PHQ-9 Scale Research Articles

Mental health status in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: An online questionnaire study in the southwest Iran.

This study aimed to evaluate Mental Health Status, such as stress, anxiety, or depression symptoms, during the Covid-19 pandemic in healthcare workers at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. This study is an online cross-sectional study conducted on healthcare professionals at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science from November 25, 2020, to March 30 2021. PHQ9 and Kessler collected outcome variables of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress questionnaires. In total, 2552 healthcare workers in 24 hospitals and 212 Comprehensive health centers were enrolled in this study. The mean age of participants was 37.94 ± 8.07 years, and 25.3% were male. There was a significant difference between the mean Kessler and PHQ9 Scale scores on males and females (P< 0.001). Also, the results showed a significant difference between depression, anxiety, and stress and working in the intensive care unit. According to the result of the Kessler scale, 27% of participants had moderate to severe. Most respondents (65.5%) in all professions had moderate to severe mental distress scores according to the Kessler scale. The logistic regression model results illustrated the relationship between depression and anxiety with gender, workplace, support from families, and collogue job satisfaction, and feeling the stress of media coverage of COVID-19 were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The present study revealed that medical and health workers suffer from mental health problems. In this study, up to one-fifth of medical staff had stress, anxiety, or depression symptoms, and more than half had psychological distress. Low educational level, lack of family support, lack of colleague's support, and being a female were the significant risk factors for stress, anxiety, and psychological distress in medical staff.

Construction and validation of machine learning algorithm for predicting depression among home-quarantined individuals during the large-scale COVID-19 outbreak: based on Adaboost model

ObjectivesCOVID-19 epidemics often lead to elevated levels of depression. To accurately identify and predict depression levels in home-quarantined individuals during a COVID-19 epidemic, this study constructed a depression prediction model based on multiple machine learning algorithms and validated its effectiveness.MethodsA cross-sectional method was used to examine the depression status of individuals quarantined at home during the epidemic via the network. Characteristics included variables on sociodemographics, COVID-19 and its prevention and control measures, impact on life, work, health and economy after the city was sealed off, and PHQ-9 scale scores. The home-quarantined subjects were randomly divided into training set and validation set according to the ratio of 7:3, and the performance of different machine learning models were compared by 10-fold cross-validation, and the model algorithm with the best performance was selected from 15 models to construct and validate the depression prediction model for home-quarantined subjects. The validity of different models was compared based on accuracy, precision, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the ROC curve (AUC), and the best model suitable for the data framework of this study was identified.ResultsThe prevalence of depression among home-quarantined individuals during the epidemic was 31.66% (202/638), and the constructed Adaboost depression prediction model had an ACC of 0.7917, an accuracy of 0.7180, and an AUC of 0.7803, which was better than the other 15 models on the combination of various performance measures. In the validation sets, the AUC was greater than 0.83.ConclusionsThe Adaboost machine learning algorithm developed in this study can be used to construct a depression prediction model for home-quarantined individuals that has better machine learning performance, as well as high effectiveness, robustness, and generalizability.

The role of income inequality as an ecological determinant of mental health: A nation-wide multilevel analysis on an Italian sample.

Income inequality, a pivotal determinant of general and mental health, operates through intricate mechanisms at various geographical scales. While established at country or region levels, the impact of lower-level (municipal or neighborhood) inequality remains inconsistent. This study explores the influence of regional- and municipal-level income inequality on individual psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, employing a multilevel data analysis. In a post hoc analysis of data from the first wave of the pandemic (March to April 2020), three hierarchical levels were considered: individual participants, municipalities, and regions. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales, while the Gini coefficient gauged income inequality at municipal and regional levels. The analysis incorporated demographic variables as potential confounders. The study encompassed 21 regions, 3,900 municipalities, and 21,477 subjects. Income inequality at both regional and municipal levels exhibited associations with distress scores, suggesting independent effects. Notably, higher distress scores were identified in southern regions with elevated inequality, despite a more substantial COVID-19 impact in the north. Findings contribute to existing literature by emphasizing the independent impact of lower-level (municipal) and higher-level (regional) income inequality on population psychopathology. The study supports theories suggesting diverse pathways through which inequality at different levels influences health, such as potential associations with healthcare system dysfunction at the regional level and welfare dysfunction at the municipal level. The observed north-south gradient in distress scores highlights the need for psychosocial interventions to alleviate income inequality, especially in historically disadvantaged southern regions. Future research should explore the nuanced interplay between income inequality and various ecological variables to provide a comprehensive understanding of its health impact.

Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Its Correlates among Male Medical Students at the University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia.

Identifying the potential factors of depression among medical students is the first step towards academic excellence and future safe medical practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020 at the University of Bisha, College of Medicine (UBCOM), Bisha Province, Saudi Arabia. Male medical students from year one to year six were involved. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data about students' socio-demographic and academic characteristics. The Arabic version of the PHQ-9 scale with a score of ≥10 was used to identify depression. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the prevalence and correlates of depression. Of the 190 male students enrolled, 26.8% had depressive symptoms, of whom 45.1% were experiencing moderate to severe symptoms. The significantly highest depression rate was found among the second-year students, at 43.8% (OR = 2.544; 95% CI 1.178-5.714; p = 0.018), and the lowest rate was found among year one students, at 8.9% (OR = 0.203; 95% CI 0.075-0.560; p = 0.002). Univariate regression revealed a significant correlation between depression and dissatisfaction with family income, loss of family members, having psychological illness, difficulties in personal relationships, regretting studying medicine, failure in an academic year, a lower grade than expected, conflict with tutors, lack of college facilities and heavy academic load. In multivariate analysis, loss of family members (AOR = 3.69; 95% CI 1.86-7.413), difficulties in personal relationships (AOR = 2.371; 95% CI 1.009-5.575), regretting studying medicine (AOR = 3.764; 95% CI 1.657-8.550), and failing an academic year (AOR = 2.559; 95% CI 1.112-5.887) were independently correlated with depression. The study concluded that medical students at UBCOM experience depressive symptoms associated with various risk indicators. Optimizing the educational and social environment and infrastructure facilities at UBCOM might promote students' mental health and well-being.

Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and depression prevalence in the elderly population in NHANES

BackgroundThe prevalence of depression is increasing in the elderly population, and growing evidence suggests that malnutrition impacts mental health. Despites, research on the factors that predict depression is limited.MethodsWe included 2946 elderly individuals from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 2011 through 2014. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the PHQ-9 scale. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate the independent association between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and depression prevalence and scores. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore potential factors influencing the negative correlation between GNRI and depression. Restricted cubic spline graph was employed to examine the presence of a non-linear relationship between GNRI and depression.ResultsThe depression group had a significantly lower GNRI than the non-depression group, and multivariate logistic regression showed that GNRI was a significant predictor of depression (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that certain demographic characteristics were associated with a lower incidence of depression in individuals affected by GNRIs. These characteristics included being female (P < 0.0001), non-Hispanic black (P = 0.0003), having a moderate BMI (P = 0.0005), having a college or associates (AA) degree (P = 0.0003), being married (P = 0.0001), having a PIR between 1.50 and 3.49 (P = 0.0002), being a former smoker (P = 0.0002), and having no history of cardiovascular disease (P < 0.0001), hypertension (P < 0.0001), and diabetes (P = 0.0027). Additionally, a non-linear negative correlation (non-linear P < 0.01) was found between GNRI and depression prevalence, with a threshold identified at GNRI = 104.17814.ConclusionThe GNRI demonstrates efficacy as a reliable indicator for forecasting depression in the elderly population. It exhibits a negative nonlinear correlation with the prevalence of depression among geriatric individuals.

Assessing depression and anxiety among young adults after epidemics and pandemics: a cross-sectional study in Anyang, China

It has been well established that pandemics affect mental health, yet few studies have been conducted in China regarding this issue following COVID-19's gradual decline and the recent H1N1 influenza outbreak. In response to this research gap, this investigation explores the risk factors linked to depression and anxiety symptoms among young adults in this specific setting. Data were collected via an online cross-sectional survey of 385 young adults living in Anyang city, Henan Province, China, between June 15 and July 21, 2023. Respondents were assessed for anxiety and depression symptoms using the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales. Additionally, to examine the factors that influenced the study, we utilized an ordered logit regression model. Results revealed depression and anxiety prevalence rates of 33.3% and 21.6%, respectively. Several factors were found to increase the likelihood of depression and anxiety among young adults, including gender, age, education status, marital status, and attitudes towards epidemics. Participants' concerns about pandemics and viruses had a significant negative impact relationship on depression levels. Women report moderate to severe anxiety more frequently than men. An evident correlation can be observed between the educational attainment level and the influence of depression and anxiety.

Abstract TP239: Vitamin D and Post-Stroke Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: Low vitamin D levels have often been associated with depression as well as worsen stroke outcomes. With post-stroke depression (PSD) being an important factor contributing to poor recovery and rehabilitation and thereby poor functional outcomes, this study was undertaken to explore the role of vitamin D deficiency in PSD and their correlation with stroke prognosis and outcomes. Methods: A systematic search of eligible studies from PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar were identified. Selected studies were those that met the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4.1. A random-effects model was used to pool the data when heterogeneity was seen and so,results were reported in the standard mean differences within their corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results: Our analysis showed statistically significant clinical depression in the Vitamin D deficient group on the BDIII (SMD= 6.90 [3.32, 10.48]; p= 0.0002) and PHQ-9 (SMD= 3.20 [1.84, 4.56]; p&lt; 0.00001) scales. Of the seven studies, four showed significantly poorer prognosis in PSD patients with respect to NIHSS (SMD=1.54; [0.34, 2.74]; p&lt; 0.0001) and MMSE (SMD= -2.53 [3.79, 1.27]; p&lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: This study shows a significant association between serum Vitamin D levels and PSD. Further studies are needed to explore causal relationships and the effect of vitamin supplementation on stroke prognosis and outcomes in relation to PSD

Subscribers' Perspectives and Satisfaction with the MoreGoodDays Supportive Text Messaging Program and the Impact of the Program on Self-Rated Clinical Measures.

Background: Young adults (18 to 30 years of age) are confronted with numerous challenges, such as academic stressors and peer pressure. The MoreGoodDays program was co-designed with young adults to alleviate psychological issues, improve their mental well-being and provide support for young adults in Alberta during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Objective: The current study aimed to explore subscribers' perspectives and satisfaction with the MoreGoodDays supportive text messaging program and the impact of the program on self-rated clinical measures. Methods: Subscribers of the MoreGoodDays program were invited via a link delivered in a text message to complete online evaluation surveys at six weeks, three months and six months. Program perception and satisfaction questions were adapted from those used to evaluate related programs. Anxiety, depression and PTSD symptoms were respectively assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale and the PTSD Civilian Checklist 5, and resilience levels were assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 26 for Windows utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: There was a total of 168 respondents across the three follow-up time points (six weeks, three months and six months). The overall mean satisfaction with the MoreGoodDays program was 8.74 (SD = 1.4). A total of 116 (69.1%) respondents agreed or strongly agreed that MoreGoodDays messages helped them cope with stress, and 118 (70.3) agreed the messages helped them cope with loneliness. Similarly, 130 (77.3%) respondents agreed that MoreGoodDays messages made them feel connected to a support system, and 135 (80.4) indicated the program helped to improve their overall mental well-being. In relation to clinical outcomes, the ANOVA test showed no significant differences in mean scores for the PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PCL-C scales and the BRS from baseline to the three follow-up time points. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of likely GAD, likely MDD, likely PTSD and low resilience at baseline and at six weeks. Conclusions: Notwithstanding the lack of statistically significant clinical improvement in subscribers of the MoreGoodDays program, the high program satisfaction suggests that subscribers accepted the technology-based intervention co-created with young adults, and this offers a vital tool to complement existing programs.

A prospective research on depression among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) indicates chronic lung disorders presented by a gradually progressive irrevocable bronchial obstruction (progressive restriction of the enforced expiratory capacity in 1 s forced expiratory volume-1) and manifestation compound of recurring bronchial cough and breathlessness. The patient’s life enters into a vicious cycle due to the complications of concurrent depressive disorder. Aims and Objectives: This research was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of despair among COPD patients in an advanced care hospital using a patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale. Materials and Methods: This research was led subsequently receiving authorization from Institutional Ethical Board and inscribed well-versed agreement from the patients in the department of respiratory medicine. The PHQ-9 scale was employed for screening and assessment of despair yielding relevant details. No intervention was administered for the research. The analysis was based on the information obtained from the investigation reports. Results: Reddy et al. suggested the arbitrary classification of PHQ-9 scores: 0–4 indicates negligible misery, 5–9 minor misery, 10 and higher than indicates reasonable to acute misery. In our research, 39 patients scored PHQ-9 score between 0 and 4, 46 patients scored PHQ-9 score between 5 and 9, and 15 patients scored PHQ-9 score 10 and above. Conclusion: The occurrence of depression among COPD patients is significantly excessive so validated screening tool for depression is required in COPD management.

A study investigating how the albumin-globulin ratio relates to depression risk within U.S. adults: a cross-sectional analysis.

The relationship between the albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) and depression is not well understood. This analysis aims to investigate the relationship between AGR in conjunction with depression in U.S. adults. This study analyzed information from 31,363 individuals collected by NHANES during the years 2005 to 2018. The PHQ-9 scale was employed to gauge depression, where a score of 10 or above signified depression. Weighted multivariable logistic modeling along with smooth curve fitting were applied to explore the AGR-depression connection. To confirm our findings, we carried out sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and interaction tests. After adjusting for confounding variables, a higher AGR is associated with a lower risk of depression (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47-0.79). Dividing AGR into quartiles revealed that participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of AGR had a markedly lower risk of depression than those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.53-0.77). Using smooth curve fitting, we suggested a possible linear inverse association connecting AGR with depression. Further subgroup and sensitivity analyses supported these findings, although factors such as diabetes and hypertension might influence the relationship. Our findings indicate that elevated AGR levels correlate with a lower risk of depression. The findings suggest AGR as a potential biomarker for depression screening and prevention. Further studies are required to determine causality and clarify the mechanisms between AGR and depression.

Risk factors for severe dysmenorrhea in Arab women: A focus on war displacement and mental health outcomes.

Dysmenorrhea is wide spread gynecological disorder among that affect the quality of life of women world wide. The current study aims to examine whether war displacement, mental health symptoms, and other clinical factors are associated with dysmenorrhea severity. This is a cross-sectional case-control study recruiting two groups: displaced Syrian women and un-displaced local Jordanian women. Demographics and clinical details were recorded. The severity of dysmenorrhea was assessed using WaLIDD scale, the PHQ-9 scale was emplyed to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety was assessed using the GAD-7 scale, and insomnia was assessed using the ISI-A scale. Predictors of severe dysmenorrhea in females using multivariate binary logistic regression. Out of 808 of the total participants, 396 (49%) were Syrian displaced war refugees, 424 (42.5%) reported using paracetamol, 232 (23.2%) were using NSAIDs, and 257 (25.9%) using herbal remedies. Severe dysmenorrhea was associated with war displacement (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.49-3.08, p < 0.001), not using NSAIDs (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.91-3.95, p < 0.001), not using herbal remedies (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.13-3.60, p = 0.01), depression (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.40-3.29, p < 0.001), and insomnia (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.14-2.42, p = 0.009). War displacement, type of analgesic, depression, and insomnia are risk factors for severe dysmenorrhea.

DEPRESSIVE RESPONSES TO SOCIO-POLITICAL SHOCK: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS ONE YEAR POST UKRAINE-RUSSIA CONFLICT

The persistent recurrence of armed conflicts throughout human history has inflicted immeasurable suffering and loss. While some societies have successfully fostered peace and cooperation, others remain ensnared by protracted conflict. This disparity raises a fundamental question: What factors contribute to the ability of certain groups and nations to sustain cooperation, while others grapple with recurring violence and strife? The ongoing conflict in Ukraine serves as a poignant exemplar of this global quandary, casting its shadow not only over the Ukrainian population but also over neighbouring countries. Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which commenced in February 2022, is widely regarded as the largest military offensive in Europe since the Second World War. Beyond the tangible destruction wrought by war, it has inflicted profound psycho-emotional trauma upon the affected populace. However, the Ukraine conflict engenders broader questions about the psychological repercussions of war, encompassing not only those directly embroiled in the conflict but also the wider regional population. Lithuania, by virtue of its geopolitical proximity, stands directly exposed to the repercussions of this conflict. Yet, it is not solely the unpredictable actions on the ground that evoke fear and anxiety but also the ominous rhetoric, exemplified by former Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov's assertion that "if Ukraine falls, the Baltic countries will be next." Such pronouncements reverberate in society, eliciting a spectrum of reactions characterized by anxiety, uncertainty regarding the future, stress, depression, and feelings of hopelessness. In many instances, these psychological afflictions extend their reach to manifest as physical health issues, such as insomnia, high blood pressure, or even heart attacks. While economic policies strive to mitigate the impact of rising inflation, it remains imperative to address the psychological well-being of the Lithuanian populace. This study thus aims to elucidate the changing levels of depression within the Lithuanian population before the outbreak of the Ukraine conflict, during its course, and one year following its initiation. Through this comprehensive investigation, we seek to discern the pressing necessity for psychological support, as indicated by the PHQ-9 scale's threshold values.

Psychological responses and factors associated with depression and anxiety in entry personnel under quarantine during pandemic in China.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted critical concerns surrounding mental health. Social isolation measures, such as the quarantine of incoming travelers, are essential public health strategies for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. However, quarantine can lead to adverse psychological outcomes, including feelings of confinement, boredom, perceived scarcity of supplies and information, financial hardship, and social stigma. This study aims to assess the mental states of quarantined individuals, investigate the factors affecting their mental well-being, and examine their coping mechanisms, with the objective of providing recommendations to enhance mental health in anticipation of future outbreaks, such as Disease X. We surveyed 327 individuals in quarantine from September 22, 2020 to January 9, 2021, collecting general demographic data and information related to COVID-19. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales, respectively, while stress coping was evaluated with a simplified version of the Cope scale. We analyzed the relationships between independent variables and mental health outcomes. Among the individuals undergoing entry quarantine, 27.8% reported symptoms of depression, and 20.5% reported symptoms of anxiety. Students were more likely to experience depression compared to those with permanent jobs or no occupation. Significant risk factors for both depression and anxiety included pre-existing health conditions, lack of medical insurance, concerns about shortages of daily necessities during quarantine, and high scores for "guilt and self-blame." Additionally, participants who worried about the impact of the epidemic on their studies or work, and those with high scores for "denial," were more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms. On the other hand, participants who were concerned about potential rejection or discrimination from the outside world after quarantine were more prone to anxiety symptoms. Attention should be paid to the negative psychological reactions of the entry quarantined personnel, especially those with pre-existing health conditions, those without medical insurance, and students studying abroad. Accurate and effective epidemic dynamic information and preventive and control measures can be provided to the public to prevent fear and stigma against quarantined personnel.

Mental health disorder in chronic liver disease: a questionnaire survey.

The mental health of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) warrants greater attention and understanding, especially concerning its risk factors. Patients from our hospital's hepatology clinic were consecutively enrolled and completed a questionnaire assessing anxiety, depression, and sleep quality using the GAD-7, PHQ-9, and PSQI scales, respectively. Reliability and validity were evaluated with Cronbach's α and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO). Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk factors, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to explored non-linear associations. Subgroup analyses were stratified by sex, age, and education. A total of 1030 questionnaires were collected, and after quality control, 1003 were included. 56.2% (564/1003), 53.2% (534/1003), and 67.4% (676/1003) individuals had anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. Differences in age, gender, and education level were observed (P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed similar demographic trends. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis found age negatively correlated with anxiety (OR=0.98, 95%CI=0.97-0.99, P=0.02) and depression (OR=0.98, 95%CI=0.96-0.99, P<0.001), but positively correlated with sleep disorders (OR=1.03, 95%CI= 1.01-1.05, P< 0.001); males are less prone to anxiety (OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.52-0.88, P=0.004) and sleep disorders (OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.55-0.94, P=0.02); university degree is more susceptible to depression (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.04-1.77, P=0.02) and anxiety (OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.11-1.89, P=0.007). RCS analysis suggested a linear relationship between the age and affective disorders among different population. Young individuals, female, and those with higher education are more vulnerable to mental health, warranting increased attention.

Factors related to depression in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated at K Hospital during 2021 - 2022

Non-small cell lung cancer is currently the second most common cancer when assessing common cancer and the number of cancer deaths; there are a limited number of studies about depression in lung cancer patients in Vietnam. This cross -sectional descriptive study aimed to describe depression in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated at K Hospital from 2021 – 2022 and associated factors. The study was conducted on 243 NSCLC patients treated at K Tan Trieu Hospital by direct phone call interview and psychiatric clinical examination. We applied the PHQ-9 scale and DSM-5 for screening and confirmed depression, and the SF-12 scale was applied for quality of life measurement. The study found that stage IV disease increased the risk of depression more than 6 times in lung cancer patients (OR = 6.47; p&lt;0.05) and patients with poor QoL in the depression group, in which quality of life of mental health (36.94 ± 5.43) and physical health (41.78 ± 7.17) were all lower than those in the group without depression. Measures to monitor mental health, screen for early detection and treatment interventions, and improve quality of life are the top priorities to reduce the risk of depression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Prevalence of Depression and Burnout among Family Medicine Residents in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

The mental health of healthcare workers, particularly family medicine residents, is an area of growing concern, more so in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. High levels of burnout and depression among these professionals can affect their well-being and patients' quality of care. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and burnout among family medicine residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 213 family medicine residents, using a self-administered survey. The survey included the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 to assess burnout and depression. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participants' characteristics, and regression model was developed to explore predictors of burnout and depression. The mean age of participants was 26.85±1.42 years, and 53.3% were males. The study found a high prevalence of emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) among participants, with mean scores of 21.10±9.38 and 15.44±7.69, respectively, indicating moderate to high levels. Similarly, a high level of personal accomplishment (PA) was reported, with a mean score of 11.46±6.33. Around 10% of participants reported moderately severe and severe depression, with a mean PHQ-9 scale score of 6.03±5.10. Gender and depression severity were significantly associated with burnout (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The study underscores a significant prevalence of burnout and depression among family medicine residents in Riyadh, with notable variations across different demographic and professional characteristics. This necessitates tailored mental health interventions for this population, especially in challenging times like the ongoing pandemic.

Assessing the impact of a comprehensive mental health program on frontline health service workers.

Mental health issues are a growing concern in the workplace, linked to negative outcomes including reduced productivity, increased absenteeism, and increased turnover. Employer-sponsored mental health benefits that are accessible and proactive may help address these concerns. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the impact of a digital mental health benefit (Spring Health) on frontline healthcare service workers' clinical and workplace outcomes. The benefit was sponsored by a national health services company from 2021-2022 and included mental health screening, care navigation, psychotherapy and/or medication management. We hypothesized program use would be associated with improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms, and increased productivity and retention. Participants were employees enrolled in the benefit program, had at least moderate anxiety or depression, at least 1 treatment appointment, and at least 2 outcome assessments. Clinical improvement measures were PHQ-9 scale (range, 0-27) for depression and GAD-7 scale (range, 0-21) for anxiety; workplace measures were employee retention and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) for functional impairment. A total of 686 participants were included. Participants using the mental health benefit had a 5.60 point (95% CI, 4.40-6.79, d = 1.28) reduction in depression and a 5.48 point (95% CI, 3.88-7.08, d = 1.64) reduction in anxiety across 6 months. 69.9% (95% CI, 61.8%-78.1%) of participants reliably improved (≥5 point change) and 84.1% (95% CI, 78.2%-90.1%) achieved reliable improvement or recovery (<10 points). Participants reported 0.70 (95% CI, 0.26-1.14) fewer workdays per week impacted by mental health issues, corresponding to $3,491 (95% CI, $1305-$5677) salary savings at approximately federal median wage ($50,000). Furthermore, employees using the benefit were retained at 1.58 (95% CI, 1.4-1.76) times the rate of those who did not. Overall, this evaluation suggests that accessible, proactive, and comprehensive mental health benefits for frontline health services workers can lead to positive clinical and workplace outcomes.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Contraception Awareness and Mental Well-Being in Teenagers and Young Adult Women: A Three-Year Cross-Sectional Analysis.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, significant shifts occurred in reproductive health, especially among teenagers and young adult women in Romania. This study, conducted from 2020 to 2022, aimed to longitudinally assess contraceptive awareness and its correlation with mental well-being in this demographic. A cohort of 210 participants aged 15-25, with a history of wanted or unwanted pregnancy, was studied. The research involved collaborations with Romanian educational institutions and strict adherence to ethical standards. Participants' data on contraceptive knowledge and practices were analyzed, considering factors like substance use and prior sexual education. Mental well-being was evaluated using the SF-36, WHOQOL-BREF, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scales. The study revealed a positive correlation between increased contraceptive knowledge and improved mental health scores. In 2022, 68% of participants displayed proficient contraceptive awareness, up from 52% in 2020. Those with good contraceptive knowledge had an average SF-36 score of 72, indicating a better quality of life, compared to a score of 58 among those with limited knowledge. Furthermore, there was a notable decrease in GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores among individuals with better contraceptive awareness, suggesting reduced anxiety and depression levels. The SF-36 survey results showed significant improvements across the years: the physical score increased from 52.1 (±6.3) in 2020 to 56.5 (±6.8) in 2022, the mental score from 51.4 (±7.2) to 55.0 (±6.9), and the total score from 53.6 (±7.9) to 57.5 (±8.0). WHOQOL-BREF results showed a substantial increase in the social domain score from 53.6 (±18.2) in 2020 to 63.0 (±20.5) in 2022. GAD-7 scores declined from 7.9 (±2.6) in 2020 to 6.5 (±3.3) in 2022, indicating a decrease in anxiety symptoms. PHQ-9 scores, measuring depression, also showed a downward trend, from 4.8 (±2.2) in 2020 to 3.9 (±2.8) in 2022. These findings highlight the intertwined nature of contraceptive awareness and mental well-being. The improvements in contraceptive awareness positively impacted mental health outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions in this demographic, particularly during global crises like the pandemic.

Abstract 16094: Depressive Disorder and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure

Background According to the WHO 17.9 million people die every year owing to cardiovascular disease. Due to the increase in prevalence, heart failure (HF) is an important public health problem with more than 23 million people; its prevalence is expected to increase 46% by 2030. The presence of depression can affect up to 21.5% patients with HF, deteriorating quality of life with an increase in hospitalization and mortality rates. Aims Evaluate the factors associated with depressive symptoms and quality of life in patients with HF. Methods: Observational, analytical, transversal study with secondary analysis of 153 patients with HF treated in an outpatient clinic, considering baseline characteristics, echocardiogram parameters and depressive/quality of life PHQ-9 and Minnesota scales for univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: There was an association between the compromise of NYHA III-IV vs NYHA I-II functional class with: moderate to severe degree of depression (44,44% vs 24,9%) and impaired quality of life (61.11% vs 26.54%) p≤ 0.001, respectively. Likewise, statin use was associated with less depression (30.23% vs 11.82% p=0.006) and quality of life improvement (32,56% vs 14,55% p=0.012) respectively, this was independent of psychosocial support. Atrial fibrillation had a significant association with depression (p=0.030) and history of cerebrovascular disease (p=0.009). Conclusion: Depression is an important and common comorbidity that often coexist in patients with HF and are associated with poor quality of life. It is important to screen for depressive symptoms in these patients with the goal to provide appropriate treatment and avoid negative outcomes.

Psychometric Properties of Patients' Health Questionnaire Assessed on Obstetric Fistula Patients in Northwestern, Nigeria

Nigeria is among the highest contributor to global prevalence of obstetrics fistula (OF) and weak health care policies and services have left the victims reeling in untold psycho-social and physical morbidities. This study was aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of a globally used Patients’ Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) among these patients. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed to study the fertility desires, mental health and patients’ quality of life among women with obstetric fistula in three selected OF centers in Northwestern region of Nigeria. Using two-stage sampling technique four hundred twenty (420) OF patients were recruited into the study. Maximum likelihood (ML) factor analysis was deployed to produce latent factors from the responses to the PHQ-9 scale, internal reliability and construct validity were determined by Cronbach alpha values while comparative mean analysis was used to validate standardized scores of the derived PHQ-9 scale factors against socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics. Mean age and standard deviation of respondents were 26.4±8.4 years as 60% aged between 20-25 years. The married, divorced and those in polygamous were 45%, 47.1% and 73.6% respectively. More than half (55.5%) were traders while majority (89.8%) earned NGN4500 or less monthly. Three factors of somatic (r= 0.72-0.82; α=0.86), non-somatic (r= 0.64-0.76; α=0.77) and affective (r= 0.64-0.96; α=0.74) constructs emerged from the ML factor analysis. Patients of ages 20-25 years, divorced/single and widows, the formally educated and farmers significantly differed with high scores of the affective construct of the PHQ-9 scale. Those who had more than four pregnancies and greater than a single stillbirth significantly differed with affective symptoms (0.29±0.90; 0.69±0.9 The 15–17-year-olds at first birth and those who waited more than ten years for OF surgical repairs differed with non-somatic symptoms’ construct of the PHQ-9 scale (0.21±1.04; 0.31±0.87) significantly differed with affective factors. The PHQ-9 instrument exhibited possibility of being used to assess the quality of OF patients’ mental health. Future studies could expand the sample size to accommodate advanced inferential psychometric methods.