Physical Activity In Relation Research Articles

Physical activity in periods of social distancing due to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey.

Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with poor physical and mental health. The article aims to assess the changes in the habits of the Brazilian participants engaged in physical activities in relation to their practices, due the measures of social distancing during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. The secondary objective was to describe their levels of anxiety and depression. The questionnaire used in this online survey included demographic information, questions about self-perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 in the life routines and the 14-item Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. A total of 1,613 adults completed the questionnaire between May 11 and 15, 2020. Of those, 79.4% reported that the measures to contain the epidemic had any impact on their physical activities, and many had to interrupt or decrease the frequency of their practices. Participants who felt a higher impact of quarantine on their physical activities tend to have higher prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms. Individuals who practiced physical activities reported that social distance had a high influence on their practices. Furthermore, changes in these habits are associated with high levels of poor mental health.

Impact of Physical Activity on Wellness of Students in Private Secondary Schools in Osun State, Nigeria

Sport is an integral part of the formal system of educational process essential for the total development of an individual. In spite of the benefits of participation in physical activities in relation to wellness, it was observed that most private schools in Osun State did not build and maintain sports facilities. The study therefore, examined impact of physical activity on wellness of students in private secondary schools in Osun State. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The respondents were selected from fifteen private schools in Osun State. Purposive, disproportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques were adopted in selecting twenty (20) students per school; with a total of 300 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analysed using inferential statistics of PPMC and multiple linear regressions. The findings revealed that availability of sports facilities had positive correlation with physical activity participation among students of private Secondary Schools in Osun State. Physical activities involving ball games of football, basketball, volleyball and handball jointly had impact on wellness of respondents. Football and handball had relative impact on wellness of students; while basketball and volleyball did not. Physical activities involving racket games of tennis, badminton, squash and table tennis jointly had impact on wellness of students. Tennis, badminton and table tennis had relative impact; while squash did not. It was concluded that, participation in ball and racket games as physical activities jointly had impact on wellness of respondents. Physical activities involving football, handball, tennis, badminton and table tennis had relative impact. It was recommended among others that; the Ministry of Education in Osun State should legislate that all the schools make adequate provision for sports facilities in schools.

Leisure Time Physical Activity in Relation to Mortality Among African American Women

African American women have a life expectancy 2.7 years shorter than that of white women and are less likely than white women to meet national physical activity guidelines. Physical activity has been found to reduce mortality, but evidence concerning African American women is limited. In the Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study of African American women begun in 1995, a total of 52,993 participants who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at enrollment were followed through 2017. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the associations of repeated measures of physical activity with mortality, adjusting for demographic, medical, and lifestyle factors. Statistical analyses were last performed in September 2019. During the 22 years of follow-up, 4,719 deaths occurred. Higher levels of physical activity were associated with reduced all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality. Hazard ratios for walking ≥5 hours per week relative to no walking were 0.69 (95% CI=0.62, 0.77), 0.71 (95% CI=0.57, 0.87), and 0.80 (95% CI=0.67, 0.96) for all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality, respectively. The comparable hazard ratios for vigorous exercise for ≥5 hours per week vs none were 0.58 (95% CI=0.50, 0.67), 0.66 (95% CI=0.50, 0.87), and 0.52 (95% CI=0.39, 0.72). Both walking for exercise and vigorous exercise were associated with reductions in mortality among African American women, including deaths from cardiovascular disease and deaths from cancer, both of which are disproportionately high in the African American population. These findings underline the importance of institutional and individual changes that will lead to increased physical activity.

Abstract PR07: Device-based, objective measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior in a large U.S. cohort

Abstract Physical activity guidelines state that adults should engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity activity per week and limit time spent sitting. Guidelines are based largely on self-reported data of usual amounts of physical activity and sitting time, as self-report is a feasible and cost-effective method for assessment in large epidemiologic studies. However, self-reported survey measures largely focus on moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and total sitting time, and they are subject to various sources of error. The American Cancer Society’s Cancer Prevention Study-3 (CPS-3) is a large, nationwide, prospective cohort of approximately 304,000 participants recruited from 2006-2013. Among 751 randomly selected CPS-3 participants, seven-day accelerometer data were collected at two-time points approximately 6 months apart in 2015/2016 to assess convergent validity of the CPS-3 physical activity survey data. The average number of wear days was excellent (6.6). Vigorous activity (r=0.75) was reported more accurately than light activity (r=0.31); sedentary time also showed reasonable validity (r=0.63). While CPS-3 and other cohort surveys have acceptable validity and are suitable for categorizing participants according to overall activity level, they do not allow for detailed examination of bouts, patterns, or intensity of different activities, especially in terms of measuring light-intensity activity where most active time is spent. Thus, some large cohorts have collected or are collecting accelerometer data on subpopulations to use for calibrating self-reported measures and for examining objective physical activity in relation to health outcomes. We are initiating collection of accelerometer data from a subcohort of at least 20,000 participants. We aim to oversample for men and racial/ethnic minorities as most previous accelerometry studies included predominantly white women. Participants will be sent an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3x) with a brief survey/wear-time log and asked to wear the device for a maximum of seven days during all waking hours. Through a series of prediction models, the CPS-3 survey will be trained against a smaller subset of accelerometer data to improve the interpretability, accuracy, and precision of CPS-3 sedentary time and PA survey data. Associations of accelerometer-based physical activity with various outcomes will also be conducted. Through the quantifiable assessment of activity at different intensities, bout lengths, and patterns, we will be well positioned to understand dose-response of physical activity and sedentary time in relation to health and better inform public health guidelines. CPS-3 will not only add to the growing number of cohorts with device-based measures but also can uniquely contribute to gaps in the research with its younger age range, inclusion of men and women, and geographic as well as racial/ethnic diversity. This abstract is also being presented as Poster A33. Citation Format: Alpa V. Patel, Erika Rees-Punia, Susan M. Gapstur. Device-based, objective measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior in a large U.S. cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Modernizing Population Sciences in the Digital Age; 2019 Feb 19-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PR07.

Physical activity in relation to wellbeing among newly arrived refugees in Sweden

Abstract Background In the light of the growing number of refugees that the world has faced during the last years it is reasonable to suggest that the number with both physiological and mental health needs will raise and result in increased public health challenges. Physical activity with its well documented positive impact on both mental and physical health might be one way for refugees to promote health. The importance of investigating participation in physical activity in this group and the impact it might have on their health and wellbeing cannot be underestimated. Few studies exists in the field and therefore, this study aimed to investigate physical activity in relation to mental well-being, vitality, stress and sleep quality among newly arrived refugees in Sweden. Methods The study was based on the results from a survey, conducted in 2015 - 2016 among newly arrived adult refugees who spoke Arabic, Pashto, Somali or Dari, participated in a mandatory public integration support programme in the Scania region of Sweden and agreed to participate in the survey. Ultimately 681 participants completed the survey (a response rate of 39,5%). Results We found a significant association between physical activity and mental well-being, vitality, stress and sleep quality among newly arrived refugees. Conclusions Newly arrived refugees need to be informed about the importance of prioritising physical activity for their health and wellbeing, regardless of their external circumstances, and supported in their attempts to do so. Key messages There is a significant association between physical activity and mental well-being, vitality, stress and sleep quality among newly arrived refugees. Newly arrived refugees need to be informed about the importance of prioritising physical activity for their health and wellbeing, and supported in their attempts to do so.

Earlier life leisure-time physical activity in relation to age-related frailty syndrome.

frailty syndrome is common amongst older people. Low physical activity is part of frailty, but long-term prospective studies investigating leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during the life course as a predictor of frailty are still warranted. The aim of this study is to investigate whether earlier life LTPA predicts frailty in older age. the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) included older adults (aged 60-77years) from the general population who were at increased risk of cognitive decline. Frailty was assessed for 1,137 participants at a baseline visit using a modified version of Fried's phenotype, including five criteria: weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slowness and low physical activity. Self-reported data on earlier life LTPA were available from previous population-based studies (average follow-up time 13.6years). A binomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between earlier life LTPA and pre-frailty/frailty in older age. the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty was 0.8% and 27.3%, respectively. In the analyses, pre-frail and frail groups were combined. People who had been physically very active (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.23-0.60) or moderately active (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.32-0.65) earlier in life had lower odds of becoming pre-frail/frail than individuals who had been sedentary. frailty was rare in this relatively healthy study population, but almost a third of the participants were pre-frail. Earlier life LTPA was associated with lower levels of pre-frailty/frailty. The results highlight the importance of physical activity when aiming to promote healthy old age.

Accelerometer-measured and self-reported physical activity in relation to extraversion and neuroticism: a cross-sectional analysis of two studies

BackgroundPersonality reflects relatively stable and pervasive tendencies in feeling, thinking and behaving. While previous studies have found higher extraversion and lower neuroticism to be linked to higher self-reported physical activity levels, larger studies using accelerometer-measured physical activity are lacking. This study investigated the cross-sectional associations of extraversion and neuroticism with both accelerometer-measured and self-reported physical activity and the role of these personality traits in possible discrepancies between these two measures of physical activity among Finnish adults.MethodsTwo community-dwelling samples were used in this study: a) 47–55-yr-old women (n = 1098) and b) 70–85-yr-old women and men (n = 314). In both samples, extraversion and neuroticism were assessed by the 19-item short form of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Physical activity was assessed with hip-worn tri-axial accelerometers and self-reported questions. Regression analyses were adjusted by age, BMI and education.ResultsIn the middle-aged women, neuroticism was negatively associated with accelerometer-measured leisure time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (β = −.07, p = .036) and with self-reported physical activity (β = −.08, p = .021), while extraversion was positively associated with self-reported physical activity (β = .10, p = .005). No associations of extraversion or neuroticism with physical activity were found in the older men and women. Older adults who scored high in neuroticism reported less physical activity than what was measured by accelerometers (β = −.12, p = .039). Extraversion was not associated with discrepancy between self-reported and accelerometer-measured leisure time physical activity in either sample.ConclusionsNeuroticism was associated with lower leisure-time physical activity levels and extraversion with higher self-reported physical activity among middle-aged women. Neuroticism and extraversion were unrelated to physical activity among older adults, but older adults with high neuroticism seemed to underreport their physical activity level. The role of personality in the discrepancy between self-reported and device-based physical activity warrants further research.

Everyday bodily movement is associated with creativity independently from active positive affect: a Bayesian mediation analysis approach

Previous (predominantly) laboratory studies reported positive relations of physical activity (or everyday bodily movement) with executive functioning, some even showed effects on creative thinking. Furthermore, positive-activated affect was found to be positively associated with everyday bodily movements and creativity. The mechanisms, however, underlying these relationships are poorly understood. The aim of this study was twofold: Firstly, we investigated whether everyday bodily movement was associated with creative performance. Secondly, we examined if positive-activated affect may mediate the association between bodily movement and creative performance. In a sample of 79 participants everyday bodily movement was recorded during five consecutive days using accelerometers. Creativity in the figural and verbal domain was assessed with performance tests, along with self-reported positive-activated affect as a trait. Findings revealed that creativity, positive-activated affect, and everyday bodily movement were associated with each other. However, positive-activated affect did not mediate the association between everyday bodily movement and creative performance. The pattern of findings argues for shared variance between bodily movement and creativity (fluency and originality) that is largely independent from variations in positive-activated affect.

Physical activity and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

BackgroundPhysical activity has been associated with a significant reduction in risk of sudden cardiac death in epidemiological studies, however, the strength of the association needs clarification. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the available data from population-based prospective studies.MethodsPubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies of physical activity and sudden cardiac death from inception to March 26th 2019. Prospective studies reporting adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of sudden cardiac death associated with physical activity were included. A random effects model was used to estimate summary RRs (95% CIs).ResultsThirteen prospective studies were included in the systematic review. Eight prospective studies with 1193 sudden cardiac deaths among 136,298 participants were included in the meta-analysis of physical activity and sudden cardiac death and the summary RR for highest vs. lowest level of physical activity was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.45–0.60, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.72). The association was similar in men and women and among American and European studies. In the dose-response analysis the summary RR was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.55–0.86, I2 = 44%, n = 3) per 20 MET-hours/week. Although the test for nonlinearity was not significant, pnonlinearity = 0.18, there was no further reduction in risk beyond 20–25 MET-hours/week. The summary RR was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.41–0.81, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.65, n = 2) for the highest vs. the lowest level of cardiorespiratory fitness.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggest that a high compared to a low level of physical activity may reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in the general population. Further studies are needed to clarify the dose-response relationship between specific subtypes and intensities of physical activity in relation to sudden cardiac death.

Physical activity with hindrances: a qualitative study of post bariatric patients’ experiences of physical activity in relation to excess skin

A common side effect after massive weight loss is excess skin. Knowledge about the experience of excess skin in relation to physical activity is limited. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate how post bariatric surgery patients experience physical activity in relation to excess skin. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were performed with individuals who experienced excess skin after massive weight loss after bariatric surgery. The interviews were transcribed, and data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. An overall theme emerged, that the body was still a hindrance for physical activity but now because of excess skin. There were major changes in the participants’ ability to be active after the weight loss, but there were still obstacles and some of them remained from the time when they were obese. The analysis resulted in three main categories containing the participants’ knowledge about, changes in and wishes for physical activity after weight loss, factors that affected the ability and the role of mental processes. The result contributes to increased knowledge about post bariatric patients’ experiences of excess skin in relation to physical activity. After weight loss, the body was still a hindrance for physical activity but now because of excess skin. As physical activity is important for general health, excess skin inhibiting physical activity ought to be an indicator for reconstructive surgery.

Physical Activity of the Population of the Most Obese Country in Europe, Hungary.

Introduction: Physical activity is inversely proportional to mortality, so it has an important role in disease prevention. The aim of our study was to characterize the physical activity of Hungarians, the most obese population in Europe.Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study the physical activity of the Hungarian population was characterized in a sample (n = 1,295) which was representative of the sex, age and geographical location of the adult population aged 18 years and above by using the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) as an instrument. Based on the metabolic equivalent (MET) rates three categories of physical activity (low, moderate, and high) were defined. Two-step cluster analysis was used to explore physical activity characteristics of participants using sex, age, settlement type and BMI categories as categorical variables, and MET values related to the Work, Transportation, Domestic and Garden, and Leisure Time domains of physical activity as continuous variables.Results: The study showed that 63.39% of the adult Hungarian population took part in high, and 24.78% in moderate activity, and only 11.73% of the sample belonged to the category of low physical activity. By cluster analysis six clusters of people with typical lifestyles could be identified in the Hungarian adult population. In all the six groups participants achieved moderate or high activity levels through work and housework. Physical activity in relation to transportation is very low, similarly to leisure-time sporting activities. In the case of elder people, severe overweight/obesity problems can be detected in married city-dwellers.Discussion: Although Hungary has the highest obesity rate in Europe our research has proved that Hungarians lead physically active lives. The dominant forms of their physical activity are linked to work and housework. Our findings draw attention to the need to examine other risk factors in addition to physical inactivity. Our findings also suggest that the type of physical activity should be more severely considered when defining factors protective against obesity.

Abstract C049: The association between breast cancer and physical activity levels by race in a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background: Although the relationship between physical activity and breast cancer is well established, research demonstrating levels of physical activity and breast cancer association among different racial groups is less definitive. It is perceived by the public that beneficial effects of physical activity depend on the rigorousness of activity performed, and within these levels of physical activity, racial differences are observed. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate levels of physical activity among different racial groups, while stratifying for menopause status, and their relationship to breast cancer. Specifically examining incidence and prevalent breast cancer cases, this study examined potential variation of physical activity in relation to time of cancer diagnosis among different racial groups. Methods: A cohort of 26,387 women in the Arkansas Rural Community Health Study (ARCH) was used to evaluate physical activity and its association with breast cancer among different racial groups. Multiple logistic regression (OR, 95%CI) was used to examine the association between breast cancer and intensity, length, and frequency of physical activity while adjusting for confounding variables, such as age and parity. Demographic and weekly physical activity information was reported at baseline. A Metabolic Equivalent of Task score was derived from the self-reported questionnaire data. Results: A total of 1,455 participants were excluded due to insufficient information regarding breast cancer status, race, and menopausal status, resulting in a sample of 23,980 participants. The analysis consisted of 155 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases after the baseline (incident), 2,330 existing breast cancer cases when entering the study (prevalent), and 21,495 noncancer subjects, of whom 78% identified as European American (EA) and 22% identified as African American (AA). Approximately 49% of eligible participants reported being postmenopausal and 51% being premenopausal. A significant downward trend was observed in vigorous physical activity among EA women for incident and prevalent breast cancer (p= 0.002 and 0.04), whereas no clear trend was seen among AA women due to small sample size. Similar trends can be seen in vigorous physical activity postmenopausal EA women (p= 0.005 and 0.002). The beneficial association was not observed among AA women. On the other hand, overall physical activity appears to be positively associated with breast cancer among AA women (p for trend = 0.04). Conclusions: There appears to be a beneficial effect of vigorous physical activity and breast cancer among EA, regardless of pre- or postmenopausal status. However, the effect does not seem to apply to AA women, which could be the result of small number of breast cancer cases in African Americans. The current physical activity recommendations may not be applicable to all racial groups. We may be able to get a better race-specific recommendation regarding the level of leisure physical activity by pooling our data with other studies. Citation Format: Shelbie Stahr, Gail Runnells, Lora Rogers, Pearl Mcelfish, Susan Kadlubar, Joseph L. Su. The association between breast cancer and physical activity levels by race in a prospective cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C049.

1113 Physical Activity Moderates The Sleep-emotional Distress Relationship, But Less So Among Blacks Vs. Whites

Abstract Introduction Emotional distress (ED) is associated with poor sleep. Research shows that minority populations experience greater vulnerabilities to both ED and poor sleep. Interventions such as relaxation training and behavioral therapy address this relationship but are not always successful. Research shows that physical activity (PA) is negatively associated with ED and positively associated with sleep duration. However, it is unclear whether PA attenuates the relationship between ED and sleep, and if this relationship differs by race/ethnicity. Methods We analyzed data from the 2005-2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative dataset of 416,152 participants. ED, hours of PA per day, and average sleep duration were collected. Regression models with covariates (age, sex, employment status, BMI) were used to analyze the moderation effect of PA within sleep and ED. Regression models were stratified by race/ethnicity. Results 261,686 participants (45,926 blacks, 17.55%, and 215,760 whites, 82.45%) responded with the required variables for analysis. 63% of participants reported at least some physical activity. The results of the regression showed that a significant amount of variance in ED stemmed from sleep duration; F (7, 121088) = 1,619.72, p < 0.001. PA was found to have a significant main effect, t(121,088) = 9.01, p= <0.001. There was a significant moderation effect of PA, t(121088) =7.26, p < 0.001. Stratification showed that the moderation effect of PA was not significant among blacks t(121,088) = -1.45, p=0.149 and significant among whites b = -.08, t(101,754) = -7.82, p < 0.001. Conclusion The present study found support for moderation of PA in the sleep-ED relationship. However, it found that blacks do not experience the same benefits of PA in this relationship as whites. Further research should be performed to understand the connection of PA to sleep duration and ED. Support This study was supported by funding from the NIH: R01MD007716, R01HL142066, R01AG056531, K01HL135452, and K07AG052685

The relation of physical activity with fatigue in persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and its potential mediation by physical function or depressive symptoms: the most study

Purpose: Depressive symptoms and impaired physical function are determinants of fatigue in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and these factors are related to physical activity. However, potential causal pathways underlying the relationship between physical activity and fatigue are poorly understood in persons with symptomatic knee OA. We examined the association of physical activity with fatigue and quantified the extent to which the association of physical activity and fatigue could be mediated by physical function or depressive symptoms. We hypothesised that depressive symptoms or physical function would mediate the association between baseline physical activity and fatigue at follow-up in the overall population. We also hypothesised that in people with high levels of baseline fatigue, increased physical activity would be associated with decreased fatigue at follow-up. Methods: This longitudinal study included physical activity at baseline (60-month exam), fatigue at 2-year follow-up (84-month exam), depressive symptoms and physical function at baseline and follow-up from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) cohort. MOST participants were classified as having symptomatic knee OA based on both the presence of radiographic whole knee OA evidence (either in tibiofemoral or patellofemoral joints) and frequent knee pain at either of the two interviews at baseline for this analysis. Exposure was defined as physical activity (i.e., average steps/day) measures by an accelerometer worn for 7 days. Outcome was defined as fatigue measurement using 0-10 visual analogue scale in the past seven days at follow-up. We defined apriori fatigue subgroup using baseline fatigue status cut-off points of no/low fatigue (<4 on 0-10 VAS) and high fatigue (>4 on 0-10 VAS) based on prior research. Potential mediators included physical function measured by gait speed using the 20-meter walk test and depressive symptoms assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) at follow-up. Potential confounders included baseline fatigue, gait speed, depressive symptoms, age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and study sites (University of Alabama or University of Iowa). Mediation analyses were performed with fatigue as a continuous dependent outcome and used bootstrapping method to calculate the bias corrected confidence intervals around the mediated (i.e., indirect) and direct effects with PROCESS in SPSS 23. Further, subgroup analysis of no/low baseline fatigue (<4 on 0-10 VAS) and high fatigue (>4 on 0-10 VAS) was performed. Results: Of the 591 participants with symptomatic knee OA and physical activity data at baseline, only 484 participants with complete fatigue datasets at baseline and follow-up were included in this analysis. The mean age of study participants was 67.3+7.91 years, 60% were women, and majority were white (86%). Average baseline steps/day was 8,044+3,034; baseline and follow-up fatigue scores were 3.54+2.36 and 3.43+2.29. We found no total effect of physical activity on fatigue at follow-up and also found no significant mediation by gait speed (coefficient [coef.] = -0.0057; CI = -0.0179, 0.0011) or depressive symptoms (coef. = 0.0087; -0.0087, 0.0279). In the subgroup analysis, in those with high baseline fatigue, we found total and direct associations between physical activity and fatigue at follow-up (coef. = -0.1101; -0.2153, -0.0048; coef. = -0.1072; -0.2123, -0.0022), where greater physical activity was associated with reduced fatigue if baseline fatigue was high, although no mediation effects with depressive symptoms or gait speed were found for this group. In the group with no/low baseline fatigue, we found no total and direct effect of physical activity on fatigue at follow-up and found no mediation effect with depressive symptoms (coef. = -0.0102; -0.0307, 0.0098); however, gait speed weakly mediated physical activity and fatigue relations (coef. = -0.0129; -0.0326, -0.0004). Conclusions: Our result suggested that neither depressive symptoms nor physical function mediated the effect of physical activity on fatigue in people with symptomatic knee OA. However, in the subgroup with high baseline fatigue, greater physical activity led to reduced fatigue at follow-up. In contrast, for those with no/low baseline fatigue, gait speed mediated the relationship between physical activity and fatigue. In sum, physical function may contribute to the effect of physical activity on fatigue in individuals with no/low pre-existing fatigue while greater physical activity may reduce fatigue over time in individuals with high pre-existing fatigue. In individuals with significant pre-existing fatigue, increasing their physical activity levels may decrease fatigue levels.

Changes in and the mediating role of physical activity in relation to active school transport, fitness and adiposity among Spanish youth: the UP&DOWN longitudinal study

BackgroundLongitudinal changes in child and adolescent active school transport (AST), and the mediating role of different intensities of daily physical activity (PA) levels in relation to AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators is unclear. This study aimed to: 1) describe longitudinal changes in AST, light PA (LPA), moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points; and 2) investigate the mediating role of LPA and MVPA levels on associations between AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points among children and adolescents.MethodsThis longitudinal study comprised 1646 Spanish children and adolescents (48.8% girls, mean age 12.5 years ±2.5) at baseline, recruited from schools in Cádiz and Madrid. Mode of commuting to school was self-reported at baseline (T0, 2011–12), 1-year (T1) and 2-year follow-up (T2). PA was assessed using accelerometers. Handgrip strength, standing long jump and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessed physical fitness. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were measured. Multilevel linear regression analyses assessed changes in AST, PA levels, physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points (T0-T1-T2). Additionally, longitudinal path analysis (n = 453; mean age [years] 12.6 ± 2.4) was used to test the mediating effects of LPA and MVPA levels on the association between AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators.ResultsMultilevel analyses observed decreases in LPA between T0-T1 (β = − 11.27; p < 0.001) and T0-T2 (β = − 16.27; p < 0.001) and decreases in MVPA between T0-T2 (β = − 4.51; p = 0.011). Moreover, changes over time showed increases in handgrip between T0-T1 (β = 0.78; p = 0.028) and T0-T2 (β = 0.81; p = 0.046).Path analyses showed that AST was directly positively associated with MVPA at T1 (all, β ≈ 0.33; p < 0.001). MVPA at T1 mediated associations between AST and CRF at T2 (β = 0.20; p = 0.040), but not the other outcomes. LPA did not mediate any associations.ConclusionsResults from longitudinal path analysis suggest that participation in more AST may help attenuate declines in MVPA that typically occur with age and improve CRF. Therefore, we encourage health authorities to promote AST, as a way to increase MVPA levels and CRF among youth.

Relation of Physical Activity with the Depression: A Short Review.

According to the studies, physical exercise can prove to be a viable tool for the treatment of depressed patients. In the present review, various research studies from the year 2017-2019 were analyzed. Various reviews also confirmed that exercise played important role in the treatment of depression. After study, it was confirmed that structured and adherence to the exercise played an important role in the success of exercise protocol towards the treatment of patients. Conventional methods such as pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy were also discussed. It was also studied that sedentary behavior of patients with mental disorder can affect the patient badly. Therefore, all the studies concluded that exercise can be considered as better tool for the treatment of depressed patients if exercise are structured and protocol are regularly performed.

Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control Analysis on Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have remained the leading causes of global death in the last 16 years which is the cause of mortality of 17.7 million people every year. Nowadays, people live in a time where sitting takes up the majority of their daily affairs. The sedentary behavior for prolonged periods of time can leads to a problem of deadly disease such as heart disease, obesity, and diabetes. In this paper a deterministic model for the effects of prolonged sitting is designed. The model, which consists of three ordinary differentials equations is developed and analyzed to study the optimal control analysis on sedentary behavior, physical activity in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a community. The solutions of the model uniquely exist, nonnegative for all t ≥ 0 with nonnegative initial conditions in R3+, and bounded in a region ΩN. The basic reproduction number which measures the relationship threshold is presented. The model was extended and optimal control theory was applied to examine optimal strategies for controlling or eradicating the new cases of CVD that may be borne due to a life of inactivity. The control measures comprises of education or sensitization u1, living a healthy lifestyle (good nutrition, weight management) u2, and getting plenty of physical activity u3. The impact of using possible combinations of the three intervention strategies was investigated and analyzed. The results of the optimal control model using Pontryagin maximum principle (PMP) revealed that combination of education or sensitization with any other control strategy yields better result to reduce or eradicate the risk of new cases of CVD from sedentary lifestyle.

The food frequency intake and eating behaviours of metabolically obese and non obese polycystic ovary syndrome women

AbstractIntroduction: Normal weight obesity is characterized as regular BMI and excessive body fatness. This type of metabolic obesity may be observed and overlooked in polycystic ovary syndrome women (PCOS), in whom obesity and increased cardiometabolic risk are observed. There are limited data concerning eating habits and lifestyle behaviours of/in normal weight obesity PCOS women. The purpose of this study is to distinguish the food frequency intake and eating habits behaviours of PCOS women characterized by regular weight and body fatness, regular weight and excess fatness and overweight and excess body fatness.Methods: Women with PCOS (n = 149, BMI: 26 ± 6 kg/m2, aged 17–44 years) were divided into three groups according to the BMI and body fatness percentage (FM%): Regular weight and FM% (RW, n = 64), regular weight and high FM% (RWHF, n = 24) and high weight and high FM% (HWHF, n = 61). FM% was measured by air displacement plethysmography (BodPod, Life Measurement Inc, Concord, CA). Anthropometrics included weight, height and waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR) were measured. Food frequency intake and lifestyle behaviours were assessed by Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN, The Committee of Human Nutrition, Polish Academy of Science). To assess psychological factors influencing nutrition, My Eating Habits (MEH) Questionnaire was used. To detect the differences between the groups Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA and Mann Whitney-U tests were used.Results: The results showed that the groups with higher body fatness (HWHF and RWHF) had significantly higher scores of dietary restrictions than the RW group. The RWHF group had significantly lower frequency intake of grains and lower physical activity in relation to other groups. In the group HWHF we indicated the higher risk of eating disorders since scored there higher in emotional overeating section of Eating Habits questionnaire.Conclusion:The differences in body fatness in PCOS women might by driven by eating behaviours and frequency of intake selected food groups. Individual approach emphasized on dietary coaching of eating and lifestyle habits, might be beneficial to body composition management and cardiometabolic risk reduction in PCOS women.

Poziom aktywności fizycznej a wybrane zwyczaje żywieniowe kobiet

The diet of women in Poland is often conditioned by abnormal dietary behaviours. One of the factors determining these behaviours is physical activity. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the level of physical activity and selected dietary habits of women. The study was conducted among 247 women aged 19–64. The study was carried out using the e-Badania portal, with a use of an online survey. The level of physical activity was assessed using the international IPAQ questionnaire (short version). Dietary habits were analysed using the QEB questionnaire. The Chi² test was used for statistical analysis of the test results. The study showed that women with a high level of physical activity in relation to women with low or medium levels of physical activity statistically significantly more often consumed: 4 servings of vegetables during the day, wholemeal bread, oatmeal, a mix of butter and margarine, 5 and more glasses of water during the day and wine. At the same time, women with this kind of activity were less likely to put salt in their dishes and sugar in their drinks. The opposite relationship was demonstrated in the case of consumption: 2 servings of vegetables during the day, pasta, poultry and pork, lard and beer.

Dietary Intake and Physical Activity in Relation to Insulin Resistance in Young Overweight Saudi Females: An Exploratory Pilot Study.

Insulin resistance is a major contributor to the development of several chronic metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is an increasing health concern in Saudi Arabia. Diet and physical activity have been postulated to affect insulin resistance; however, their effects on development of insulin resistance in young overweight Saudi females have not been explored. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate whether diet and physical inactivity increases the risk of insulin resistance in young overweight Saudi females. In a cross-sectional study, 42 overweight female Saudi students, aged between 20 and 30 years, were recruited from King Abdul-Aziz University. A questionnaire was used to collect demographics, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, and food frequency data. Blood biomarkers (lipid profile, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin) were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment 2 (HOMA2)-insulin resistance (IR) scores. A significant difference in median body mass index (BMI) was observed between the HOMA2-IR normal and HOMA2-IR raised index groups (P=0.04). In terms of dietary habits, the insulin resistant group had a higher intake of canned beverages compared with the normal group (P=0.03). No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, or body fat percentage. The lipid profile also did not significantly differ between the two groups. This study demonstrates significant differences in HOMA2-IR-defined insulin resistance according to subjects’ BMI and canned beverage intake. A larger study is needed to confirm these associations.