Photovoltaic Based Water Pumping System Research Articles

A modified invasive weed optimization for MPPT of PV based water pumping system driven by induction motor

A novel approach called Modified Invasive Weed Optimization (MIWO) technique has been developed and combined with the Perturb and Observes (P&O) algorithm to enhance the extraction of maximum power from photovoltaic (PV) panels in the presence of partial shading conditions. The conventional P&O algorithm falls short in extracting the maximum power from PV systems under partial shading conditions due to the existence of multiple maximum points. In such scenarios, optimization techniques can be employed to search for the global maximum point. The proposed MIWO-based P&O algorithm updates the reference voltage to ensure that the PV system operates at the Maximum Power Point (MPP) based on the prevailing weather conditions. This MIWO based PV system is further fed to water pumping system. A PV-based water pumping system is utilized for both irrigation and domestic purposes. Additionally, a sensorless vector control-based induction motor is employed in this study to drive the pump. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the achievement of an efficient PV-based water pumping system without the need for battery storage. Various results based on MIWO are compared with PSO and GWO. The results are presented based on various water pumping applications and the availability of solar irradiance during rapid climate changes. MATLAB/Simulink simulations, along with hardware-based experiments, are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method under both transient and steady-state conditions.

Techno-economic analysis of utilizing a directly-coupled photovoltaic water pumping system for domestic application in Nigeria

This paper presents a techno-economic application of a directly-coupled PV-pumping system for domestic application in some selected rural communities in Nigeria. Four different rural communities were considered in Ogun State, Nigeria and data of volume of water requirement per household per day were obtained through the use of interview scheduled for the rural households. The system is properly sized such that the pump energy requirement is in tandem with the PV-system of the location. Six different submersible pumps of different ratings were considered for this study. The number of PV-arrays, controllers and the tank storage capacities for various pumps were also determined. MATLAB tool is used to simulate the system. The economic assessment of the system, which includes life cycle cost, energy cost of pumps and the cubic meter cost of water were also determined. The result reveals that the life cycle cost ranges from unit cost of energy ranges from unit cost of water per cubic meter ranges from for the various submersible pumps considered. The maximum power and voltage and the efficiency of the PV module selected for the analysis are 250 W, 24 V and 14%. Also, the result also reveals that the proposed system is more cost effective than the conventional public utility water cooperation in Nigeria. The study provides the design and simulation of PV-based water pumping system, which can be used for understanding planning water supply system for rural areas.

Standalone PV-Based Water Pumping System Optimization using Jellyfish Technique

Standalone PV-Based Water Pumping System Optimization using Jellyfish Technique

Whale Optimization Algorithm for PV Based Water Pumping System Driven by BLDC Motor Using Sliding Mode Controller

Water pumping system (WPS) plays a key role in human civilization, including agriculture, drinking, and industrial usage. To decrease the load demand on grid and provide electrical supply to WPS in rural areas, a locally placed standalone photovoltaic (PV)-based WPS is one of the best feasible solutions. Among many motors, brushless direct current motors (BLDCs) are attractive for WPS due to many advantages. However, integrating batteries to WPS will increase the cost and required maintenance, which will not be affordable for farmers. Hence, PV-fed BLDC motor-based WPS without battery is considered and implemented sensorless speed controller with sliding mode controller (SMC) in this article. Generally, power generated by PV systems will be affected by partial shading condition (PSC) and unable to produce maximum availability power due to failure of the conventional perturbed and observe (P&O) algorithm. In order to overcome this condition, a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) has been integrated to the conventional P&O algorithm in this article. A hybrid whale optimization–P&O (WOPO) algorithm can effectively work to extract the maximum possible power from PV during both PSC and normal condition. The results are compared with genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and gray wolf optimization (GWO) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under PSC. In order to reduce the cost of system, the inverter is also working as an MPPT device for the PV system by integrating the WOPO algorithm with SMC of inverter. Hence, an extra dc–dc converter will not be required for MPPT. Extensive results are presented with OPAL-RT to validate the proposed system under both steady-state and transient conditions. In addition to this, dSPACE-based hardware results are also presented in this article to validate the proposed system.

Effects of total system head and solar radiation on the techno-economics of PV groundwater pumping irrigation system for sustainable agricultural production

Several agricultural farms in Nigeria are found in off-grid locations where there is the lack of water supply despite the abundant groundwater resources possessed by the country. Since water is one of the key resources for agricultural production, majority of the farms only resort to the use of fossil fuel-powered generators to pump water for their operations in Nigeria. However, concerns about the frequent increase in fuel cost, the maintenance, and the environmental issues associated with running fossil-fuel generators have driven the need for a clean and sustainable energy source. The photovoltaic (PV)-pumping system is becoming more popular as an alternative energy source of water pumping for irrigation farming. This study presents the effects of total system head and solar radiation on the techno-economic design of PV-pumping system for groundwater irrigation of crop production in Nigeria. It also calculates the quantity of emissions avoided by the PV. The technical design is based on standard methodology to determine the PV capacity that can operate the pump to satisfy the daily water requirements for the crops, while the economic aspect involves the assessment of the life cycle cost and the cost of water per m3. The result reveals that the pump power ranges from 0.158 kW to 0.293 kW and the PV power ranges from 1.90 kW to 3.52 kW for a system head of 10 m and solar irradiation of 5.25 kWh/m2/day, respectively, while the unit cost of water ranges from $ 0.05/m3 to $ 0.054/m3, and the life cycle cost ranges from $ 7004 to $ 12331. This provides insights into the effects of varying the system head and the solar radiation, demonstrating that the PV-pumping system underperforms at higher system heads, but performs effectively at higher solar radiation. This is due to the decrease in the discharge rate and an increase in power output, respectively. The study will be useful for planning PV-based water pumping system for agricultural purposes.

LLC Converter Based PV Water Pumping System with Enhanced User Safety Approach

In this paper, LLC resonant converter based Photovoltaic (PV) water pumping is proposed. Commercially, the available PV based water pumping system consists of a non-isolated DC-DC converter, which is suitable for low power applications but results in a less safe operating environment for human. In the case of PV based water pumping systems, the safety of humans should be the main concern, as these systems are normally being operated by farmers, their families and it may possible that they are not that much aware of operational hazards. Therefore, this paper attempts to present an LLC converter based PV water pumping system, considering human safety as a major concern. The proposed system is simulated in MATLABenvironment and results shows that proposed system configuration has no adverse impact on system efficiency and it enhances safety for operating personals. Presented results can be further exploited for hardware verification as the future scope of this work.

LLC Converter Based PV Water Pumping System With Enhanced User Safety Approach

In this paper, LLC resonant converter based Photovoltaic (PV) water pumping is proposed. Commercially, the available PV based water pumping system consists of a non-isolated DC-DC converter, which is suitable for low power applications but results in a less safe operating environment for human. In the case of PV based water pumping systems, the safety of humans should be the main concern, as these systems are normally being operated by farmers, their families and it may possible that they are not that much aware of operational hazards. Therefore, this paper attempts to present an LLC converter based PV water pumping system, considering human safety as a major concern. The proposed system is simulated in MATLABenvironment and results shows that proposed system configuration has no adverse impact on system efficiency and it enhances safety for operating personals. Presented results can be further exploited for hardware verification as the future scope of this work.

Cooperative control of photovoltaic based water pumping system

In this study, novel control schemes are developed for cooperative control of stand-alone and grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) based water pumping system. Brushless DC motor is used as pumping motor due to its superior characteristics. The cooperative control effectively utilises the available resources. In stand-alone system, control scheme is developed for power sharing among PV pumping units. Assuming some of the PV units have battery, the charging/discharging controller is incorporated. In grid-connected system, flexible control scheme is proposed so that consumer can draw lesser power from grid by running the motor at lower speed instead of rated speed. In case of high PV power penetration into weak grid, the modified perturb and observe algorithm is proposed for sharing of de-loaded power among the PV units. Due to de-loading of PV power, motor speed reduces, hence, speed compensation mechanism is developed to bring back the speed at desired value. As a futuristic concept, consumer can buy power from neighbour instead of taking from grid. To establish above-mentioned concept, control scheme is developed for sharing the power among PV pumping units. The simulation and hardware results are carried out to test performance of the proposed control schemes.

Improvement control of photovoltaic based water pumping system without energy storage

This paper presents a simple standalone photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system (PVWPS) based on an induction motor (IM) without the use of chemical energy storage. The aim of this paper is improving the control performance of pumping system. The proposed method is based on an indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) which consists of operating the motor at optimum flux by minimizing the induction motor losses. Perturb ad observe (P&O) algorithm is used to extract the maximum possible power from the PV panel. The performance of the proposed approach is proved by real time implementation using a dSpace DS1005 system and compared with conventional IFOC without losses minimization. Results show that using the proposed method, the losses are reduced and the efficiency is increased by 12%, 2.5% and 5% under 375 W/m2, 750 W/m2 and daily profile respectively.

Experimental investigation of ridge concentrator PV-based solar water pumping system for small-scale applications

ABSTRACTSolar photovoltaic (PV) pumping systems were found to be used in many countries, but at present, they are expensive due to the high cost of materials. The cost can be reduced by using some optical concentrators such as linear mirrors, lenses, etc. Based on the economy and reliability, the concentrator PV pumping system is suitable for remote and small-scale water pumping applications. In this paper, a single axis monthly tracking ridge concentrator has been proposed as an alternative to reduce the final cost of the pumping system. Certain optical parameters, such as concentration ratio (C), tilt angle (Փ), and trough angle (Ψ), would provide more illumination on the PV region, where the panels are located. In this system, the entire tracking can be reduced into a single axis monthly tilt (Փ) according to the latitude and the declination of the location. The usage of ridge wall with optimum trough angle causes an increase in the receiver irradiation (Irec) and thus the gain in terms of water volume while pumping. The optimum trough angle was simulated by TracePro model and the shading analysis and characteristic curves were obtained using the PVSyst software. In this work, the entire system was experimentally tested using the maximum power extraction system controller fed inverter and battery-coupled configuration mode. The gains in power and pumped water volume with various tilting, with and without concentrator against fixed system with various solar radiations, were absorbed. As a result, the concentration ratio on PV module at 60° trough angle increased the optical efficiency and produced better water volume during the peak noon condition. The results indicated the V–I characteristics on the ridge concentrator PV surfaces with optimum tilt as significantly greater than those on normal module. There was an increase in electrical power gain up to 10.2%, 19.03%, 23.10%, and 47.89% for single X, single X with tilt, double X, and double X with tilt, respectively, compared with a fixed panel. The ridge concentrator with double X reflector coupled with battery had less charging of 6.8 h compared to the reference panel. This mode produces maximum flow rate of 37.5 L/min at peak isolation condition.

Pv based water pumping system for agricultural sector

In this paper evaluates ways in which can be made efficient water pumping system based on photovoltaic (PV). Battery is incorporated to makes system more reliable. There will be increasing of interest and needs in PV system applications following standard of living improvements will be there due to continuous decreasing of solar cells cost. In both agriculture and domestic, water pumping system powered by solar-cell generators are one of the most important applications. To entrains the pump through control action of motors by developing new efficient and flexible modes, this can be done by considering the solar energy fluctuation and solar energy optimizing necessities. Photovoltaic-battery hybrid system feds the vector control of an asynchronous motor, this vector control is discussed in this paper .PV generator, converter of DC-DC, battery, converter of DC-AC,an induction motor controlled by a vector and the centrifugal pump are investigated in this paper. By perturbed and observe (P & O) algorithm which integrated with boost converter control, a PV generator can be operated at maximum power. At all isolation conditions, the motor supply is also ensured. The effectiveness and feasibility of this approach is shown by the simulation results. Extensive results are presented based on MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Optimum MPPT Technique for the PV based Field Oriented Control of Induction Motor Feeding Centrifugal Pump

Objectives: To develop and analyze isolated photovoltaic based water pumping system employing Field Oriented Controlled (FOC) three-phase squirrel cage Induction Motor (IM) which in turn is used to run the centrifugal pump. To extract the maximum power from the solar panel during all conditions, Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) has to be implemented. Method/Analysis: FOC-IM of 5th order differential equations have been solved using Runga Kutta Method for integration with dq axis in rotor reference frame in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The two MPPT techniques are based on calculations of the instantaneous values of the voltage and current of the PV cell. The Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique is based on the value of perturbation and the Incremental Conductance (INC) technique is implemented using the value of the Incremental Conductance. Findings: The power generation from various renewable energy sources is becoming popular because of greater efficiency and depletion of non renewable energy sources. In this paper, an isolated photovoltaic based model is considered which can be suitable for the remote areas where there is no grid connectivity. From the exhaustive study of literature, it is found that very few authors have worked on induction motor and that too employing FOC for PV based model. The characteristics of the Induction Motor are such that it draws high inrush current at starting. The peak power ratings of the inverters and converters depend on this starting current in such finite PV based sources. This ultimately leads to the high cost of the whole system. The analysis to this problem has not been discussed yet, which is an important concern in the field of PV based electric motor drives. This work is incorporated to achieve this objective. Novelty/Improvement: The whole developed model is analyzed using the two MPPT techniques viz Incremental Conductance and Perturb and Observe MPPT. The problem of starting current in the motor and the distortions in the torque deviations are highly dependent on the choice of MPPT. So keeping in view of the above two problems, the optimum MPPT technique has been stated in this work.

PV based water pumping system for agricultural irrigation

This paper investigates the operation and analysis of the photovoltaic water pumping system in detail. Power electronic controllers were designed and developed for the water pumping system using a boost converter along with an inverter followed by an induction motor pump set. The proposed system could be employed in agricultural irrigation under any operating condition of varying natures of solar irradiances and temperatures. The configuration and implementation of the system were described in detail. Further, the detailed method of analysis and simulation characteristics of such PV water pumping system was also presented.With the concern of shortage of fossil fuel, global warming and energy security, the proposed PV based water pumping system can meet the significant demand of electricity and serve for the agricultural sector.

Small-signal modelling and control of photovoltaic based water pumping system

This paper studies small-signal modelling and control design for a photovoltaic (PV) based water pumping system without energy storage. First, the small-signal model is obtained and then, using this model, two proportional–integral (PI) controllers, where one controller is used to control the dc-link voltage and the other one to control the speed of induction motor, are designed to meet control goals such as settling time and peak overshoot of the closed loop responses. The loop robustness of the design is also studied. For a given set of system parameters, simulations are carried out to validate the modelling and the control design.

Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Based Submersible Water Pumping System for Rural Areas of an Indian State Rajasthan

The utilization of solar energy to generate the off-grid electric power is a prominent technology which is utilized in photovoltaic based water pumping system for agriculture and community water supply in this stud. It helps to improve the agricultural productivity which improves the living standard of a farmer and also reduces the CO2 emissions by replacing fossil fuels. This technology replaces 100% fossil fuel system and save CO2 by 14977.57 kg/year. This paper presents fuel replacement and reduction of carbon dioxide on an annual basis and economic analysis of photovoltaic based water pumping system.

Novel Control of Photovoltaic based Water Pumping System without Energy Storage

Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) based water pumping systems are used for irrigation and drinking water. PV based pumping systems without battery can provide a cost-effective solution. In this paper an integrated controller is proposed for the operation of a stand-alone PV based water pumping system without battery storage. To incorporate PV based water pumping system, two schematics and corresponding controllers (i.e, power and voltage based) are proposed. In voltage based control scheme, inverter not only controls the voltage but also acts as maximum power point tracker for PV. Hence no extra dc-dc converter is required to extract maximum power from solar. The proposed integrated controller requires only measurements of dc-link voltage and load currents, no need to measure the PV and load powers. Under light load condition, dc-link voltage will go up, hence, in order to protect dc bus resistive type of dump load is connected so that it will consume the surplus power from PV. Effective control coordination is developed to switch ON/OFF the induction motors so that negligible power wasted in dump load under scenario of PV power is more than load. Results are presented based on different cases of irrigation pumping application and availability of solar irradiance. Extensive simulation is carried out using Matlab/Simulink and through simulation results it is shows that the performance of proposed controller is quite satisfactory.

Simulation and Analysis of a Directly Coupled Solar PV Based Water Pumping System

Simulation and Analysis of a Directly Coupled Solar PV Based Water Pumping System

Experimental validation of autonomous PV-based water pumping system optimum sizing

The progress met in the world market of photovoltaics underlines the maturity of investments realized, guarantees the reliability of the technology utilized and designates the variety of applications in covering the energy demands of both stand-alone and grid connected consumers. Concerning stand-alone systems, the incorporation of photovoltaic systems in water pumping applications is thought to be one of the most popular and ideal uses of solar energy exploitation, especially under the common allegation of coincidence between insolation and water demand. In this study, an attempt to investigate the opportunities of a PV powered water pumping system able to meet additional – apart from the water pump – electricity loads, results in the development of an optimum sizing methodology which is accordingly validated by experimental measurements. From the results obtained, it becomes clear that a properly designed PV-pumping configuration of 610 W p is capable of covering both the electricity (max 2 kWh/day) and the water (max 400 L/h) management demands of a large variety of remote consumers.