Physical Facilities Research Articles

How does group availability affect distributional equity of outdoor physical activity facilities? Evidence from Nanjing, China

ABSTRACT Most studies have measured the distributional equity of outdoor physical activity facilities (OPAFs) considering the unified accessible quantity and ignored the disparity of group availability. This study adopts a multidimensional approach to measure the distributional equity of OPAFs from the levels of city and residential units. Considering the old city of Nanjing as a sample, we first categorised the existing OPAFs into equipped sites, multifunctional sites, and trails and quantified the size and composition of three age groups in each residential unit. Second, we modularised OPAFs’ services through which each service type corresponds to one physical activity (PA) module and identified each module’s available groups. Third, we adopted accessibility, diversity, and supply-demand structure consistency (SDSC) to measure the distributional equity of OPAFs at two levels. The results showed that at the city level, the gap in the diversity of the modules between Group C (60 years old and above) and Groups A (15–59 years old) and B (60 years old and above) was more significant than that of accessible quantity, while the mean SDSC for Group C was much higher than those for Groups A and B. At the unit level, the differences in OPAFs’ group availability generated more significant differences in distributing diversity and SDSC than in the distribution of accessibility. Compared to traditional assessments, this tool integrates the disparity of OPAFs’ availability among different groups into the equity measurement, which can enhance the analytical precision and granularity and provide tailored OPAF optimisation strategies.

Nexus between Menstrual Hygiene Management Facilities and Primary School Girls’ Class Attendance in Uganda

Inadequate Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) facilities has remained a daunting reality in majority of schools in low-income countries. In this study, the authors examined the availability of physical facilities for menstrual hygiene management, class attendance of girls from P.4 to P.7 and the relationship between the physical menstrual hygiene management facilities and class attendance of girls in primary schools. The paper was constructed from secondary datasets from the Eighth Uwezo Learning Assessment. A total of 954 schools were enlisted for the study. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and spearman rank correlation. Based on the findings, the study argues that promotion of girl child education through provision of WASH facilities unveiled both challenges and successful stories. While private rooms and functional hand washing facilities were limited in numbers, and in some cases not available at all, separate latrine stances were largely available. There were remarkable differences in the average girls’ attendance across regions and classes. Due to diverse relationships between menstrual hygiene facilities and class attendance, the study concludes that enhanced WASH facilities promote girls’ attendance while inadequate facilities hinder the attendance. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education and Sports should prioritize provision of adequate WASH facilities in primary schools. In addition, the government should ensure that interventions from development and/or education partners maximize the provision of quality WASH facilities for enhanced girls’ school attendance.

Neighborhood physical activity facilities predict risk of incident mixed and vascular dementia: The Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study.

Neighborhood environments may promote neurocognitive health in part by providing amenities that encourage physical activity. We examined associations between quantity of walkable facilities, including specifically physical activity facilities (e.g., gyms, recreation centers), with risk of incident dementia. Participants included 2923 adults ≥ 65 years old from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study (1992-1999), with clinically adjudicated dementia classified over a median 6.0 years of follow-up. Walkable facilities were measured within 1 km (Euclidean) of home. Self-reported baseline physical activity was considered a moderator. In adjusted Cox models, participants with ≥ 2 (vs. 0) physical activity facilities had reduced risk of mixed/vascular dementia, but not Alzheimer's disease, particularly after excluding individuals in the bottom 20th percentile of physical activity (hazard ratio=0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.35-0.89). Neighborhood amenities that encourage physical activity may mitigate dementia risk via improved vascular health, especially for individuals with sufficient baseline mobility to use these resources. We examined associations between nearby walkable facilities and incident dementia. Facilities within 1 km were counted via the National Establishment Time Series Database. More physical activity facilities predicted lower risk of mixed/vascular dementia. No associations were found between walkable facilities and incident Alzheimer's disease.

Overview of High-Performance Timing and Position-Sensitive MCP Detectors Utilizing Secondary Electron Emission for Mass Measurements of Exotic Nuclei at Nuclear Physics Facilities.

Timing and/or position-sensitive MCP detectors, which detect secondary electrons (SEs) emitted from a conversion foil during ion passage, are widely utilized in nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics experiments. This review covers high-performance timing and/or position-sensitive MCP detectors that use SE emission for mass measurements of exotic nuclei at nuclear physics facilities, along with their applications in new measurement schemes. The design, principles, performance, and applications of these detectors with different arrangements of electromagnetic fields are summarized. To achieve high precision and accuracy in mass measurements of exotic nuclei using time-of-flight (TOF) and/or position (imaging) measurement methods, such as high-resolution beam-line magnetic-rigidity time-of-flight (Bρ-TOF) and in-ring isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS), foil-MCP detectors with high position and timing resolution have been introduced and simulated. Beyond TOF mass measurements, these new detector systems are also described for use in heavy ion beam trajectory monitoring and momentum measurements for both beam-line and in-ring applications. Additionally, the use of position-sensitive timing foil-MCP detectors for Penning trap mass spectrometers and multi-reflection time-of-flight (MR-TOF) mass spectrometers is proposed and discussed to improve efficiency and enhance precision.

Abstract 4137770: Development of a User-Friendly Self-Screening Tool for Assessing Metabolic Syndrome Risk in young adults from economically challenged regions

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Early identification and management are crucial, particularly in economically challenged regions where access to healthcare may be limited. Research Questions/Hypothesis: User-friendly self-report data accurately predict metabolic outcomes. Aims: To develop and validate nomograms for individualized estimation of metabolic syndrome risk. Methods: Data from 521 college students (60.1% aged 17-20 years; 68.7% female; 28.0% white) were collected in 2022/2023 from two Brazilian cities. These cities are located in the country's poorest states, with Gini indices of 0.56 and 0.43. The potential predictors include demographic and economic variables, school-related factors, behaviors, and body weight. Based on predictors for abdominal obesity identified through multilevel logistic regression, we created a nomogram model. We performed the Hosmer-Lemeshow test to assess model calibration and used a bootstrapping approach (B = 150) for internal validation. To evaluate external validity, we assessed metabolic syndrome in a subset of 375 students. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), with a threshold of 0.70, was used to evaluate the model's discrimination accuracy. Results: We identified 114 (23.0%) college students who were abdominally obese. We found ten variables associated with the primary outcome: age, biological sex, physical education facilities, enrollment in sports competition (during elementary school); grade retention, preferred subject, physical education classes per week; enrollment in sports training (during secondary school); adherence of 24-hour movement behaviors and body weight. The proposed nomogram showed acceptable performance in the AUROC (0.94 [95% CI: 0.92-0.96). The calibration assessment indicated reasonable consistency of our model (p > 0.05). In the internal validation, we observed a decreased predictive capability (AUROC = 0.86). Conclusion: The 24h-MESYN risk score offers an effective self-screening tool for college students from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds in economically challenged regions to assess their risk of developing metabolic syndrome.

Evaluation of Medical College Learning Environment: A students' Perception of University College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Lahore

Background: The educational setting in medical schools influences education quality and student satisfaction. Knowing students' views on learning environment is crucial as more enroll in private medical colleges. This study assesses the learning environment of University College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Lahore, through students' perspectives using the John Hopkins Learning Environment Scale. The aim is to identify areas for enhancement and improve the educational experience.Objective: The objective of current study was to assess the perception of medical and dental undergraduate students about their learning environment at Medical and Dental College of University of Lahore.Materials and Methods: This analytical Cross-sectional study was conducted in University College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Lahore. The Study was conducted from 12 April 2022 to 22 October 2022. Sample of the study was 214 medical and dental students. Data was collected using Johns Hopkins Learning Environment Scale (JHLES). Independent sample t test was used to explore the difference of MBBS and BDS students' perception about learning environment.Results: A significant difference was found between the perception of medical and dental students in terms learning environment (t=2.45, P=.015). Perception of medical students about the learning environment of was more positive (92.57±10.03) as compared to dental students (89.22±9.97).Conclusion: Medical students of University College of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Lahore perceived learning environment more positive as compared to dental students. This is due to the better quality of physical space and facilities available for medical students compared to dental students.Keywords: Community of peers, Dental students, Johns Hopkins Learning Environment Scale (JHLES), Medical students, Physical space,

Learners Progressive Insight and Scholastic Triumphs Enhanced by School Facilities

The availability of basic facilities in institutes impact academic performance of students in all domains. Governments and societies around the globe strive to improve their educational systems so youth may avail the opportunity of reaching institutes to acquire the knowledge and skills, leading a healthy and constructive vivacity. Key inputs to the education system, such as curricula, trained teachers, sufficient institutional facilities and infrastructure, help to improve the quality of education. Present study emphasizes the impact measurement and evaluation of primary facilities in schools and their role in enhancing student educational growth and learning. The accessible population was selected based on research interest, centered on the non-probability convenience sampling. A total of eighteen key facilities were targeted and response analysis of participants was evaluated based on the hypothesis regarding impact of school facilities on student progress. Findings of present study conclude that educational achievements are negatively impacted by inadequate level of physical facilities and nonconductive learning atmosphere. Results highlighted critical interpretations where sufficient school infrastructure and strong child-parent interaction enhance progressive insight among students. These findings are evident as continuous improvement of school facilities build a foundation of institutional priming, optimizing learners overall growth and scholiastic triumphs.

Physical Facility Availability and Students’ Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Trans Nzoia East Sub-County, Kenya

Education is essential for individual growth and national progress, but its success largely depends on the institutions that sustain it. Identifying how these institutional factors contribute to or hinder academic success is vital for overcoming challenges in the education sector and promoting academic achievement. This study seeks to examine how physical facility availability influences academic performance of learners in public secondary schools in Trans Nzoia East Sub-county, Kenya. The study set out to ascertain the following effects: the influence of science laboratories and computer laboratories in the academic performance of students in public secondary schools in Kenya's Trans Nzoia East Sub-County; assess the influence of library resources on the academic performance of students in public secondary schools in Kenya's Trans Nzoia East Sub-County; to evaluate the effects of dormitories on the academic performance of students in public secondary schools in Kenya's Trans Nzoia East Sub-County; and the impact of sanitation facilities and open fields on the academic performance of students in public secondary schools in Kenya's Trans Nzoia East Sub-County. Based on the principle of the Education Production Function, the study was conducted utilized a mixed-methods, descriptive approach. The research targeted a population of 4574 persons consisting of 73 principals, 1,280 serving instructors and 3221 senior students in government secondary institutions. Participants were selected using random sampling to appoint the sample of principals, teachers and students. A sample of 354 individuals were identified using the Krejcie & Morgan table (1970) of choosing the appropriate number of sample. The sample consisted of 6 principals, 99 serving teachers and 249 form four students. To collect data, the study used interviews, questionnaires, document analysis and observation. The instruments were piloted in three public secondary schools in Trans Nzoia West region. Validity testing was done by the researcher being assisted by professionals who expertise in various aspects of validy. In reliability, test-retest method was administered and determined by the Cronbach alpha coefficient of a 0.7 threshold. . The analysis of quantitative data employed descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, with the aid of SPSS version 26 while qualitative data were categorized into themes corresponding to the study’s key objectives. The key findings indicated a statistically significant association between physical facilities and the academic performance of students. A Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship(0.968)between the availability of physical facilities and students’ academic performance indicating that students in schools with better facilities achieved higher scores academically. These results confirm that the presence of adequate physical facilities support better learning condition and hence improve students outcomes. It is recommended that educational policymakers invest in enhancing physical facilities to improve academic outcomes for students in public secondary schools.

Developing a safety and health practices in building model of physical environment, facility management, and worker perception: Structural equation modeling approach

BackgroundFacility management is essential in modern office settings, as it helps to ensure the safety and health of employees. Issues related to facility management weaknesses, such as facility damage, structural issues, ventilation problems, and more, are subjects of ongoing concern. Therefore, safety and health practices are important aspects of facility management to ensure that the office is always safe and healthy for employees. Objectives: This research aims to address these concerns by developing a comprehensive model for safety and health practices in building, focusing on the physical environment, facility management, and worker perception. Methods: Data was gathered through random survey questionnaires distributed to government offices within the federal territory of Putrajaya, Malaysia. The survey covered 156 measurement items across 18 parameters, encompassing three dimensions: facility management, the physical environment, and office workers' perceptions. A total of 562 valid responses were collected. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which integrates path analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), through the IBM SPSS-AMOS software. Results: The results of this research indicate that the analysis of the model's goodness of fit proves that all variables within the model, whether independent or dependent are fitted and can be adapted. Consequently, the safety and health practices in building model was successfully developed. Conclusion: This model offers a valuable tool for facility management organizations, enabling them to systematically assess and maintain safe and healthy workplace conditions. It signifies a significant step forward in ensuring employee well-being in office buildings.

Development of a high-voltage power supply with ultra-low ripple of beam current on electron beam gun.

Electron beam guns with grid-controlled electrodes and hot-cathodes are widely used in accelerator physics facilities, high-voltage electron beam welding machines, electron beam 3D additive manufacturing, x-ray sources, etc. The ripple of electron beam current is one of the most critical factors affecting beam quality, and the electron beam current ripple is generally more than 2% with traditional circuit topology. This paper presents the expression for beam current, high voltage, and bias voltage derived from experimental data on a certain electron beam gun. Furthermore, the main causes of affecting beam current ripple are analyzed, and a novel circuit topology is proposed. According to the ISO14744, Welding-Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines, a Faraday cup is used to collect the beam from the electron beam gun. In this paper, the ripple of the beam current of the electron gun driven by the traditional and proposed circuits is tested, respectively. The experimental results show that the ripple of beam current of the novel circuit topology can be achieved to within ±0.18% when the voltage is 150kV and the beam current is 33 mA, lower than 10 percent of that of the traditional power supply. The stability of beam current is better than 5 μA at 150kV and 3.3 mA.

Impact of School-Based Feeding Program on Pupils Reading Performance in San Gabriel Elementary School

This study examines the impact of a school feeding program on the reading skills of Grade IV pupils. The research hypothesizes that a well-structured and effectively implemented feeding program can enhance pupils' reading performance. Specifically, the study aims to determine how the school feeding program influences the reading performance of Grade IV pupils at San Gabriel Elementary School during the 2022-2023 school year. The study sougth to address several key questions: What is the socio-demographic profile of the pupils (age, sex, parents’ education, family income, and BMI)? What is the impact level of the school feeding program in terms of physical facilities, fund management, paraphernalia, and food preparation? What is the reading performance of the pupils? Is there a significant relationship between the pupils’ socio-demographic profile and the effectiveness of the school feeding program? Lastly, is there a significant relationship between the feeding program’s impact and reading performance? The research employs a descriptive-correlational design and involves 32 Grade IV pupils from San Gabriel Elementary School, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection instruments included a modified pupil profile survey and a school feeding program assessment, with responses measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Biserial Correlation, and Pearson r. Findings reveal that the pupils, all aged 9, consist of an equal number of boys and girls. Most parents had completed high school, and family incomes were typically below 9,000 pesos. Pupils generally had a normal BMI. The school feeding program was found to have an outstanding impact on both nutritional support and reading performance, with a significant correlation between program management and pupils' reading improvement. A significant relationship was also found between the socio-demographic profile and program effectiveness.

To Emerge or Not to Emerge? A Qualitative Inquiry on Basic Needs of Emerging Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose: This study explores the experiences of Turkish emerging adults during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic as regards their needs. Design/Methodology/Approach: In this context, 20 participants (10 males and 10 females) were recruited (March to April, 2020) using purposive snowball sampling in a phenomenological design. Data were collected via semi-structured online interviews and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings: We have explored several of the needs experienced by the participants (self-allocation, relational, physiological, career and physical). We also discovered some barriers (relational, physiological, educational, environmental, personal and financial) and facilitators (social support, technological support, physical facilities, educational support and personal traits) to address their needs. We finally asked what they do in order to fulfill their needs (behaviors for building relationships, behaviors for self-allocation, behaviors for career development, behaviors for physical health) Highlights: In light of the findings, It is important to design intervention studies regarding mental health problems that may arise due to emerging adults not being able to meet their needs during the Covid-19 period. In addition, it is recommended that steps be taken in line with the needs of emerging adults by taking into account the findings of this study in the face of possible situations that may be encountered similar to the Covid-19 period.

Empowering Futures: The Impact of Cultural, Social, and Economic Disparities on Girls' Education in Jhelum, Pakistan

Gender inequality poses a challenge to the educational participation of teenage-girls in Jhelum Pakistan. This paper seeks to examine the complex factors underpinning and the extensive effects of gender inequalities in education within this area. The present study details various causes of gender inequalities as analyzed from a qualitative content analysis of various works, which include economic factors, social-cultural beliefs and practices; early marriage, lack of awareness, physical facilities, and gender biases. This study finds that all these factors work together to exclude girls from education and maintain poverty and non-advancement of socio-economic status. Finally, the discussion highlights the need to establish various strategies to address gender inequality, such as; community sensitization, increasing the percentage of girls education, finances, establishing safe school structures, and favorable laws on gender. The solution to these recommendations would help Jhelum move towards the right direction for giving teenage-girls equal education opportunities and better community.

E-learning Supporting Infrastructure Investment in South Africa: Perspective of a Developing Economy

South Africa is one of the developing economies. Most of its provinces are in rural areas and have poor or lack of reliable critical infrastructure to enable development as in the case of urban areas. Infrastructure refers to physical structures that serve as the underlying foundation for the functioning of an economy. It includes physical facilities such as communication systems (telephone lines, broadband), and power supply systems (electrical grids, dams, etc.). The focus of the study is on information communication technological infrastructure (ICT) such as telephone and broadband networks and electricity infrastructure that support the adoption of e-learning. Many schools in South Africa are in rural areas and are attended by the majority of learners. These learners should perform the same way as learners in urban schools. Urban schools have better access to ICT infrastructure. Due to a lack of equitable ICT infrastructure, many education institutions back-tracked from the hybrid teaching mode implemented during the coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown to the traditional class/lecture-room mode of teaching. It is revealed in the study that South Africa struggles in the area of infrastructure development. These affect the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) which are heavily dependent on infrastructure, including education. E-learning offers a better advantage compared to traditional class/lecture-room-based education. ICT infrastructure that supports the provision of e-learning is not equitably distributed, and those that are available are not enough and reliable. South Africa is reported to need R4.8 trillion to achieve its critical infrastructure goals, indicating a dire need for infrastructure investment. Under-investment in infrastructure affects all sectors of the economy, including the education sector.

The Efficacy of Inclusive Education Practices in Zimbabwean Rural Schools: Challenges and Opportunities

Purpose. The purpose of this research is to assess the extent of implementation and the efficiency of inclusive education practices at a selected secondary school in Zimbabwe. Methodology. The study employed a qualitative research design; data was gathered through interviews, and observed responses, from 15 purposive-selected participating teachers, holding different teaching positions. Consequently, the study relied on social learning theory (SLT) to determine how the process of implementing and participatory education for all is in its local context. Results. The results show that although Zimbabwe has robust national legislation that protects the rights of students with disabilities to access inclusive education, the process is plagued by poor physical facilities, lack of appropriate training for teachers, and social prejudice towards people with disabilities. Some of the implementation differences that stood out included the areas of students with disabilities, policy, resources, and teachers. Accordingly, the study concludes that unless teachers in Zimbabwean secondary schools begin to practice inclusive education in a more focused manner, it is unlikely that many of the disabled students will be empowered to participate fully. Conclusions. Among the suggestions are improving physical and communication access to school buildings, and providing on-going staff training on integration, promoting cooperation among the various actors, and the development of sound assessment mechanisms. This study adds to the existing literature on the predictors of effective inclusive education in Zimbabwean secondary schools. It offers implications on how to foster the educational experiences of students with learning disabilities.

Application of Data Mining to Measure the Level of Satisfaction with Public Facilities and Services at STMIK Kaputama Binjai Using Linear Regression Method

This study aims to analyze the level of satisfaction of STMIK Kaputama Binjai students with physical facilities (classrooms, laboratories, prayer rooms, wifi) and general services (administration, academic guidance, library, security, campus cleanliness) using multiple linear regression methods. Data were collected through questionnaires from students in the 2022/2023 academic year. The results showed that both variables have a significant effect on student satisfaction, with a regression coefficient of physical facilities of 0.40 and general services of 0.59, indicating that general services have a greater impact. Prediction of student satisfaction reached an accuracy level of 98% with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value of 2%. Laboratory facilities and internet access (wifi) are the dominant factors affecting satisfaction. Based on these findings, improvements in both aspects are recommended to increase student satisfaction and institutional competitiveness.

The Ability of Physical Education Teachers in Implementing Learning at Elementary Schools in Southwest Aceh Regency

Physical education teachers are responsible for preparing quality Learning Implementation Plans and implementing effective learning processes so that learning objectives are achieved. A good Learning Implementation Plan will make it easier for teachers to implement structured and directed learning. Physical education teachers face challenges in implementing effective learning processes. The physical education learning process must actively involve students and train their motor skills. However, in practice, physical education teachers often face difficulties in managing classes and making students actively engaged in learning. The approach used by the author in this study was a mixed-method approach (combined method) with an explanatory sequential design type. The research sample comprised nine physical education teachers working in elementary schools throughout Aceh Barat Daya Regency. The data collection techniques used by the researcher were observation and interview techniques. 1) Physical education teachers' ability to implement learning in elementary schools in Aceh Barat Daya Regency obtained the "Good" category with an average score of 6.5. Teachers can display personality aspects that include indicators of being charming, authoritative, firm, full of calling, and alert. In learning activities, teachers can carry out activities to open lessons, master materials, determine learning steps (activities), evaluate the process and learning outcomes, and close learning well. 2) The obstacles felt by physical education teachers in implementing the learning process at Elementary Schools in Southwest Aceh Regency are related to the limited availability of physical education learning facilities and infrastructure at schools. This has an impact on the less-than-optimal implementation of learning and evaluation activities. In addition, the limited time in learning activities, especially to evaluate the learning process of each student as a whole, so that teachers choose a fast and simple evaluation method. 1) The ability of physical education teachers to implement learning in Elementary Schools in Aceh Barat Daya Regency obtained the "Good" category. Teachers can display personality aspects and implement learning well. 2) The obstacles felt by physical education teachers in implementing the learning process at SD Negeri Aceh Barat Daya Regency are related to the limited availability of physical education learning facilities and infrastructure at the school and limited time in learning activities, especially to evaluate the learning process of each student as a whole.

Analisis Indeks Kinerja Jaringan Saluran Irigasi Studi Kasus Irigasi Sungai Siulak Deras Kabupaten Kerinci

The Siulak Deras Irrigation canal network is the main source of water distribution in several areas. The Siulak Deras Irrigation Area in Kerinci Regency was built in 1993 with water flow regulation and complete Siulak Deras Irrigation network facilities including the Technical irrigation group. As time goes by, the service function of the irrigation network experiences a decline in performance, so that operation and maintenance of the irrigation network is an activity that is really needed to make the irrigation network remain optimal and maintain its performance. In this regard, an assessment of the Performance Index of the irrigation system in the Siulak Deras Irrigation Area needs to be carried out to determine the value of aspects or components that are not yet optimal in this irrigation area so that special treatment can be immediately carried out or improved. The assessment is carried out by starting an inventory of the condition and function of the physical infrastructure of the irrigation network, planting productivity results, supporting facilities, organization, documentation and institutional P3A to determine the performance value and recommendations for handling it. The results of the irrigation network system performance index in the Siulak Deras irrigation area for the Left Irrigation Channel section are 69.59%, which means that the irrigation system performance is close to good performance, namely 70%, but still needs to be improved and needs attention. With a physical infrastructure value of 29.32%, planting productivity 14.21%, supporting facilities 6.15%, personnel organization 10.94%, documentation 2.46%, and P3A institutions 6.50%. Based on the performance index value obtained, and the total performance score in the form of a percentage, it is necessary to specifically maintain and repair physical facilities and infrastructure at several points that are damaged, facilitate supporting facilities for OP officers so that officers can act quickly and precisely in carrying out activities, and paying more attention to P3A so that it can always contribute to maintaining and utilizing the Siulak Deras irrigation network properly and optimally in the future.

Enhancing the accreditation of Indonesian private universities through the integration of EduQual and accreditation standards of the BAN-PT

Higher education institutions in Indonesia are currently facing significant challenges in maintaining public trust, requiring them to uphold autonomy, transparency, accountability, and continuously meet standards for quality assurance and improvement. This research aims to identify and address the unmet quality aspects in education to elevate the accreditation of private universities from C/Good to B/Very Good or even A/Excellent. By integrating the EduQual model with certification requirements from the Board of National Accreditation for Higher Education (Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi, BAN-PT), the research is supported by comprehensive studies of university accreditation reports, questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGD), and expert judgment through interviews and consultations. The data analysis employs gap analysis, importance-performance analysis, and quality function deployment. The study identified twenty-one priority improvement points to enhance accreditation, with six key improvements prioritized from the ninety indicators examined based on customer needs analysis. In the accreditation of private universities, the unmet aspects of education quality lie in the dimension of physical facilities, particularly human resources, as well as in the dimension of personal development, especially in the criteria for research and community service. The study recommends prioritizing investments in human resource development and strengthening research and community service initiatives, as these are critical areas where private universities fall short in meeting accreditation standards and fulfilling educational quality expectations.

Physical modeling of organics-contaminated groundwater remediation by ozone micro-nano-bubbles enhanced oxidation

Ozone micro-nano-bubbles (MNBs) enhanced oxidation is a promising in-situ remediation technology for organics-contaminated groundwater. The transport behavior of MNBs and contaminant removal effect in actual groundwater scene is not yet comprehensively understood, although one-dimensional column experiments and batch tests were conducted to investigate the migration of MNBs and contaminant degradation in previous studies. Here, a novel two-dimensional (2D) physical modeling facility was developed, which can characterize the tempo-spatial distribution of MNBs and contaminant in groundwater. The facility was used to explore the migration of MNBs under different hydraulic gradients and the removal of methyl orange, a representative organic pollutant, using ozone MNBs. The experimental results show that groundwater flow velocity has a significant influence on the migration behavior of MNBs. A model including groundwater flow, MNBs transport, and dissolved gas transport can well capture the migration and distribution of MNBs under different hydraulic gradients. The longitudinal and transverse dispersivities of the MNBs were calculated to be 1.14 cm and 0.18 cm, respectively. MNBs are able to migrate with groundwater flow to long distances and exhibit strong dispersion in the lateral and longitudinal directions. The increase in hydraulic gradient greatly enhances the transport of MNBs in groundwater and relieves the deposited MNBs on the surface of porous media. At a hydraulic gradient increasing from 0.033 to 0.1, the range of influence of MNBs increased from about 80 cm × 40 cm to 140 cm × 39 cm after 36 h of injection of oxygen MNBs water. The methyl orange in groundwater is effectively removed by ozone MNBs enhanced oxidation, showing the remarkable remediation ability of ozone MNBs. The area of influence and pollutant removal of the ozone MNBs expanded with injection, and the area of influence was approximately 48 cm × 30 cm after 48 h of treatment. We also discuss the effect of groundwater matrix on ozone MNB migration and degradation of contaminants. The 2D model tests illustrate the mechanism of MNB migration and indicate that ozone MNBs enhanced oxidation technology has great potential in the remediation of organics-contaminated groundwater.