Terms Of Phrases Research Articles

Understanding Consubstantial Linguistic Terms by Russian Native Speakers

The purpose of this article is to look at how Russian native speakers understand consubstantial linguistic terms. An experimental study was conducted with the participation of 54 respondents engaged in different fields of activities and with different educational backgrounds. All the respondents are Russian native speakers. The questionnaire designed for the experiment contained questions that tested the respondents’ understanding of 13 consubstantial terms. The study shows both similarities and differences in the respondents’ understanding of them. Respondents related to different fields of activities and education have a similar potential for understanding the everyday meaning of the terms. Knowledge in linguistics predictably leads to much better understanding and distinction of the linguistic meanings of the terms. Semantic relations between linguistic and everyday meanings significantly affect the identification of linguistic meanings, in particular, the relations of inclusion, overlapping, coincidence of linguistic and everyday meanings have a positive effect on understanding. Russian speakers use different approaches to interpret the terms (semantic, syntactic and pragmatic approaches). The experiment makes it possible to outline the directions for optimizing the procedure of examining recognition of term phrases by the native speakers in subsequent experiments. In the future, further development of this study can be a theoretical and practical basis for creating a dictionary of consubstantial linguistic terms and a system for their automatic identification, which is relevant to several tasks in the field of automatic text processing.

METALLURGICAL TERM PHRASES AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH

METALLURGICAL TERM PHRASES AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH

Семантика акциональности в аспектах этнополитического пространства (на примере устойчивых оборотов русского и английского языков)

This paper analyses the semantics of set phrases in terms of the ethnopolitical space (geopolitonyms). Phraseological units are studied here from the point of view of constructive (calling for peace) and destructive (resisting violence) actionality. The constructive actionality group represents the metaphorization of prohibition, either strict or advisory, calling for peace through nonviolent means. The set phrases of this group emphasize unity, strength and mutual support as well as a call for conflict suspension. The group of destructive actionality demonstrates aspects of confrontation aimed to prevent an adversary’s aggression. The set phrases of this group express confrontation, opposition and readiness for self-defence. Having analysed the set phrases, the authors identified the component modification of the specific reflection of reality during ethnopolitical processes. This modification reflects the national factor and the worldview of a people. In the course of ethnopolitical activity, the identified types of metaphorical structures are manifested in slogans calling for avoidance of conflict situations. Phraseological constructive actionality can be found in the settlement of disputes, while destructive actionality, in readiness for stabilization and resistance (through direct clashes) in the current destabilized situation. The main function of such set phrases is avoiding destructive actions, at the same time being able to recode information and carry hidden meanings to achieve certain goals while distracting the subject. By demonstrating actionality of constructive and destructive actions, phraseological phrases are able to exert impact of varying degrees.

Диахронный анализ философского термина “mōrālitās”

The paper explores the origin and semantic derivation of Latin philosophic term “mōrālitās” (“morality”), keeping in mind its generalizing and object-giving function in modern moral philosophy, which is obvious in its derivates in European languages. The semantic derivation of “mōrālitās” is being examined by means of comparative analysis of lexicographical data in three dictionary groups: that of the Late Latin (when the word “mōrālitās” first occurs), of the Medieval Latin (when it enters philosophical lexicon) and that of Early Modern Latin (when the term became widespread and got its modern meaning). To cover the lack of lexicographical information in the latter two groups of dictionaries the study uses Google Books full-text search, which statistically proves, that the term gained popularity only in the first half of 17th century and also gives important clues on the development of its meaning in late scholasticism. In conclusion, it is stated, that semantic derivation of the term in Late, Medieval and Early Modern Latin shares the same common guidelines, namely steady synonymic ties with emerging substantive forms of the adjective “mōrālis” (moral) and term phrases, formed with “mōrālis” and “mōs” (habit, custom). As a result of such a derivation “mōrālitās” came to be highly polysemic term, denoting the very quality of the free and conscious action, its moral worth and the rules to estimate the worth, and the philosophical discipline for doing that, and the subject of this discipline in the same time.

KAZAKH TERM PHRASES DERIVED VIA THE SYNTACTIC APPROACH (BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TERMS)

The research paper discusses the features, structure, and linguistic nature of the syntactically created Kazakh terms on artificial intelligence approved by the State Commission on Terminology. An overview of the opinions provided by scholars and research papers on terminological phrases is given in the paper. Taking into account the criteria underlying the grouping of syntactic phrases and terminological expressions, their similarity and differences are indicated. The correlation of terminological expressions with the syntax of phrases, the definiteness, and preservation of meaning in the process of lexicalization, and the ways of isolation from free and other stable expressions are studied.A statistical analysis of the content of artificial intelligence terms adopted in Kazakh is carried out. It is determined that the number of binary term combinations is greater than that of multicomponent ones, and the number of term combinations is greater than that of single terms. The importance of considering term phrases not only from the lexical-syntactic point of view but also from the morphosyntactic point of view is mentioned and its need for modern linguistic research is mentioned. A number of features that reveal the definition and nature of term phrases are shown, and term names and definitions are offered.

ESTABLISHMENT OF ARGUMENT STRUCTURE IN BALOCHI VERB PHRASES: AN ANALYSIS OF RECIPIENT, LOCATION AND BENEFICIARY THETA ROLES

The present research study aims to investigate, analyze, explore, and describe the establishment of Argument Structure in Balochi verb phrases in terms of the assignment of Recipient, Location as well as Beneficiary Theta Roles in consort with Thematic Relations. The current study intends to see that how arguments are allotted Recipient, Location as well as Beneficiary Theta Roles/Semantic Roles by Balochi verbs. The objective of this study is to explore and establish the Argument Structure and Thematic structure in terms of Recipient, Location as well as Beneficiary Theta Roles/Semantic Roles by Balochi verbs. The assignment of Recipient, Location as well as Beneficiary Theta Roles are analyzed, explored, and described under the theoretical framework of Carnie’s (2006) Theory of Theta/Thematic Roles. Distinguishing between Goal and Location is quite confusing. The Goal is the entity towards which the action of the verb moves. The Location is the entity where the action of the verb is taking place. Theta-Criterion theory declares that a preposition cannot be used to designate a Theta Role but if a noun appears in a prepositional phrase (PP), it receives a Theta Role that is determined by the function it performs in the sentence (Chomsky, 1988; Carnie, 200 7). The data for the concerned research work were collected by means of unstructured interviews from native speakers of Balochi language. The data are collected from natural verbal/oral form of Balochi sentences. The qualitative method has been applied in consort with analytical, explorative, and descriptive research designs (Neuman, 2005; Kumar, 2011; Creswell, 2013; 2014). The analysis also illustrates that a slight morphological, lexical, and phonological modification in verbs become the cause of completely new shape as well as the meaning of the Balochi verb.

ESTABLISHMENT OF ARGUMENT STRUCTURE IN BALOCHI VERB PHRASES: AN ANALYSIS OF RECIPIENT, LOCATION AND BENEFICIARY THETA ROLES

The present research study aims to investigate, analyze, explore, and describe the establishment of Argument Structure in Balochi verb phrases in terms of the assignment of Recipient, Location as well as Beneficiary Theta Roles in consort with Thematic Relations. The current study intends to see that how arguments are allotted Recipient, Location as well as Beneficiary Theta Roles/Semantic Roles by Balochi verbs. The objective of this study is to explore and establish the Argument Structure and Thematic structure in terms of Recipient, Location as well as Beneficiary Theta Roles/Semantic Roles by Balochi verbs. The assignment of Recipient, Location as well as Beneficiary Theta Roles are analyzed, explored, and described under the theoretical framework of Carnie’s (2006) Theory of Theta/Thematic Roles. Distinguishing between Goal and Location is quite confusing. The Goal is the entity towards which the action of the verb moves. The Location is the entity where the action of the verb is taking place. Theta-Criterion theory declares that a preposition cannot be used to designate a Theta Role but if a noun appears in a prepositional phrase (PP), it receives a Theta Role that is determined by the function it performs in the sentence (Chomsky, 1988; Carnie, 200i7). The data for the concerned research work were collected by means of unstructured interviews from native speakers of Balochi language. The data are collected from natural verbal/oral form of Balochi sentences. The qualitative method has been applied in consort with analytical, explorative, and descriptive research designs (Neuman, 2005; Kumar, 2011; Creswell, 2013; 2014). The analysis also illustrates that a slight morphological, lexical, and phonological modification in verbs become the cause of completely new shape as well as the meaning of the Balochi verb.

Body-part terms in the grammar of Igbo

This article examines the grammar of body-part terms in Igbo (Benue-Congo). We present an inventory of expressions used for body parts. The data show that Igbo has a large number of complex terms used for body parts. These nominal expressions involve associative constructions. We further explore the grammar of body-part phrases in terms of how they relate to spatial relations and fixed idioms. In addition to the associative construction which is commonly used in body-part expressions, we documented six other syntactic constructions that are used in body-part terms and expressions.

Two-Sided Matching Decision Making with Multi-Attribute Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets

In previous research on two-sided matching (TSM) decision, agents’ preferences were often given in the form of exact values of ordinal numbers and linguistic phrase term sets. Nowdays, the matching agent cannot perform the exact evaluation in the TSM situations due to the great fuzziness of human thought and the complexity of reality. Probability hesitant fuzzy sets, however, have grown in popularity due to their advantages in communicating complex information. Therefore, this paper develops a TSM decision-making approach with multi-attribute probability hesitant fuzzy sets and unknown attribute weight information. The agent attribute weight vector should be obtained by using the maximum deviation method and Hamming distance. The probabilistic hesitancy fuzzy information matrix of each agent is then arranged to determine the comprehensive evaluation of two matching agent sets. The agent satisfaction degree is calculated using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Additionally, the multi-object programming technique is used to establish a TSM method with the objective of maximizing the agent satisfaction of two-sided agents, and the matching schemes are then established by solving the built model. The study concludes by providing a real-world supply-demand scenario to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method is more flexible than prior research since it expresses evaluation information using probability hesitating fuzzy sets and can be used in scenarios when attribute weight information is unclear.

Head and dependent marking and dependency length in possessive noun phrases: a typological study of morphological and syntactic complexity.

The interaction of morphosyntactic features has been of great interest in research on linguistic complexity. In this paper we approach such interactions in possessive noun phrases. First, we study the interaction of head marking and dependent marking in this domain with typological feature data and with multilingual corpus data. The data suggest that there is a clear inverse relationship between head and dependent marking in possessive noun phrases in terms of complexity. The result points to evidence on complexity trade-offs and to productive integration of typological and corpus-based approaches. Second, we explore whether zero versus overt morphological marking as a measure of morphological complexity affects dependency length as a measure of syntactic complexity. Data from multilingual corpora suggest that there is no cross-linguistic trend between these measures in possessive noun phrases.

Between pronouns and R-expressions: Pronoun-like lexical noun phrases

AbstractWe discuss an empirical study that suggests a finer categorization of pronouns versus lexical noun phrases in terms of their feature valuation. We argue that not all lexical noun phrases have their ϕ-features valued from the lexicon. By investigating Polish politeness markers, we demonstrate that certain noun phrases can have their features (specifically, the person feature) valued in a manner parallel to feature valuation in free pronouns. The proposal thus refines our understanding of the categorial distinction between different types of nominals, and suggests that in addition to known morphological and syntactic variation in the domain of pronouns and lexical noun phrases, there is a more fine-tuned classification of feature valuation types.

Medical terminology in an audiovisual product

Audiovisual translation (AVT) from English into other languages is gaining popularity both in the entertainment and professional realms. Besides language difficulties, an interpreter has to face cultural challenges and a lack of professional knowledge of a particular subject field. This paper examines medical AVT from English to Kazakh. Translation issues in this field have rarely been the focus of linguistic studies, with hardly any studies of the matter with Kazakh as a target language. During the Covid-19 pandemic, it is crucial to be aware of cutting-edge technology and treatment techniques that are available in English. The TEDMED oral report “The Wireless Future of Medicine” made by Eric Topol, a distinguished cardiologist and geneticist, and its voice-over translation provided by the Kazakhstan national bureau of translations were chosen as the material for this pilot study. Continuous sampling was used to select 95 terms and term phrases (T-units) in the source text that were further distributed into eight subject field groups. A standard classification was used to identify the translation technique in each case in the target text. As a result, frequency models were built for both subject groups and translation techniques. Groups related to medical procedures, medical devices, anatomy and physiology were the most frequent. There was a clear correlation between the subject field and dominant translation technique: equivalence prevailed in the fields connected with Kazakh medicine from nomadic times, while in other fields, there was an increase of techniques other than the equivalence.

Analysis of Translation Shift of Noun Phrase In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Novel By Mark Twain

This thesis is entitled An Analysis Of Translation Shift Of Noun Phrase In The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Novel by Mark Twain’s. it has two objectives, namely (1) To Identify the types of noun phrase in terms of its constituent parts are used in The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Novel and (2) To Identify the types of translation shifts of noun phrase in The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Novel. Theory proposed by Catford (1965) about types of Translation Shift and it was combined with theory of Types of Noun Phrase by Quirk, Greenbaum, (1985: 245). The collected data were analyzed by reading the novel and classify the data base on the theory adopted. Based on final result show that the researcher finds 434 data of Noun Phrase found in the novel were Determinative + Head 266 data, Head + Pre-modification 99 data, and Head + Post-modification 69 data. The Types of Translation shift researcher finds 434 data that found in the novel were Translation Shift divided into two categories the first is Level shift its found 52 data and Category Shift is 382 data that divided into four categories the first is Unit Shift 35 data, Structure Shift 279 data, Class Shift 56 data and the last is Intra-system Shift 12 data.

BENTUK LAGU MARS FKIP UNIVERSITAS PGRI PALEMBANG IRINGAN MUSIK FORMAT ORKESTRA

The motto of PGRI Palembang University is that the campus advances with quality. Then a need for faculties to make a stragi in providing encouragement and motivation to the academic community to carry out the tri dharma of higher education. (FKIP) Palembang PGRI University through its highest leadership in the faculty gave a letter of assignment to work on the Mars song FKIP PGRI Palembang University to one of the music art lecturers in the performing arts education study program named Silo Siswanto, M.Sn. Then the Mars song was finished on July 23, 2018 and was launched on July 31, 2018 in the FKIP University of Palembang PGIP judicial event held at the Science Center building at the PGRI University in Palembang. Regarding the form in the Mars song, of course, this song has pieces of melody that are often known by the term phrases or musical sentences that make up the song. while the accompaniment music is arranged in an orchestra format. The formulation of the problem. (1) What is the form of Mars FKIP University PGRI Palembang song. (2) How is the accompaniment of Mars FKIP Palembang PGRI University music with orchestra format. The results of the discussion FKIP march song has a poly metric musical form where the antecedent phrase and consequent phrase do not have the same number of bars for example period C has 9 bars consisting of the phrase d 4 bars and the phrase e 5 bars.Keywords: Song Form, Mars Song, Orchestra

Messiah and Scripture: Paul’s “In Christ” Idiom in Its Ancient Jewish Context.

Messiah and Scripture: Paul’s “In Christ” Idiom in Its Ancient Jewish Context.

CHANGES IN MARI NUMERAL PHRASES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MARI-RUSSIAN LANGUAGE CONTACTS

This article presents the results of a study of the Mari numeral phrases in terms of the influence of the Russian language. The aim of this work is to trace the role of Russian borrowings in the formation of Mari numeral phrases, primarily in the expression of their components, and to reveal other changes that have arisen under the influence of similar phrases and structures of the Russian language. The study was conducted on the basis of the lexical card index of the MarNIIYALI (Mari Scientific Research Institute of Language, Literature and History), which is based on written sources of the meadow-eastern literary norm, namely, its electronic part in the amount of about one thousand author's sheets. During the collection and analysis of material, elements and techniques of the following research methods were applied: descriptive and analytical (observation with the identification of the studied facts in sources, their generalization, interpretation and classification, description), comparative (regular comparison of Mari models with Russian ones for identity and non-identity), comparative-historical (in other cases, indications of the origin of the words), quantitative (counting models of various groups containing Russianisms). According to the results of the research, Russian borrowings may play a role of a head word (3 units in 4 models) and a dependent component (mainly substantive case forms and postpositional constructions, numerals, as well as some pronouns and adverbs of degree in 14 models). 3 models with cardinal numbers as a head very rarely can be represented by phrases with Russianisms in both components. As a result the syntactic units in some models and the models of numeral phrases themselves were replenished, the last ones by 3 units. Also the shifts in the forms of grammatical number of dependent nouns in some models appeared.

LITERARY ARTS IN ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE AS WELL AS THE CASES IN QUR'AN (FUSSILET - AMONG THE SURAHS OF AL-HADID

The Arabic language has been one of the oldest and richest languages in the world for centuries. Arabs have long been recognized in history for their virtues in disciplines such as language, literature, and poetry. Following Islam, the Arabic language has become the common language of Muslims, and individuals with many languages and from various cultures congregated under its roof. These individuals, who were blessed with Islam, placed a high value on the Arabic language and literature to better comprehend the Qur'an and the Prophet (pbuh)'s hadiths. The science of rhetoric including the subdisciplines of maani, bayan, and badi addresses the methods and principles of correctly and appropriately speaking. The science of badi teaching us that the word should be reasonable in terms of phrasing and meaning, appropriate for the place and time it is in, and how to make the word more beautiful is divided into two parts: literary and spiritual arts. The article demonstrates the cases from the Fussilet-al-Hadid surahs and evaluates the literary arts in the Arabic language and literature. The aim of the study is to contribute to the literary comprehension of the Holy Qur'an containing various cases of eloquence and fesahat (fluency).

A. J. Cronin’s Heart In Translations

AbstractMuch of A. J. Cronin’s inspiration for his literary production lies in his own experience as a physician. His most popular novel, which has been debated to be partly autobiographical, is The Citadel, also praised to have brought significance contribution to the establishment of the National Health Service. This paper compares six versions, an English digital edition, three Romanian translations, and a Hungarian one in terms of phrases containing the word heart.

Semantic Analysis of the Term «Digital Security»

The article attempts at the semantic analysis of the term «digital security», revealing the scope of the meaning of this concept on the basis of theoretical and empirical research. The topicality of the problem is determined by the frequency, expansion of the use of the term «information security», which is associated with the phenomenon of the rapid development of digital technologies, and followed by systems to ensure the protection of digital information at all levels – state, corporate, personal.
 The research problem is connected with the insufficiently studied meaning of this term; therefore, the aim of the work was to identify the specific semantic field of the phrase «digital security». The tasks to be solved during the study are its distinction from semantically related phrases and concepts, clarification of the understanding of the term by representatives of target audiences.
 Due to the novelty of entering language lexicographic practice (dictionaries), this term has not yet been fully described, which is of interest not only from a scientific and substantive point of view (legal, informational, communication, multimedia, technological, etc.), but with semantic as well.
 Theoretical and empirical research methods were used in the work: in addition to a thorough analysis of open sources, a survey was conducted of more than a hundred respondents – representatives of target audiences using modern digital technologies and an interactive method of collecting information.
 The study allowed us to conclude that the semantic core of the concept of «digital security» consists of the following meanings: «security of information, digital data, personal information in a digital environment, digital information»; «protection, digital information security»; «Internet security»; «Confidentiality and integrity of information in digital form»; «Security when using digital technologies», «information security in digital networks, information systems», etc. Associations and connotations form the semantic periphery, such as «protection against hacks and hacker attacks»; «storage (security) of data on a personal device»; «cybersecurity»; «awareness of individuals and the population about certain safe ways of working with information», etc.
 The analysis also allowed us to conclude that the term (phrase) «digital security» is stable, it is synonymous in the minds of many carriers with combinations of the noun security with the adjectives information, computer, cyber, electronic, as well as the prospects for enhancing its further existence in the language.

NOUN PHRASES AND THEIR SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS IN ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN LANGUAGE

A phrase is a word or a group of words that may stand as a single grammatical unit. It can be part of a clause or a sentence with or without any specific meaning. Phrases are mandatory constituents of simple, complex and compound sentences. The syntax of Albanian language has an early beginning, but its development is still an ongoing process. The main issues faced by the syntax of Albanian language have been the terminology, definition and classification of grammar and syntactic units. In the syntax of Albanian language there is a constant process of codification, i.e., definition of units and syntactic categories. Our interest here is the definition of the terms word-group, syntagm, phrase and syntactic constituent . On the other hand, the term phrase is well defined in English language. Clear and timely classification of different types of phrases has facilitated syntactic analysis of clauses and sentences. Phrases and the types of phrases are different in English and Albanian language. Apart from the type, the number of phrases is also different. The noun phrase is the most important phrase in both English and Albanian language because of its syntactic functions. While other phrases have more limited syntactic functions, noun phrases may function as a subject, object (direct or indirect object), subject complement, object complement, modifier or apposition. Keywords: Phrases, noun phrases, syntactic functions, English, Albanian.