As conventional physical activity contexts are often male-dominated, cis-heteronormative, and uphold narrow Western beauty ideals, they contribute to the stigmatization and exclusion of LGBTQIA+ individuals. Queer women may be particularly at risk, as they report the lowest rates of physical activity participation, compared to other LGBTQIA+ groups. To address this equity concern in physical activity, this study explored the relationship between queer women's body image and physical activity experiences. Participants (N = 70) engaged in virtual focus groups discussing their lived experiences and intersections of queer identity, body image, and physical activity. Using reflexive thematic analysis, four themes were identified to illustrate their experiences: The Queer Woman's Body is Political; (in)Visibility of Sexual and Gender Identity in Physical Activity; Hypervigilance to Maintain Safety and Avoid Gender-Based Violence; and Longing for Spaces that Foster Safety, Belonging, and Connection. Participant narratives illustrated the nuanced ways in which body image, gender, and sexuality marginalization intersect to shape physical activity engagement and experiences. This research underscores the urgent need for inclusive, queer affirming physical activity environments that prioritize psychological safety, belonging, and social connection, to support sustained participation and positive experiences.

The Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS) began in 2002 as a longitudinal prospective adoption study of birth parents, adoptive parents, and adopted children (n = 361 adoptees). It expanded in 2007 to include a second cohort of adoptees (n = 200), and a third cohort of siblings (siblings reared by the birth mother at age 7 [n = 217 siblings in 2013] and additional siblings in both birth and adoptive family homes [n = 881 siblings in 2016]). Data are available in a national repository within the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) study and have been integrated into analyses with national and international cohorts. Birth and adoptive families were originally enrolled through a systematic recruitment approach that began with efforts to partner with all domestic adoption agencies in specific regions of the United States following the birth of a child. Longitudinal assessments are ongoing and occurred in 9-month intervals until the adoptees turned 3 years of age, and in 1- to 2-year intervals thereafter to age 21. Data collection includes child temperament, cognition, behavior, and physical health; birth and adoptive parent personality, mental and physical health, context, parenting, and marital relations; the prenatal environment; genetic, hormonal, and cardiovascular data; and geocoding. A unique aspect of the adoption-sibling design is its ability to detect environmental influences on development and test complex interactions and correlations between genetic, prenatal, and postnatal environmental influences on a range of outcomes. The sample and procedures are described, followed by an overview of multicohort findings and opportunities for integration with other registries.

Playing with spatial toys is associated with increased spatial skills, which are important for success in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Past research on spatial play has focused on physical toys, but digital games that require spatial thinking are increasingly popular, with limited research examining how children and their parents engage with them. The present study aimed to address these gaps by examining how play context impacts mothers' and children's spatial talk and mothers' use of scaffolding behavior, specifically question-asking. Mother-child dyads (N = 60, M = 71.3 months, SD = 7.4 months, 30 female) coplayed with digital spatial games and matched physical toys across two sessions. The digital games included tangram puzzles (Dragon Shapes app) and block-building (Minecraft app), and physical toys were designed to match the digital games. During digital play compared to physical play, mothers and children spoke fewer spatial words, used different spatial language types, and mothers asked fewer questions, including pedagogical questions that aim to promote learning. Further analyses examined the dimensionality of the activities and children's prior play experiences. In an increasingly digital world, it is important to understand how spatial play, whether in physical or digital form, impacts children's spatial development. By demonstrating how mothers and children change their behavior between digital and physical play, this study adds to the growing research on how parents can support their children's engagement with and learning from digital technology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

"You can just be in your body how it is": Queer embodiment and resistance in physical activity.

Blood Pressure Assessment Across the Lifespan: Improving Clinical Research and Clinical Practice: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop Report.

Irregular migration has become a major humanitarian challenge, with thousands of preventable deaths occurring annually along global migration routes. Using data from the International Organization for Migration’s Missing Migrants Project, this study analyzes 8,819 migration-related incidents resulting in 24,078 irregular migrant deaths worldwide between 2014 and 2021. Examining both total fatalities and deaths per incident, the analysis reveals that drowning and suffocation account for the vast majority of deaths, particularly along sea-based routes, whereas fatalities linked to preexisting health conditions are relatively rare. Children experience the highest average deaths per incident, and women face elevated risks in maritime crossings. Mortality is most concentrated in the Mediterranean, Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. These patterns demonstrate that irregular migrant mortality is not primarily driven by individual vulnerability but is systematically produced by the hazardous physical and institutional contexts of irregular migration, including route choice and transport modalities. The findings underscore the need for geographically targeted interventions that address structural risk conditions rather than focusing solely on migrant characteristics.

To analyse the comfort needs of patients following renal transplantation, guided by Kolcaba's Theory of Comfort. A qualitative design was employed. This study was conducted at a Brazilian university hospital's renal transplant outpatient clinic. Forty-six post-transplant patients were purposively sampled by age, transplant time and clinic attendance. Face-to-face interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and conducted using a semi-structured script. Data were analysed through thematic content analysis, guided by Kolcaba's Comfort Theory and relevant literature. Participant narratives were categorised according to the contexts outlined by Kolcaba's Theory of Comfort: Physical, Environmental, Sociocultural and Psychospiritual. In the physical context, pain was identified as a major factor diminishing comfort after renal transplantation. In the environmental context, elements such as light, odour, sound, temperature and uncomfortable furnishings contributed to discomfort. In the sociocultural context, family support was highlighted as essential. In the psychospiritual context, religiosity played a key role in enhancing the comfort of transplant recipients. Spirituality, strengthened social support networks and non-pharmacological comfort measures are essential for promoting comfort among patients following renal transplantation. These findings underscore the importance of integrated care approaches that address physical, emotional and social aspects to improve quality of life for this population. Conceptual models in nursing provide a critical perspective for care and support the delivery of effective, evidence-based interventions. By identifying the multidimensional comfort needs of post-renal transplant patients, this study informs the development of targeted, holistic strategies for nursing and multidisciplinary practice in outpatient settings. This study examined the multidimensional comfort needs of post-renal transplant patients and found that comfort is shaped by physical, environmental, sociocultural and psychospiritual factors. The results may guide global nursing and multidisciplinary outpatient care by informing integrated approaches that enhance the quality of life of transplant recipients. This study was reported according to the COREQ framework. No patient or public contribution.

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) remains a common physiological consequence of eccentric exercise that can disrupt physical performance, learning continuity, and injury prevention efforts in school-based physical education. This study aimed to enhance the standardized knowledge and practical skills of Physical Education (PE) teachers in managing muscle pain through the implementation of an E-Learning Sports Massage Module. A community-based experimental intervention was conducted involving 37 PE teachers who were active members of the Physical Education Teacher Working Group (KKG PENJASKES) in Sidoarjo District, Indonesia. The study employed a pretest–posttest design to evaluate changes in teachers’ theoretical understanding and practical competence in sports massage techniques for post-exercise recovery. The digital module was delivered through an interactive web-based platform integrating structured textual explanations, anatomical illustrations, and high-definition video tutorials covering standardized massage procedures across seven major body regions. Data were collected using validated knowledge tests and performance-based skills assessments administered before and after the intervention. The results revealed a substantial and statistically significant improvement in both cognitive and psychomotor outcomes following the implementation of the e-learning module. Teachers demonstrated enhanced ability to identify DOMS symptoms, apply appropriate massage pressure and sequencing, and perform evidence-based recovery techniques more effectively. These findings indicate that digital-based sports massage training is an effective strategy for strengthening professional competence among PE teachers. The study provides empirical support for integrating e-learning into sports science training to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Furthermore, the proposed module offers a sustainable, accessible, and scalable model for muscle pain management and injury prevention within school-based physical education contexts.

Students with disabilities (SWD) face higher risks of obesity and lower physical activity (PA) levels compared to students without disabilities (SWOD). Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs (CSPAP) aim to provide equal PA opportunities for all students, yet activity differences in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among SWD in secondary schools remain understudied. This study measured MVPA levels and environmental factors throughout the school day and during three CSPAP components-Physical Education, before-school PA, and lunchtime recess-using activity monitors and observation tools. Participants included 124 students in grades 6-8 (33 SWD). SWD were significantly less active than SWOD during the school day, Physical Education, and recess, but not during before-school PA. Statistical analyses identified disability status, Physical Education enrollment, and environmental factors, such as organized activities and equipment availability, as important predictors of MVPA across different settings. Creating organized, inclusive, and well-equipped PA environments is essential for reducing MVPA differences between student groups. Results emphasize the need for school health policies ensuring equal access to quality PA opportunities for all students. SWD are less physically active than SWOD during Physical Education and other school-based PA opportunities.

The task of dynamic graph link prediction is to forecast the evolution of complex systems. Empirical observations reveal that interactions within these systems exhibit an Entangled Spatio-Temporal Pattern, which manifests through three interrelated phenomena, namely Latent High-Order Bridges, Multi-Frequency Temporal Dynamics, and Spatio-Temporal Entanglement, with stronger structural ties facilitating tolerance for longer temporal gaps. However, limited by computationally prohibitive multi-hop sampling or inefficient long-sequence modeling, existing methods struggle to capture this complex pattern. Inspired by State-Space Models (SSMs) like Mamba for efficient long-range modeling yet aiming to address their native agnosticism to structural and multi-frequency dynamics, we propose a framework named DyGHydra, which couples a tailored Continuous-Time Hierarchical Mamba (CT-HMamba) backbone with a multi-hop structural encoder. The framework first employs the multi-hop structural encoder to reveal latent high-order interactions, extracting interaction-level cross-hop features. Subsequently, the CT-HMamba backbone utilizes these features to address multi-frequency dynamics through a hierarchical architecture, decomposing interaction history to simultaneously model high-frequency bursts and long-term trends. To capture the spatio-temporal entanglement, CT-HMamba further tailors its core state-space mechanism to be co-driven by physical time and structural context. Specifically, physical time governs the state transition decay to reflect temporal forgetting, while structural context modulates the input-output projections to prioritize topologically significant events. Extensive experiments on eleven real-world datasets show that DyGHydra achieves state-of-the-art performance across most settings for both transductive and inductive link prediction, validating its effectiveness in modeling complex temporal dynamics with superior efficiency.

ABSTRACT The translation of onomatopoeia from one language to another requires the careful consideration of contextual factors. Previous studies have noted the possible effects of context on the translation or interpretation of onomatopoeia in manga. However, the literature contains relatively few descriptions of specific contextual factors. This study aims to analyse contextual factors that led to gitaigo, a type of Japanese onomatopoeia that describes states or actions, in Japanese manga being translated into both sound words and descriptive words in English versions. From an initial dataset consisting of 1000 onomatopoeia extracted from three different popular manga, 30 different gitaigo (215 instances) which showed a variation in translation were identified. The context was then carefully examined for each occurrence to analyse if and what factors contributed to variation in translation. As a result, two contextual factors were identified: physical context (differences in actions) and objectual context (differences caused by the presence of objects). Additionally, one contextual factor that was identified in a previous study, reactional context (differences in the type of reactions), was also found in this study. Finally, the analysis showed that context affects the translation of certain gitaigo, which are usually translated into sound words or descriptive words, to be translated into the other type. The findings of the study have provided a clearer understanding of how gitaigo are translated into English and insight into the way that images and text interact when manga are translated.

Physical Education (PE), as a psychoeducational context, plays a central role in understanding adolescents' engagement in physical activity and sedentary behavior. This study aimed to examine the associations between psychosocial variables related to the PE experience and levels of physical activity both within PE and during leisure time, as well as recreational screen time among adolescents in Quito, Ecuador. A cross-sectional sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative evidence. The quantitative sample included 5,515 students aged 12-18 years from 11 public, publicly funded private, and private schools in urban and rural areas. The qualitative component consisted of six student focus groups and one teacher focus group. Measures included physical activity, screen time, motivational orientation, situational intrinsic motivation in PE, self-esteem, motor self-efficacy, and perceived autonomy support. Analyses comprised descriptive statistics, sex-based comparisons, and Spearman correlations, complemented by thematic analysis of qualitative data. Results indicated that 29% of adolescents did not comply with the 2-h daily threshold for recreational screen time (95% CI: 27.80-30.20), with non-compliance increasing with age and being more prevalent among girls than boys. Bivariate associations revealed a small positive relationship between self-efficacy and leisure-time physical activity (rho = 0.050), whereas situational intrinsic motivation in PE showed a small negative association. Qualitative findings confirmed and extended these patterns, highlighting that screen time competes with academic demands and leisure, and that perceived competence and pedagogical climate are key factors shaping motivation and participation. Overall, the findings underscore the relevance of psychosocial factors within PE, while emphasizing the role of contextual and structural conditions in shaping adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behavior. These results support the need for gender-sensitive and context-responsive school-based interventions to promote active lifestyles.

Coastal wetlands provide essential ecosystem services but continue to decline globally, driving demand for effective restoration. Managed realignment, which relocates sea defenses landward to reinstate tidal exchange, is a key nature-based solution for creating self-sustaining wetlands. However, unpredictable restoration outcomes highlight the need for a framework to understand the underlying physical drivers and prioritize sites. Using four decades of satellite data from 69 global sites, we show that over 80% of the restoration projects maintained or expanded wetlands. These trajectories are primarily shaped by regional sediment supply, local tide-relative elevation, and internal tidal creek connectivity. Extending this framework globally, we estimate about 920 square kilometres of wetlands lost since the 1990s could be restored under current physical conditions. Recoverable areas in Asia, the Americas, and Europe exceed the 30% target of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. By linking outcomes to multi-scale physical contexts, our results provide a framework for prioritizing restoration and advancing global biodiversity and climate goals.

Drawing on social cognitive theory, this study examined the moderating role of narcissism in the relationships among motivation, peer interaction, and social loafing in college physical education settings. A total of 454 college students from Taiwan and China completed measures assessing motivation in physical education, peer interaction, narcissistic personality traits, perceived exertion during a team task, and cardiovascular fitness performance. Social loafing was operationalized using perceived exertion in conjunction with fitness performance. Moderated hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the interaction effects, followed by simple slope analyses to probe significant interactions. Bivariate analyses indicated that narcissism was positively associated with motivation, positive peer interaction, and perceived exertion during team tasks. Moderated regression analyses revealed that narcissism significantly moderated the relationships between motivation, positive peer interaction, and social loafing. Specifically, the strength of the associations between motivation, positive peer interaction, and perceived exertion differed across levels of narcissism. Negative peer interaction was associated with poorer cardiovascular fitness performance. These findings suggest that narcissism functions as a conditional factor shaping how motivational and social processes translate into individual effort in team-based physical education contexts. Rather than exerting a uniform effect, narcissism alters the strength of the associations among motivation, peer interaction, and social loafing. The results underscore the importance of considering personality traits when designing instructional strategies to reduce social loafing and promote active engagement in physical education.

The rapid expansion of digital technologies has significantly increased the use of online learning in higher education, including in physical education courses. However, the effectiveness of online physical education largely depends on the quality of the online learning environment that supports teaching and learning activities. This study examines the influence of visualization-based online learning environments on student learning outcomes in online physical education. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed. Data were collected from undergraduate students who had participated in online physical education courses at two Double First-Class universities in China. A total of 680 questionnaires were distributed, and 614 valid responses were retained after data screening. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the relationship between the online learning environment and student learning outcomes. The results indicate that the online learning environment has a significant positive effect on student learning outcomes (β = 0.323, p < 0.001). The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity, and the structural model showed a good overall fit. The findings suggest that stable digital platforms, reliable network conditions, and accessible online course tools play an important role in supporting effective learning in online physical education. These results highlight the importance of improving digital learning environments to enhance students’ learning experiences and learning outcomes in online physical education contexts.

Outdoor time in early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings provides important opportunities for children's physical activity. Evidence is limited on whether different organizational outdoor conditions influence not only activity intensity but also the contextual characteristics of children's movement. An observational study was conducted using the Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in Children-Preschool Version (OSRAC-P). The study was conducted in two public ECEC centers. Not all children were observed across all three conditions due to the field-based design. A total of 7440 observation intervals were analyzed from preschool children across three outdoor conditions (structured educator-led physical activity, outdoor free play, and outdoor free play with additional portable equipment) using a momentary time-sampling protocol (10 s observation + 50 s recording), resulting in one interval per minute. Physical activity intensity, activity type, equipment use, and social context were coded. Contextual differences were analyzed using chi-square tests with standardized residuals, and activity intensity using linear mixed-effects models. No significant differences were found between outdoor conditions in physical activity intensity, sedentary behavior, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (all p > 0.05). About one-third of the variance in activity intensity was attributable to individual differences between children (ICC ≈ 33%). Differences were observed in contextual characteristics. Structured activity involved more locomotor activities and greater adult involvement, with 49.4% of intervals occurring in groups with an educator present. Free play with portable equipment showed more manipulative activities, greater equipment use, and mostly peer interactions without adult presence (55.5%), while free play without additional equipment involved more stationary behavior and activities without equipment (46.9%). Although physical activity intensity did not differ across conditions, the structure, material context, and social organization of children's activity varied, highlighting the practical importance of intentionally combining different outdoor activity formats to support diverse movement patterns in ECEC settings.

The molecular chaperone paradigm has shaped modern views of assisted protein folding, yet it does not fully capture the physical context in which de novo folding occurs in cells. A defining feature of the cellular milieu is macromolecular tethering in cis, whereby nascent polypeptides remain physically linked-through covalent or persistent associations-to ribosomes, lipid bilayers, or pre-folded domains of multidomain proteins. Because molecular chaperones have traditionally been defined as reversible binders acting in trans, this cis-acting mode has remained conceptually underappreciated. Cellular macromolecules, by virtue of their steric bulk and surface charges, can suppress aggregation of tethered polypeptides, thereby increasing productive folding yield. By analogy to colloidal stability, this repulsion-mediated control of aggregation suggests that cellular macromolecules can exhibit intrinsic chaperone-like activity largely independent of whether the linkage occurs in cis or in trans. This property provides a conceptual basis for linking cis- and trans-acting chaperoning. Thus, macromolecular tethering in cis may constitute a built-in layer of cellular chaperoning, distinct in physical linkage yet mechanistically related to conventional molecular chaperones.

Mental health in a digitally fragmented world: Exploring negative and positive associations across spatial contexts and gender.

Humans are uniquely capable of producing highly efficient tools, but the extent to which this capacity depends on individual reasoning abilities remains unclear. In particular, the respective roles of causal and technical reasoning versus cultural transmission in driving technological improvement are the subject of long-standing debate. We address this question by directly manipulating causal and technical reasoning in transmission chains, where participants sequentially inherit and refine prior solutions. Across two transmission chain experiments, participants (n = 900) completed tasks under three conditions: (i) technical reasoning, involving physical tasks and intuitive physics; (ii) causal reasoning, where similar causal structures could be exploited without physical context; and (iii) pure cultural transmission, in which causal structures were removed. We found that cumulative improvement occurred across generations even in the absence of causal structure, demonstrating that cultural transmission alone can drive technological improvement. While causal reasoning accelerated early improvement by helping participants focus on promising regions of the design space, its impact diminished over time. Notably, technical reasoning offered no added benefit over causal reasoning. These results highlight the beneficial yet dispensable role of causal reasoning in the improvement of culturally evolving technology, and challenge the view that improvements guided by causal models depend on domain specific rather than domain-general reasoning abilities.

Purpose : The purpose of this review was to examine and describe the characteristics of sport and physical education-focused interventions that have been implemented in educational contexts to raise awareness toward disability. Method : A systematic review of journal-based literature published on disability awareness sport and physical education interventions impacting on students and preservice teachers was conducted. The article selection process included three phases based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results : A total of 43 articles, spanning from 1992 to 2023, were analyzed in this study. Most reviewed research was from authors in Spain or the United States, and quantitative designs were most often used. Interventions were carried out across primary schools, secondary schools, and university settings, with most research coming from the university setting. Discussion/Conclusion : The results of this review demonstrate an abundance of empirically tested resources that can be utilized within elementary, secondary, and university physical education contexts to help enhance attitudes and self-efficacy toward students with disabilities.