the 6MWT and treadmill stress test were evaluated pre- and post- ETP. Results : When comparing pre- and post-ETP assessments, there were significant changes in i)6-min walk distance (+ 61m), resting heart rate (-9 bpm), and end walk systolic blood pressure (+ 4.25 mmHg) determined during the 6MWT, and ii) maximal heart rate (+9 bpm), speed (+ 1.41 km/h), elevation of the treadmill slope (+ 2.25%), and bearing (+ 0.91) determined during the treadmill stress test. Conclusion : Patients with stable angina were able to exercise more effectively thanks to ETP.

Unified Sports within Special Olympics aims to promote inclusion, where athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities train and compete together with partners who do not have a disability. However, little is known about the health-related physical fitness (HrPF) of these athletes and partners. The primary objective of this study was to describe the HrPF of participants in the 2022 Unified Cup. Measures of HrPF were collected during Healthy Athletes Screenings from 201 soccer players, including 106 athletes and 95 partners. Notable differences were observed between athletes and partners in calf flexibility, timed sit-to-stand, and partial sit-up measures of HrPF (p < .001). In addition, hamstring flexibility and seated push-up showed notable differences between genders (p < .001). This study adds to the literature by utilizing the Healthy Athletes Screenings database. Results should be considered by coaches and programmers when working with Unified athletes in competitive settings.

Physical literacy (PL) is globally recognized as a foundational determinant of health status in children, but the effects of interventions based on PL were rarely studied in preadolescent children. The aim of this quasi-experimental, school-based study was to evaluate the potential effects of a PL intervention delivered during regular school hours on physical fitness (PF), physical literacy (PL), and physical activity (PA) in children aged 9 to 11 years from southern Croatia. Participants were 125 preadolescents (57 girls), and were grouped into a control group (C = 70), and an experimental group (E, n = 55). The E group participated in a specific PL-focused education, integrated into regular physical education (PE) lessons as a 5-6 min substitute for standard PE content, over 12 weeks (36 PE classes in total). The C group participated in the standard PE curriculum. A pre-post-retention design was used, and the observed variables included anthropometrics (height, weight, BMI), PF (jumping power, abdominal strength, upper body strength, flexibility, mobility, and cardiovascular endurance), PL (evaluated by the PLAYself questionnaire), and indirectly measured PA (estimated via the PAQ-C questionnaire). Multivariate (MANOVA and univariate (ANOVA) analyses of variance for repeated measurements were used with time, gender, and group as the main effects, including their interactions. MANOVA calculated for a set of PF variables revealed significant main effects for time (F = 1361, p < 0.001) and a significant time × group interaction (F = 2.98, p < 0.05). Univariate ANOVA indicated specific intervention effects for jumping power and abdominal strength, favoring the E group. No significant differential effects were observed for PL or PA. The study demonstrated small, but statistically significant, improvements in PF indicators among children exposed to the PL-based intervention. Notably, the intervention was conducted in authentic school settings using standard resources, supporting the ecological validity and real-world applicability of the findings.

Study Purpose. This study aimed to describe the physical activity levels of nine residents at the Rumah Damai Drug Rehabilitation Center in Semarang who participated in a community engagement based structured exercise program. Materials and Methods. A descriptive quantitative design was employed. Physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Data included walking, moderate, and vigorous activities expressed in MET-minutes per week and categorized into low, moderate, and high activity levels. Results. All nine residents (100%) were categorized as having low physical activity levels, with no participants reaching moderate or high categories. The recorded MET-minutes per week were below the recommended threshold for moderate physical activity. These findings indicate that the participants’ overall physical activity levels were limited during the assessment period. Conclusion. The results provide baseline data on the physical activity levels of rehabilitation residents. The findings may inform the development and implementation of structured physical activity programs within rehabilitation settings to support residents’ physical fitness and overall well being.

BackgroundAdolescence is a crucial phase for the development of cognitive abilities linked to academic performance. Factors such as physical activity (PA) and fitness have been hypothesized to be linked to these outcomes, although the evidence is inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the associations between PA, fitness, academic, and cognitive performance in the same sample of adolescents.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 1139 Swedish adolescents (mean age 13.4 years) participated. We assessed PA (accelerometry), cardiovascular fitness (submaximal ergometer test), cognitive performance (computer-based test assessing episodic and working memory with 3 tests per domain), and academic performance (grades in math and language, Swedish). We utilized multilevel mixed models to explore associations and structural equation modeling to perform mediation analyses.ResultsWe found a weak positive association between cardiovascular fitness and math grades (b: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.26 β: 0.18), language grades (b: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.25 β: 0.13), and cognitive performance (b: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.02 β: 0.11). Further, cognitive performance scores mediated 40% of the associations between fitness and math, and language grades. Adolescents with parents with short education (≤12 years of education) or foreign-born had lower fitness levels and grades in math and language (all p < 0.05).ConclusionFitness was the only significant factor associated with cognitive and academic performance, although the association was weak. Given our findings of low fitness and academic performance among adolescents with parents with short education or parents born abroad, future studies should tailor their interventions to ensure the inclusion of these groups.

Introduction: There are divergences about the effects of obesity on plasma concentrations of interleukin-7 (IL-7) and the role of physical exercise as a metabolic regulator of this cytokine. Objective: To compare the plasma concentrations of IL-7 between obese and normal weight individuals, in addition to evaluating the effects of combined training (CT) on concentrations of this cytokine in obese individuals. Methods: Initially, obese group (OG, n = 15) and normal weight group (NWG, n = 8) were compared. Subsequently, the obese individuals participated in a pre-post 16-week experimental period and were randomly distributed into obese CT group (OT, n = 8) and obese control group (OC, n = 7). Physical fitness, body composition, and IL-7 concentrations evaluations were performed. The CT program consisted of strength training and aerobic training in the same session. Results: A significant increase of IL-7 was observed in the OG (27.14 ± 3.64 pg/mL) compared to the NWG (21.26 ± 3.93 pg/mL) (p = 0.01). Although no significant group x time interaction was found, a time effect was observed in the pre-post experimental period on IL-7 concentrations (OC: 18.8%, ES: 1.68; OT: 28.5%, ES: 5.15). In the assessment of the effect size, a greater reduction in OT was observed. Moreover, reductions in weight, body mass index and fat mass were observed in the OT group when compared to CG, accompanied by significant increases in 1 maximum repetition test in the Leg Press and Bench Press, and maximum oxygen consumption. Conclusion: Obese individuals have higher circulating concentrations of IL-7, which suggest that elevated body weight and fat are associated with an increase in this cytokine. Although the effect size for IL-7 was larger in the OT group, probabilistic statistics did not show a significant effect.