Indicators Of Physical Development Research Articles

The influence of physical and recreational swimming classes on the physical condition of children of primary school age

In the modern realities of martial law and quarantine restrictions, the issue of improving the physical and mental state of the population of Ukraine is being brought up to date. The problem of improving the health of children of primary school age deserves special attention.
 The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of swimming physical culture and health classes on the physical condition of children of primary school age.
 Research organization: the research was conducted during 2022 in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific research of PDAFKiS for 2021-2025 on the topic "Theoretical and methodological foundations of training athletes in Olympic and professional sports" (state registration number 0121U108253).
 Research methods: theoretical analysis, generalization and comparison of literary sources, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.
 A total of 30 children of primary school age participated in the research. It was established that during 6 months of physical culture and health classes in the conditions of the pool, the average group indicators of physical development of children did not undergo significant changes and were within age norms. After conducting the pedagogical experiment, it was found that there were statistically significant changes (р˂0.05) in the level of flexibility development, there was also a tendency to improve indicators of strength, speed, speed-power abilities and endurance, but no significant changes were recorded. The analysis of children's physical condition after the introduction of swimming physical education classes with children of primary school age showed the transition of children to a higher level and a decrease in the number of children with low and below average levels.

Аналіз показників фізичного розвитку офіцерів оперативного рівня різних вікових груп

Knowledge about the age dynamics of physical development indicators of operational level officers has significant importance in the context of scientific research and practical activities of military personnel. The aim is to determine the age dynamics of physical development indicators among operational level officers in the first and second periods of mature age. Material and methods. We used anthropometric research methods, including measuring body length, body weight, and girth sizes of different body parts. Also, we used bioelectrical impedance analysis to determine body composition, including fat amount, muscle mass, water content, and other parameters. In addition, we measured skin-fat folds to assess the distribution of fat tissue in different parts of the body. Using the obtained results, we performed mathematical analysis, such as descriptive statistics and significance criteria. Parametric criteria were used to compare indicators of physical development between age groups of officers, too. Research results. We found out that the age indicator between the studied groups had a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). However, we found the absence of statistically significant differences (p >0.05) in anthropometric characteristics, such as body length, body weight, body mass index, total fat content and its distribution in individual parts of the body, total water content, muscle weight and bone mass between the officer groups. But also, we found that the content of visceral fat in officers of the second period of adulthood was statistically significantly higher (p <0.05), which indicates the presence of age-related changes in the distribution of visceral fat in the body. Comparison of the average group results of five skin-fat folds in the studied groups of officers did not reveal statistically significant differences (p >0.05). These results indicate that the distribution of fat mass in officers of the operational level of the first and second periods of adulthood may be similar and the age factor does not significantly affect this aspect of anthropometry. We established the absence of a statistically significant (p >0.05) difference in girth measurements of various body parts (neck, shoulder, wrist, chest, waist, pelvis, hip) between operational level officers of both age groups. This means that the indicators of physical development of operational-level servicemen remain stable during the first and second periods of adulthood. Conclusion. The obtained results of the study indicate the absence of a statistically significant (p >0.05) difference between the vast majority of the studied indicators. Also, that the physical development of operational level officers of both age groups remains stable, except for certain aspects such as visceral fat content.

ЭЛЕТ МЕКТЕБИНДЕГИ ΘСПYРYМДΘРДYН ФИЗИКАЛЫК ΘНYГYYСYН БААЛОО

Against the background of the socio-economic, environmental conditions that have changed in recent years and the deterioration of the quality of life, there are distinct negative shifts in the health of the younger generation. Protecting the health of the younger generation is the most important state task, since the foundation of the health of the adult population of the country is laid in childhood. The state of health is largely determined by the level of physical development of the child. The study of the main indicators of physical development of children in recent years has revealed certain trends. According to statistics, up to 10 thousand children with physical disabilities are registered annually in the Kyrgyz Republic. When assessing the health status of the child population, great importance is attached to the study of indicators of physical development, as it reflects the formation of morphological and functional properties of the body. The article presents the results of anthropometric indicators in order to assess the physical.

Development of Physical Education in Elementary Schools in Bima District

The objectives of this research are 1. To determine the development of physical education in elementary schools in Langgudu District, Bima Regency in terms of a) Physical education facilities, b) Physical education infrastructure, c) Sports human resources, d) Student participation, e) Physical fitness, 2. To find out the physical education development index in elementary schools in Bima Regency. This study uses a survey method and a quantitative approach. The population in study were students of SDN accredited A, students of SDN accredited, SDN students accredited. The sample are 216 students, 72 students for each accreditation. The sampling technique used a cluster sampling technique with stratified random sampling. Data analysis techniques use Sports Development Index (SDI) analysis. Based on the results of the research reviewed from a) Physical education facilities obtained an index value of 0.206 in the low/low category, b) Physical education infrastructure obtained an index value of 0.716 in the medium/sufficient category, c) Sports human resources obtained an index value of 0.402 in the low category/ lacking, d) Student participation obtained an index value of 0.124 in the low/less category, e) Physical fitness obtained an index value of 0.736 in the medium/adequate category. The physical education development index in elementary schools in Langgudu District, Bima Regency obtained an index value of 0.546 which is included in the medium category

Iron deficiency conditions prediction and prevention in children

The relevance of iron deficiency issues is due to the high frequency and tendency to steady growth, affecting the quality of life of the population. Pregnant, lactating women and young children are at high risk of developing iron deficiency conditions. Among pregnant women, a direct correlation was found between iron deficiency in the early stages of gestation and the pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth, lower indicators of physical, psychomotor development of children. Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study of 248 mother-child pairs was conducted. Pregnant, lactating women: the main group-women who received iron preparations during registration-106 persons, the comparison group-those who did not receive iron preparations-142. Inclusion criteria: absence of exacerbation of chronic pathology, allergic reactions, gastrointestinal pathology, infectious diseases. The women were examined at the end of the 3rd trimester and the postpartum period. Catamnestic observation was carried out for 248 children born to pregnant women. All children were observed with the informed consent of their parents. The duration of observation was up to a year. The children of the main group (106) and the comparison group (142) were singled out. Children of the main group on natural feeding (98) were divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup - 47 children whose mothers received iron preparations during lactation, the second subgroup - 51 children whose mothers did not receive iron subsidies. An assessment of the somatic status, a general clinical examination was carried out. Results and Discussion.Based on the data obtained using the statistical method of analysis, it was found that iron deficiency in the antenatal period significantly increased the frequency of premature birth, caused a deficiency of birth weight, heart disease, and led to a high frequency of viral infections in pregnant women. In newborns, from mothers who did not receive the iron preparation, a high frequency of latent iron deficiency (LID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was noted. Newborns from the comparison group, according to the results of laboratory diagnostics, were treated with LID and IDA, however, lower indicators of physical development, NPR remained until 6 months. In the postnatal period, there was a direct correlation between the prophylactic intake of iron preparations by a nursing mother and the occurrence of latent iron deficiency and IDA in a child. Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to speak about the high effectiveness of preventive iron supplementation by a pregnant and lactating woman, to reduce the risk of pathological pregnancy and childbirth, affecting the indicators of physical and neuropsychic development (NPD) of a newborn and an infant. Even with the timely elimination of iron deficiency in a newborn, the delay in physical and NPR is noted up to 6 months. The analysis of the effect of iron deficiency in pregnant and nursing mothers on the course of the antenatal period, childbirth and the state of the child’s health dictates the need for prevention from the standpoint of a personalized approach.

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH CONDITION OF CHILDREN CONCEIVED BY IN VITRO FERTILIZATION

Aim: To study the anamnesis, development parameters and health condition in the first year of life of the children conceived by IVF. Materials and Methods: 116 children born by IVF and 46 children born in natural pregnancy were examined. Results: In most cases of our study, children after IVF were born prematurely from women with a bad obstetric and gynecological history and had a low birth weight. The period of early adaptation in premature infants born after assisted reproductive technologies was complicated by respiratory distress syndrome. Most often the children after IVF had such pathologies as central nervous system damage, deficiency anemia and minor anomalies of heart development in the neonatal period. Compared with children born in natural pregnancy, infectious diseases were more often detected in newborns after IVF. The development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was significantly more frequent in children after IVF within a month of life. At six months, most of the IVF babies had low parameters of physical development, whereas weight and growth indicators did not differ significantly from the general population indicators by the first year of life. Most of the children born after IVF had neurological outcomes, such as delayed psychomotor development, malfunctioning of the autonomic nervous system, convulsive syndrome by the year of life. Conclusion: Children born after IVF have features of somatic status, neuropsychiatric and physical development, which indicates the need for targeted monitoring and continued research in this group of children to minimize health risks.

Physical education in institutions of higher education in the context of the vision of movement technologies for the formation of a culture of personal health

The purpose of the study was to clarify the views of the authors on the substantive features of the selection of educational materials in the context of prioritizing their presentation in lecture presentations, to highlight key topics for discussion at seminar classes, and to outline practical tasks for creating pedagogical conditions for the formation of students' competent abilities to use the acquired knowledge in their own life and professional activity.
 The paper provides a theoretical analysis of the meaningful characteristics of the terms and concepts of the discipline, presents a vision of logical connections between them and the relevance of students' awareness of such dependencies. The results of empirical studies of students' conscious understanding of the essence of concepts are considered, and the authors' vision of the cause- and-effect relationships of false awareness and motivational attitudes to motor activity is illuminated.
 The novelty of the study should be considered the forms and methods proposed by the authors of introducing educational elements of theoretical familiarization into methodically grounded practical studies of one's own indicators of physical development and the dynamics of functional states in the conditions of extremity of the military state and distance learning.
 The conclusions point to the understanding of the contents defined by the topic, emphasize the views on the main directions of the selection of educational materials, the development of tools and methods of systematic training of students of the pedagogical profession for the assimilation of knowledge from the educational discipline "Culture of personal health" (in the part of the "Motion Technologies" Program).
 The authors classified the thematic areas into three groups: General theoretical (definition of terms and concepts and clarification of historical stages of development of the field of Physical Culture); Mastering knowledge about the peculiarities of health training and the basics of self-control; Mastering knowledge of methodological features of the organization of motor activity of schoolchildren.

The impact of propranolol on the growth and development of children with proliferative infantile hemangioma during treatment.

Oral propranolol has not been shown to impact physical development, such as weight and height. The impact of children's intellectual development has received relatively little attention from researchers. The effects of propranolol on the growth and development of children with proliferative infantile hemangiomas during treatment were analyzed retrospectively. The children with infantile hemangioma treated with oral propranolol in the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, from February 2017 to May 2022 were analyzed. A uniform therapeutic regimen was applied, including assessment, treatment, and follow-up. The assessment included physical development and intellectual development indices. The physical development indices were height and weight. Neuropsychological assessment uses developmental quotient (DQ) to assess intelligence development. The DQs on months 3, 6, and 9 posttreatment were compared to the pretreatment. Wilcoxon rank sum test of paired samples was used for height and weight. The developmental quotient was determined by paired t test. P < .05 indicated significant difference. A total of 51 patients were enrolled. All children completed the treatment successfully, without severe adverse drug reactions leading to treatment discontinuation. There was no significant difference in height and weight before and after treatment (P > .05). No significant difference was detected in DQ 3 months posttreatment and pretreatment (P = .19), while it decreased at 6 and 9 months posttreatment (P < .05). Oral propranolol does not have an impact on physical development (height and weight). No short-term effect was found on intellectual development, but a decrease was noted over 6 months, which needs to be investigated further.

Динамика базовых антропометрических показателей детей раннего и дошкольного возраста в Республике Беларусь на рубеже XX–XXI веков

Introduction. In recent years, insufficient attention has been paid to the study of the dynamics of the growth and development of children of early and preschool age, their variability over time and depending on various factors of the external and internal environment. The literature data are contradictory and indicate two multidirectional processes – acceleration and deceleration. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of basic anthropometric indicators of physical development (length and body weight) in children of early and preschool age in Belarus, obtained in 2021 (group I) and in 1989–1997 (group II), was carried out. These populations were homogeneous in place of residence, ethnicity, and close in time of inspection. The number of boys and girls in the first group was 700 people, in the second group – 3351 and 3175 people, respectively. Results. Monitoring of anthropometric indicators of children of early and preschool age allowed to establish the features of physical development. Boys of group I from birth to 6 years of age are significantly more likely to have higher body weight indicators compared to group II. In girls, this trend was not registered only at the age of 3 years (P&gt;0.05). In all age periods, both sexes of the group I significantly more often have higher body length indicators compared to the group II. The most pronounced difference in body length (over 4 cm) in children of the group I and group II was noted in boys and girls in the age groups of 2 and 5 years. The analysis shows an increase in somatometric indicators of physical development and the phenomenon of acceleration. Conclusion. The conducted studies have established the presence of higher values of body length and weight in children in 2021 compared to their peers in 1989–1997. Higher levels of all the studied indicators were noted in boys than in girls. @ 2023. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Этнические особенности физического развития мужчин-северян зрелого и пожилого возраста

Introduction. Physical development indicator variables can be used to estimate the population health status. Mature and elderly male residents of Magadan region, Aborigines and Caucasians by origin, were examined to study basic anthropometric indicators. Materials and methods. This study presented data obtained in the 2022 Evensk and Magadan Reproductive Health pilot project and Kolyma Longevity regional program surveys. The data of medical examination records of one hundred and seven male residents from the district of Evensk and eight hundred ninety-nine from the city of Magadan were assessed. The following anthropometric indicators were put into general database: body length, body mass, waist circumference, and body mass index was also calculated. Age and ethnic criteria were applied to form 6 groups. Results. The research showed that negative tendencies in physical development were characteristic of both ethnic groups in both regions: all examinees exhibited high percentage of overweight and shorter body length with the incidence growing with increasing age. The higher waist circumference index at older age in Caucasian populations of Magadan indicated subjective abdominal obesity. The ethnicity proved to specify the dynamics of physical development indicators with age: Caucasian examinees, mostly from the city of Magadan, tended to get shorter in body length with an increase in waist circumference and body mass variables. Aboriginals pronouncedly reduced body length with a tendency to a decrease in body mass, body circumference and body mass index. Conclusion. Age and ethnicity have an influence on somatometric status of northern residents, which should be considered when forming regional standards of physical development. @ 2023. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Morphological variability of the white carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during domestication

Acclimatized in the last century in the reservoirs of Russia, the white silver carp is the only consumer of phytoplankton in our country. In conditions of artificial reproduction and domestication, uncontrolled deterioration of fish habitus often occurs. In this regard, a comparative analysis of the variability of the most informative morphological parameters, namely length, mass, head length, body girth and their main indices in the samples of the white silver carp of varying degrees of domestication, was carried out. The Chinese, Amur and local lineages, the Ergenin sample and the Romanian population were studied, of which the least domesticated is the Chinese line. The presented materials show that the Chinese white carp line of the second generation of domestication differs in a smaller head, high indices of relative head length and physical development from the local and Ergeninsky fish samples domesticated for several decades. In pond lines domesticated in several generations, there is an increase in the relative size of the head and a deterioration in the index of physical development, which indicates the presence of selection for fitness to insufficient food supply in conditions of weak flow. It is recommended in the breeding program when growing reproductive herds of white carp in ponds to provide for selection to preserve the commercial qualities of fish.

The effect of adaptive physical education on the development of children with speech delays in a preschool educational institution

The review article raises an actual problem related to the study of children with delayed speech development in a preschool educational institution. On the basis of the analysis of scientific and methodical literature, the peculiarities of psychomotor and cognitive development of children with speech disorders in the conditions of a preschool institution were analyzed and summarized. The most effective means of physical education and methods of organizing children's activities with children with speech delay in children's society are considered. Results. Based on the results of literary sources, it was established that preschool children with speech delay are characterized by: lag in indicators of physical and mental development of motor skills, communication in communication with peers, adaptive opportunities in society are violated, adaptive attention, unstable attention, as a result of which there is a deterioration of mood and self-esteem. But at the same time, there are also trends in the direction of improving methods and programs for the most effective search for overcoming this nosological problem in children's society.&#x0D; Conclusions. The development of children with speech disorders has a significantly different vector compared to healthy children who study in a preschool educational institution. Means of physical education for children of this nosology is considered as one of the main links of improving not only cognitive and psychomotor functions, but also includes measures to improve components of health, which include the mental, physical, social, spiritual, and moral development of children in the preschool environment.

Correction of the Physical Condition of Children 5-6 Years Old Who Are Engaged Gymnastics In Sports Shools

The article deals with the assessment of physical development and level of physical fitness of children 5-6 years’ old who are engaged in gymnastics in sports schools with the analysis of physiometric measurements, in particular: vital capacity of the lungs, dynamometry, respiratory rate and heart rate, as well as a detailed analysis of the level of physical fitness with the help of pedagogical testing.&#x0D; During the research, theoretical analysis was used, namely the analysis and generalization of literary sources, systematization, comparison of different views on the problem under study, content analysis of textbooks for the purpose of studying the theoretical and methodical foundations of physical education of sports school students, methods of determining anthropometric data and methods of mathematical statistics and data processing, as well as pedagogical testing methods.&#x0D; The results of the assessment of children's physical capacity allowed us to conclude that in most people it corresponds to the average level, and in a third of children, small functional reserves were found. The indicators of vital capacity of the lungs also corresponded to the average statistical indicators, аnalyzing the obtained data regarding the development of physical qualities, it can be proven that almost all test indicators that characterize the physical fitness of children are at low and below average levels. In none of the tests did the children demonstrate a high level, the analysis of individual results of assessing the level of physical fitness of children 5-6 years old shows that 40.7% of the subjects have an average level of physical fitness, 14.8% have an above average level, 25.9% of children have a below average level, 18.5% have a low level % of people. Therefore, we selected 120 children (44.4%) with low and below average levels of physical fitness to conduct recreational gymnastics classes with them according to the author's program.&#x0D; The results of our research proved that most of the indicators of physical development and functional state of children 5-6 years old who do gymnastics in sports schools correspond to the age norm, however, the analysis of individual results of assessing the level of physical fitness of 5-6-year-old children shows that 40.7% of the subjects have an average level of physical fitness, 14.8% have an above average level, 25.9% of children have a below average level, 18% have a low level, 5% of people

Effects of Active Video Game Interventions on Physical Health and Development Among Healthy Preschool Children

Early physical activity (PA) interventions during preschool ages are necessary and critical to cultivate healthy movement behaviors for healthy growth and development. The increasing obesity rate among children is a major public health concern globally, which is largely due to poor adherence to participating in regular PA. Active video game (AVG) interventions have been increasingly used in promoting PA. The narrative review synthesized current literature regarding the effect of AVG interventions on physical health and development indicators among healthy preschoolers. A systematic review was performed in Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, ERIC, PubMed, SPORT Discus, and Web of Science, following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of seven experimental studies were included; two were home-based interventions and five were center-based interventions. Three studies confirmed AVG interventions had a positive effect on the targeted outcomes: fruit and vegetable acceptance, execution function, and perceived competence. All other studies found partially positive effects on PA levels, motor skill competence, fundamental movement skills, or cognitive flexibility. The available evidence suggests that AVGs could be a promising channel to promote PA outcomes that contribute to physical health and development in preschoolers. The results underline advantages and usages of AVG interventions in preschoolers although evidence provided limited robustness. There is a paucity of studies that investigated the effect of AVG PA interventions on physical health and development in healthy preschoolers. Future studies are needed to replicate findings and test feasibility and efficacy of AVG PA interventions.

КЛАСТЕРНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ КАК ИНТЕГРАТОР РАЗНЫХ МЕТОДИК ОЦЕНКИ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ПРАКТИЧЕСКИ ЗДОРОВЫХ ЛИЦ ЮНОШЕСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА

The influence of external factors can significantly deviate the distribution of somatotypes from the indicators of the general population, which makes researchers select the most suitable scheme of so-matotyping from the already known ones or construct their own. Applicants of military universities are a particular case of such samples, formed as a result of a complex of factors, including the work of military medical commissions. The aim was to use cluster analysis to develop an integrative classifica-tion for assessing the physical development of practically healthy adolescents. Materials and meth-ods. The object of the study was 280 applicants (234 boys and 46 girls), who were examined by spe-cialists in the medical commissions of military commissariats and were considered to be practically healthy. Anthropometric data were analyzed: body length, body weight, length of the torso, limbs, girth dimensions of the torso and limbs, as well as body component composition. Hierarchical cluster analysis by the Ward method and Kendall's correlation coefficient were used in the study. Results. By means of cluster analysis of the physical development indicators of the virtually healthy individuals, we identified a significant contribution of body mass index, weight, body length in the formation of three major groups, which we characterized as: the male macrosomatic phenotype, the male mesoso-matic phenotype, and the female phenotype. Based on the proportion of muscle and fat tissue, visceral fat, distal diameter of the forearm as an indicator of bone development, body mass index and thick-ness of the skin-fat fold of the anterior abdominal wall, the following subgroups were identified: male macrosomatic phenotype, with hyperstenic features, male macrosomatic phenotype, with normosthen-ic features, male mesosomatic phenotype with digestive features, male mesosomatic phenotype with mesotonic features, male mesosomatic muscle phenotype, female megalosomic athletic and subathletic phenotype, female stenoplastic phenotype. Conclusion. The used statistical approach allows to change the classical paradigm of searching for a universal methodology of somatotyping, to the creation of algorithms of compilation of well-known schemes of physical development evaluation in the selected population groups.

Evaluation of indicators of physical development in children and adolescent as a standard for health

Evaluation of indicators of physical development in children and adolescent as a standard for health

The influence of body weight deficiency on indicators of physical development in 12-13-year-old girls

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of indicators of physical development in adolescent girls with insufficient and normal body weight. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of insufficient body weight on indicators of physical development in adolescent girls. Methods and organization of the study: theoretical analysis of specialized literature, comparative analysis, anthropometric research methods, and methods of mathematical statistics. Girls aged 12-13 took part in the study (a total of 138 persons, including 108 girls aged 12 and 30 girls aged 13). Results. The results of the comparative analysis showed statistically significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) in some indicators of physical development between the girls with insufficient body weight and girls with normal body weight. The 12-year-old girls with insufficient body weight had statistically significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) body weight, waist circumference, and left-hand grip strength than their peers with normal body weight. In contrast to 12-year-old girls, 13-year-old girls with insufficient body weight had all median indicators of physical development, except for shoulder circumference, lower then the girls of this age with normal body weight. In 13-year-old girls with insufficient body weight, the decrease in the indicators of physical development is larger than in 12-year-old girls, that is, the negative impact of insufficient body weight on the physical development of girls intensifies. Insufficient body weight was accompanied by a decrease in the group averages of hand grip strength in girls. A negative trend was demonstrated, which indicates that insufficient body weight impairs the normal development of the child's body. Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrated significant differences in the indicators of physical development between girls with normal and insufficient body weight.

Implementation of testing methods ("2 ball" and "6 ball" test) at the stage of student selection for sports improvement groups in futsal

The article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of testing to check indicators of technical-tactical and speed-strength endurance of students who expressed a desire to specialize in futsal. The application of tests at the stage of selection of students in futsal to PSM groups is considered. The given list of tests is sufficiently productive to determine the level of technical and tactical preparation, which helps to quickly and effectively determine the level of physical preparation in futsal. The proposed testing exercises are aimed both at developing the players' cognitive functions and at determining the accuracy of movements during their execution. It is recommended for the optimal evaluation of the individual level of technical preparation of football players, which objectively reflects the level of performance of specific elements of movement technique. The specified motor tests (speed, dexterity, explosive power) can be attributed to motor exercises of complex orientation. When performing the tests, elements of spatial and temporal orientation were used, which emphasizes the multifunctionality of the given exercises. The execution of the tests accelerated the moment of adaptation of the players, both to the requirements and to work in the team. The analysis of the test results reveals the presence of tendencies towards higher indicators of speed-power orientation in the group, which is probably due to the level of training and higher indicators of physical development.

The Effects of Cup Feeding and Finger Feeding Techniques on Weight Gain in Preterm Infants Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background: Weight is one of the main indicators of physical growth and brain development in infants, especially preterm infants. Feeding preterm infants is an ongoing challenge for those in charge of feeding infants, especially those with very low birth weights. Feeding difficulties in premature infants lead to long hospital stays and increased costs. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of cup feeding and finger feeding techniques on weight gain in premature infants. Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 90 premature infants with an average weight of 1784.3 ± 497 g admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Ali Bin Abi Talib (AS) Hospital located in Zahedan, the southeast of Iran, in 2021. The infants were randomly divided into 3 groups: Cup feeding, finger feeding, and control groups (each with 30 infants). The intervention was performed for 3 consecutive days without interruption, even on holidays for each infant. The amount and frequency of feeding each infant depended on the birth weight and the diagnosis of a specialist. The infant’s weight was recorded before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 using analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired-samples t-test, and chi-square test. Results: The average weight of infants significantly increased in the cup feeding (P &lt; 0.01) and finger feeding (P &lt; 0.01) groups compared with the control group. The highest weight gain was recorded in the finger feeding group (109.55 g), followed by the cup feeding group (65.8 g) and the control group (31.1 g; P = 0.001). The ANOVA results suggested that the finger feeding technique was most effective in gaining weight and achieving independent oral feeding in premature infants.

DESCRIPTION OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS OF PRIMARY CLASS BOYS OF ANDIJAN REGION

The processes of growth and development of the organ system at different ages of the organism are of particular importance. The level of growth is significant, and obvious differences in the morphological and physiological indicators of the organism are noticeable at the junior school age. It is of great importance to study some indicators of morphological physical development and health indicators of elementary school boys. In this article, the indicators of physical development of primary school children of the 5th general school in Kurgantepa district of Andijan region were taken and statistically analyzed. Based on the obtained results, relevant suggestions and conclusions are given.