Primary School Physical Education Research Articles

Physical Fitness and Physical Self-Perception of Children in Relation to BMI: An Observational Study in Southern Italy

Introduction. Despite international literature has well recognized the rule of physical education in primary school for the promotion of children’s educational process and the mediating effects on cognitive, emotional and social development, in many European countries sedentary lifestyles in children have increased involving all age groups and social classes. Moreover, in Italy the prevalence of children’s overweight and obesity is linked to increased physical inactivity and reduced opportunities for physical activity expenditure. The present study aims to assess physical fitness and self-perception in children involved in SBAM Project in Apulia (Southern Italy), according to gender and BMI. The assessment involved four physical fitness tests (SLJ, MBT, 10x4 and 6mWT) and a self-report to assess physical self-perception. A 3x2 ANOVA was carried out to assess the main and interaction effect of gender and BMI on considered variables. Results showed (a) better motor performances and self-perception in normal weight children compared to overweight and obese peers, (b) male were stronger and faster than female, and (c) physical self-perception didn’t change between obese male and female. Methodological interventions aimed at increasing time spent in motor activity and develop physical fitness are needed in primary school to promote health-oriented physical education. Keywords: health promotion; motor development; physical education; children; self-perception.

A Development of the Teaching Plan on Flower Ball Cheerleading in Physical Education Course to Improve Physical Fitness and Mental Health for Primary School Students

Background and aim: Cheerleading is an important project in the physical education teaching process of primary schools. Introducing cheerleading into primary school physical education can not only guide students to improve their physical functions but also effectively enrich their spiritual world. It plays an important role in the healthy development of student's physical and mental health. This article analyzes and studies this. Playing its role in improving the physical and mental health of primary school students is the significance of this article. Formulate the "Teaching Plan for Ball Cheerleading in Physical Education Classes" to improve the physical and mental health of primary school students. This is the purpose of this study. Materials and Methods: (1) Experimental sample： Among the 300 students in six classes of the fifth grade of a primary school in Rizhao City, students with the same level of physical fitness and no obvious difference in appearance were selected from low to high scores based on the physical fitness test scores. According to their personal wishes, 15 boys and 15 girls were finally selected as experimental samples. (2) Research instrument：①《National student physical health standard》Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.②《Mental Health Rate Scale for Pupil; MHRSP》③Teaching the IOC value is 0.8 and is approved by 5 experts. （3) Statistics: Independent samples t-test, standard deviation. Results: Through the experimental results, it is concluded that the most significant effects of ball cheerleading on the physical fitness of primary school students are one-minute sit-ups, one-minute rope skipping, a 50-meter run, and seated forward bends. The teaching and training process of ball cheerleading has a positive role in promoting students' emotional disorders, social adaptation disorders, behavioral disorders, etc. Flower ball cheerleading has a profound impact on the physical fitness and mental health of primary school students, and plays a good role in promoting the physical production and mental health development of primary school students. Conclusion: The results of this experimental study show that ball cheerleading plays a good role in improving the physical development of primary school students, especially their agility, coordination, explosive power, and core strength. It can provide a strong guarantee for the physical health of primary school students. Ball cheerleading is beneficial to the mental health of primary school students. Ball cheerleading classes can help primary school students learn to regulate their emotions, improve their bad character and moral defects, and help primary school students develop lively and cheerful characters and develop good behaviors. habits, strong social adaptability, and ability to communicate with classmates. This shows that the flower ball cheerleading teaching program constructed in this experiment can be applied to physical education classes for primary school students.

Study on the sense of gain in high level physical education in primary school--taking Shaoxing University Affiliated Primary School as an example

The level of students' sense of gain is a standard to measure the effectiveness of physical education carried out in schools and is valued by schools. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate students' sense of gain in sports education. In this paper, 202 students in the fifth and sixth grades of the Affiliated Primary School of Shaoxing University are selected as subjects, and the questionnaire method is also used to investigate the current status of their sense of acquisition in physical culture. The revised Primary School High Level Physical Activity Sense Scale is utilized in this survey for independent samples T-tests and correlation analyses. It finds that (1) The sense of gain of sports in the Affiliated Primary School is extremely strong, and 98% of students are satisfied with sports. (2) There are differences between genders and grades in the sense of sports acquisition of senior students in primary schools. This study suggests that we should appropriately improve the quality of sports in physical education classes for senior students in primary schools and cultivate their interest in sports, giving them more ways to be involved in physical activities.

The Design of Device to Develop the Speed of Response and its Impact on Learning the Skills of Front and Back Strike for Primary School Students

The problem of research is not to use the aids and aids in the lesson of physical education in primary schools, which can support learning the skills of table tennis, especially the skills of front and rear impact, as well as lack of focus on the development of motor abilities, including the speed of the motor response required by this game, , And that the use of devices and aids helps the trainer to shorten the learning time and effort spent in addition to creating a kind of fun and thrill to practice this game. The goal of the research was: 1-Prepare a device to develop the speed of response and its impact in learning the skills of the front and back strike of primary school students table tennis 2-to identify the impact of the device in learning the skills of the front and back strike of primary school students table tennis The research researcher used the experimental method to design the two groups to suit the nature of the problem. The researcher identified a research society of 16 primary school pupils in Hebron. The researcher chose a sample of 12 students and the sample divided into two groups with 6 students per group. The researcher used the statistical file (spss). After the results were extracted, they were statistically processed and presented in a set of tables and analyzed, and then were discussed in a precise scientific method based on sources and studies that supported the researcher's views in his interpretation of the results in order to achieve the research objectives and hypotheses. Results researcher concluded: 1-The proposed exercises prepared by the researcher and the use of modern and innovative tools and methods helped to develop the accuracy of the front and back blows of the experimental group. 2-The development of the speed of motor response to the arms had a clear impact on the development of the skill level of the front and back blows.In light of the conclusions, the researcher recommends the following: 1-Dependence on the aids and aids in the directorates of sports and scouting activities and in the specialized schools of table tennis 2-Emphasize the use of the device designed in educational units in line with the potential of young people and their levels

INOVATIVNI VYUKA FUTSALU PRO UCITELE TELESNE VYCHOVY NA ZAKLADNICH SKOLACH

The teaching of futsal in primary schools in the Czech Republic is poorly mapped and primary schools more often teach indoor football than futsal. The basis for this research was a questionnaire survey in which 31 primary school physical education teachers participated. This survey showed that 69.2 % of teachers do not conduct futsal drills, 61.5 % do not know the rules of futsal and 84 % of teachers spend a maximum of 4 hours on futsal. Therefore, this paper presents an innovative futsal teaching method for physical education teachers to discuss the basic issues and teaching methods. In order to test our assumptions about the effectiveness of innovative teaching, a research was conducted with two groups of 8th and 9th grade pupils from the Jižní Primary School in Žatec over a period of 8 weeks. 29 pupils (14.21±0.12 years of age) formed the research group and 28 (14.09±0.26 years of age) formed the control group. As part of the research, both groups underwent entry and exit tests verifying futsal skills. The research group followed a specialised futsal plan designed by us, the other group played indoor futsal once a week under the guidance of a teacher. In all tested areas, the research group showed a significant improvement in the exit tests compared to the control group. In practice, this means that students who have undergone specialized futsal training improve in all the important areas that are essential for futsal. A significant difference in the outcome tests is observed in shooting and ball handling. We have seen a big shift in the pupils’ movement skills through the beep test and thus we can observe an improvement in short term endurance. In the test of stepping on the ball for 1 min, there is a shift in the dexterity component.

Pilot randomized controlled trial of a game-based intervention for teaching basketball in Chinese primary school physical education

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of implementing a tailored version of the MASTER coach education programme in Chinese primary schools to support physical education (PE) teachers’ basketball lesson design and delivery. A total of 20 primary schools in Beijing, China were recruited, with one PE teacher and their class (N = 715 students aged 10–13 yrs) from each school included in the study and randomly allocated to the MASTER intervention (n = 10) or control group (n = 10). Compared to the control group, a significant difference was observed in the MASTER group for the proportion of playing-form activities delivered during PE (27.65, 95% CI [20.27, 35.03]) and for teachers’ perceptions of confidence (23.92, 95% CI [15.87, 31.92]) and competence (24.12, 95% CI [10.28, 24.71]) to teach. Significant differences between groups were observed for students’ perceived athletic competence (3.56%; 95% CI [3.15, 3.96]), enjoyment (11.83%; 95% CI [10.98, 12.69]), well-being (8.51%; 95% CI [7.02, 10.00]), intrinsic motivation (+0.74%; 95% CI [0.30, 1.17]), introjected motivation (−2.24%; 95% CI [−2.77, −1.70]), and external motivation (−0.49%; 95% CI [−0.90, −0.08]). The MASTER programme was effective in improving teaching practices in Chinese primary schools, and in facilitating improvements in teacher and student outcomes.

Research on the Strategies of Integrating Life Education into Primary School Physical Education

Research on the Strategies of Integrating Life Education into Primary School Physical Education

Analysis of the Current Situation of Interdisciplinary Integration Teaching in Primary School Physical Education in Pingshan District, Shenzhen

Analysis of the Current Situation of Interdisciplinary Integration Teaching in Primary School Physical Education in Pingshan District, Shenzhen

A52: Practice Research on Orientation Movement Teaching in Primary School

Purpose: Sports shoulder the important task of improving the physical health of teenagers, is an indispensable part of the school quality education, more importantly, is to undertake the fundamental mission of moral cultivation. Orienteering is a new sports project integrating intelligence and physical strength. It not only strengthens the body, but also improves the students' self-control ability such as thinking and judging ability and solving difficulties by themselves, so as to truly realize the ideal effect of "sports people". Methods: From the perspective of the implementation of school-based orienteering curriculum in our school, this paper adopts experimental methods, mathematical statistics and other research methods to conduct 16-week orienteering research on 112 fifth-grade students in Qixing Group School and discusses the influence of students' physical learning effect (learning attitude and expression of affection), physical form, function and quality. It provides theoretical reference and experimental support for orienteering movement in campus. Results: First, after the integration of orientation teaching, the students in the experimental group showed a change in their attitude towards sports learning. 86% of the students could clearly recognize that participation in orientation sports can strengthen their physical fitness, promote the cultivation of sports ethics, and subtly affect their internal emotions and emotions. Second, the height and weight of male and female students before and after the experiment were not significant (P > 0.05), but the amplitude was increased; The results of vital capacity, 50m, 50m *8 retrace run, sit-up and other events were improved significantly (P < 0.01). Conclusion: It is feasible and meaningful to introduce orientation teaching content into primary school physical education. Not only enrich the teaching content of physical education, but also help to improve the function of students' internal organs, cultivate students' will quality, innovation ability and other values. The support of school leaders plays a crucial role; PE teachers should renew themselves, design a variety of age-appropriate competitions, and ensure good classroom discipline and safety of sports environment. The school-based orienteering teaching system needs constant practice and summary to optimize the reasonable evaluation mechanism.

The Value Connotation, Problem Review, and Breakthrough Strategies of Ideological and Political Construction in Primary and Secondary School Physical Education Curriculum under the Perspective of “Fostering Virtue to Build Character”

The Value Connotation, Problem Review, and Breakthrough Strategies of Ideological and Political Construction in Primary and Secondary School Physical Education Curriculum under the Perspective of “Fostering Virtue to Build Character”

Effectiveness of physical qualities development in elementary school students

In our research, we focused on showing ways to organize and use the educational process based on the value approach for primary school students and physical education teachers. In this process, we have summarized the results of the analysis of the observed educational activities, the questions and answers organized with the respondent students, and the results of our observations. The efficiency level indicator of the experimental work performed during the research in the experimental group was 12.6%

Gender Differences in Students’ Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Levels During Primary School Physical Education Lessons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: We aimed to determine gender differences in students’ moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels measured in primary school by accelerometry. Methods: Our systematic search (PROSPERO: CRD42023422799) was developed using four electronic databases (from January 2013 to December 22, 2023). Our meta-analysis was conducted based on a random-effects model. Results: The search yielded 6255 manuscripts. Only 24 manuscripts were included in the systematic review, reporting 7550 participants. Finally, 19 manuscripts were meta-analyzed. Our analyses indicated that the mean percentages (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.40, p < .001) of MVPA in primary school physical education (PE) lessons were 28.75 ± 13.75 for boys and 25.99 ± 12.35 for girls. In addition, the mean minutes (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.27, p < .001) were 13.75 ± 9.91 for boys and 12.15 ± 8.88 for girls. Students failed to meet the 50% recommendation of MVPA lesson time. Conclusion: Boys spend significantly more time in MVPA than girls during PE lessons in primary school. The findings show the need for methodological changes in PE to reduce this gender gap.

Evaluating the Feasibility of the Education, Movement, and Understanding (EMU) Program: A Primary School-Based Physical Education Program Integrating Indigenous Games Alongside Numeracy and Literacy Skills

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a 16-lesson integrated physical education program focusing on Indigenous games: Education, Movement, and Understanding (EMU). Method: The study aligned with current physical education, English, and mathematics syllabi and involved 105 children (9–12 years) from two primary schools (Awabakal Country, Australia; 2020). Children participated in sixteen 45–60 min EMU lessons over 8 weeks, with feasibility and preliminary efficacy outcomes assessed via mixed methods. Results: EMU was delivered successfully by the research team, with excellent student and teacher evaluations (M = 4.36–5.0 across 20 items). Improvements resulted for children’s cardiorespiratory fitness (d = 0.37, p = .001), enjoyment of sport (d = 0.27, p = .024), physical self-perceptions (d = 0.27, p = .043), and academic achievement (spelling d = 0.91, addition d = 0.40, subtraction d = 0.53, and division d = 0.68). No significant changes in well-being or multiplication scores resulted. Conclusion: Our results provide support for the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of EMU as a beneficial and enjoyable integrated primary school physical education program.

The Application of "Three Comprehensiveness " Model in Chinese Primary School Labor Education

Objective: This paper focuses on the comprehensive development of the five education programs in schools, truly leveraging the important role of labor education. The school conducts practical research on the "Three Comprehensiveness" model curriculum system of labor education, which involves full participation, comprehensive implementation， interdisciplinary integration, to enable students to acquire labor skills, learn cooperation and cultivate new generations who understand, know and love labor.
 
 Method: Conduct research using sampling and testing methods.Using a simple random sampling method, 100 Grade 6 students were selected from Min’an Primary School, Nantou Town, Zhongshan City. The research was conducted by questionnaire survey of students, teachers and parents, teacher interview.Through SPSS reliability and validity analysis, students' labor concepts, labor skills and labor values are analyzed.Through the action research method, observe the changes of students in labor habits and labor values.
 
 Result: All students participate in labor education, which is carried out through a combination of on campus and off campus education, integrated with the seven disciplines of Chinese, mathematics, English, science, art, physical education, and information technology. This enables students to increase their labor knowledge, acquire labor skills, cultivate good labor habits, and establish correct labor values.
 
 Conclusion: Understand the level of labor awareness, attitude, skills, daily life, labor education, labor value, and labor habits of sixth grade students; The integration of labor education in the seven disciplines of primary school Chinese, mathematics, English, science, art, physical education, and information technology; By investigating students, education, and parents' attitudes towards labor education, we can understand the methods and approaches for cultivating labor education both on and off campus.

Studi Tentang Kinerja Guru Penjasorkes Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se-Kecamatan Nguter Kabupaten Sukoharjo Tahun 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the purpose of this study to determine the performance of Physical Education teachers in Public Elementary Schools in Nguter District, Sukoharjo Regency in 2021 seen from lesson planning, implementation of learning and implementation of learning evaluation. The research method uses a quantitative descriptive approach. Retrieval of research data using a questionnaire. This research data processing technique uses a rating scale to make it easier to process data from the results of respondents' answers. This study obtained results from the low average performance of Public Elementary School Penjasorkes teachers in Nguter District, Sukoharjo Regency in 2021. This can be seen from the results of respondents' answers, namely: indicator answers are always or a value of 4 on aspects of learning planning (43.14%), implementation of learning (59.47%) and implementation of learning evaluation (62.93%). The conclusion from the results of the research is that the performance of Primary School Physical Education teachers in Nguter Sub-district, Sukoharjo Regency in 2021 in terms of the implementation of learning is low, in terms of the aspect of learning planning it is low, and in terms of the implementation of the evaluation of learning it is moderate.

Exploring life skills knowledge and influences on holistic coaching behaviours of primary school community football Physical Education coaches

ABSTRACTIn primary schools throughout England, coaches employed by community football foundations deliver Physical Education (PE) lessons. Primary school PE is a context that both promotes and is conducive to the development of life skills. However, the holistic development of life skills in primary school pupils during PE depends upon the knowledge, actions and behaviours of the coach. Semi-structured interviews of primary school six community football PE coaches were used to achieve two study aims. First, to investigate the coaches’ understanding of life skills in the context of holistic development. Secondly, to explore the factors that influence coaches’ capacity to embed life skills in primary school PE lessons. Deliberative and reflexive thematic analysis of interview data revealed how coaches did not comprehensively understand life skill development, and often could not differentiate between physical skills, technical skills and life skills. Additionally, outsourcing PE delivery to football coaches was problematic, as coaches’ prior coach education did not equip them with the knowledge or skills to deliver holistic PE lessons. Instead, coaches tended to learn how to deliver PE ‘on the job’ and prioritised physical and technical skill development in lessons. Findings also showed how constraints within schools including inadequate facilities, a lack of support from colleagues, the low prioritisation of PE within the curriculum and insufficient lesson planning time, meant coaches could not plan and deliver holistic PE lessons in which life skills were embedded.

The Current Situation of Physical Education Classroom Teaching in Rural Primary Schools in Zhaoqing City under the "Double Reduction" Policy and High-quality Development Research

The "double reduction" policy emphasizes that the teaching of physical education should implement the requirements of improving quality and efficiency. Using the literature method, questionnaire survey method, interview method, etc., this paper conducted an in-depth investigation on the current situation of physical education classroom teaching in some rural primary schools in Zhaoqing City, and found that in the process of physical education teaching, the physical education training density is low, the teaching form is outdated, and the teaching design is not targeted, which seriously hinders the role and value of physical education in primary schools. As a result, students cannot have a good understanding of the basic knowledge of physical education, and it is difficult to form sports values in the new era. The high-quality development of physical education in rural primary schools should be improved from the following aspects: strengthening the awareness of physical education, improving sports facilities and venues, strengthening the construction of teachers, innovating physical education teaching methods, and establishing a scientific evaluation system.

Construction of a Sensory Integration Physical Education Model to Improve Basic Motor Skills in Primary Schools

Background and aims: In the construction of primary schools' basic motor skills sensory integration sports model, the study also entered a new teaching concept model, which is the original physical education curriculum model to deepen the reform, highlighting the health goals of the construction of the curriculum model, the value of which includes physical health, improve mental health, and enhance social resilience of a training model. This paper aims to help Chinese primary school students improve sensory integration disorder and basic motor skills ability in the lower grades of primary school, a physical education model of basic motor skills in primary schools was constructed. Materials and methods: In this study, the questionnaire method and expert interview method were used to collect data from 50 teachers and 1000 first-grade students, and a sample of 390 students and 50 teachers were selected to study the current status of basic motor skills and sensory integration ability of primary school first-grade students and then used Delphi technology, focus groups, and Connoisseurship to determine the basic motor skills sensory integration physical education teaching model in primary schools. Results: The study shows that the experts participating in the study recognize the integration of sensory integration teaching mode and basic motor skills teaching mode, and the basic motor skills sensory integration physical education teaching mode in primary schools is consistent with the standard concept of Chinese physical education and health curriculum, which is an expansion and extension of the teaching content of physical education courses to help students' all-round physical and mental development. Conclusions: The study underscores experts' validation of integrating sensory and motor skills teaching in Chinese primary school physical education. This innovative approach aligns with holistic curriculum goals, promoting students' comprehensive physical and mental development.

초등학교 체육교과 세계민속무용 영역 내용 분석

Objectives The primary objective of this study is to investigate the significance of cultural education within the domain of world folk dance as integrated into primary school physical education curricula. Methods The study applied open coding, axial coding and selective coding techniques rooted in grounded theory principles. The analysis encompassed eight distinct primary school physical education textbooks tailored for fifth-grade students, specifically focusing on the segment dedicated to folk expression through world folk dance. The research involved categorizing content by the countries of origin, dance types, and specific dance composi-tions, encompassing a comprehensive scope of 20 nations and 38 distinct dance works featured in these textbooks. This analysis aimed to delve into the realm of folk expression while concurrently examining its relation-ship with cultural education, with a particular focus on discerning patterns and characteristics within the realm of folk dance. Through the autoethnography as a qualitative methodology, this study connects the concepts of dia-spora and cultural hybridity. It explores diaspora space appeared in diaspora festivals and the world festivals that include folk dances. Results The analysis of primary school physical education textbooks reveals three fundamental aspects of cultural education such as cultural identity, cultural diversity and cultural hybridity within the context of world folk dance. First, Cultural Identity: World folk dance serves as a conduit for students to connect with and express their cultural heritage. It provides a platform for celebrating one’s cultural identity through physical movement. Second, Cultural Diversity: The inclusion of folk dances from diverse nations exposes students to the rich tapestry of global cultures. This exposure fosters an appreciation for the diversity of human traditions, promoting tolerance and understanding. Finally, Cultural Hybridity: Some folk dances exhibit characteristics of cultural hybridity, where di-verse cultural influences merge to create unique dance forms. This aspect underscores the dynamic nature of culture and the interconnectedness of different societies. Conclusions The study highlights the significance of world folk dance in primary school physical education curric-ula, particularly for fifth-grade students. World folk dance serves as a valuable tool for enhancing students’ non-verbal expressive abilities through physical movements, simultaneously deepening their comprehension of diverse cultural perspectives. By framing world folk dance as an integral facet of culture, the research encourages educators to provide optimal opportunities for students to engage in meaningful expression activities within the realm of cultural education. The integration of world folk dance into primary school physical education curricula enriches students’ cultural experiences and aligns with broader goals such as cultural identity, cultural diversity and cultural hybridity.

Analyzing the effectiveness of traditional means of basic physical education while training primary school children

Introduction. Physical education of the younger generation is a vital part of modern education. Prevalence of physical inactivity among children and young people nowadays is a serious issue and one of the main causes of such negative phenomena as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and infant mortality. In this regard, physical education at school is a key factor for forming a healthy society as a whole, since it is the most accessible and widespread form of involving children in physical activity and sports, which in turn are the most effective means of improving health and combating physical inactivity. These facts require new and effective means and methods of physical training for children precisely in physical education at school, especially in the lower grades as these make the first stage of a healthy lifestyle. The study aims to experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of traditional means of physical education in basic physical education while training primary school children. Materials and methods. 20 first-grade schoolchildren from Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution ‘Secondary School No. 8, Grozny’ (Russian Federation) took part in the experiment. To assess the impact of traditional means of physical education on the dynamics of physical fitness of first-graders in experimental groups, GTO standards tests were selected: standing start running 30 m (sec.); standing long jump (cm); horizontal pull-ups on a low bar (number of times); throwing a small ball at a target at the distance of 6 m (number of points); bending forward from the standing position on a gymnastic bench (cm). Mathematical statistics methods: descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, standard deviation); Student's t-test. Results. After statistical processing of the results by type of test, the following significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups: in standing long jumps, the average performance in the experimental group was 12 cm better than in the control group (t = -2.759; p = 0.009); in horizontal pull-ups on a low bar, the average result in the experimental group was 3 repetitions better than in the control group (t = -2.488; p = 0.017); in ball throwing, the average score in the experimental group was better than in the control group (t = 4.119; p = 0.000); in bending forward from the standing position on a gymnastic bench, the average score in the experimental group was almost 1.5 cm higher than in the control group (t = -4.775; p = 0.000); in shuttle run (3x10 m. (sec.)), the average score in the experimental group was 1 second better than in the control group (t = -2.324; p = 0.027). Conclusion. The research results prove that introducing traditional games and physical exercises into basic physical education while training primary school children is an effective approach for improving physical education in primary school. These methods help achieve better results in developing physical qualities and raising the level of physical fitness in children of this age.