Photopolymerization Of Monomers Research Articles

Green ink revolution: Pioneering eco‐friendly 3D printing with vegetable oil‐derived inks

AbstractSustainability in additive manufacturing (AM) (3D printing) could play a pivotal role for manufacturers and producers in the next‐generation manufacturing framework. The market for 3D printing is expanding rapidly, and it is expected to do so in the foreseeable years to come. As ecologically, responsible manufacturing gains more attention, renewable substitutes for regular commercial 3D printable inks must be developed for lower environmental carbon footprints (less CO2 emissions, recycling, bio‐compatibility, and zero waste). Herein, we review the recent literature on using vegetable oil (VO) as bio‐based inks for sustainable formulations for digital light processing or stereolithography additive printing. The feedstock selections (VO, terpenes, and waste cooking oil), and the chemistry of the VO‐based synthons toward sustainability in the field of photopolymerization‐based 3D printing are discussed. These renewable materials can mitigate the detrimental environmental effects of AM while remaining competitive with the existing fossil‐based resins produced by industrial manufacturers. The current challenges and limitations of AM in terms of surface finish, material properties, photo‐curing time, and end‐of‐use recycling options from biomass‐derived photocurable monomers are also identified. Overall, this development promotes the bio‐based economy and allows for the on‐demand production of a variety of sustainable inks for AM and sustainable end‐of‐use products.Highlights The significance of vegetable oils (VOs) as photopolymerizable monomers is explored. The necessity for 3D printing, specifically recycling and end‐of‐use, for the industrial revolution is provided. Green developments in stereolithography/digital light processing 3D printing utilizing VOs are covered.

Novel quinoline photoinitiators for dimethacrylate monomer photopolymerization under UV and blue light

Composite resins based on methacrylated monomers are the main materials for dental restorations, however, incomplete polymerization and leaching have been identified as the major problems in this process, highlighting the importance of a search for new photoinitiating materials with improved properties and, therefore, can produce cheaper and stronger polymers with reduced toxicity. In this work, two novel quinoline derivatives were evaluated to obtain dimethacrylate-based polymers. Here we present the synthesis and characterization of a quinoline derivative containing a hydroxyl group and another containing a methacrylate group, as type II photoinitiator materials for UDMA-based resins polymerization. The photoinitiators were analyzed through photolysis (at two distinct wavelengths) and theoretical calculations were performed via a DFT-based approach, to provide a better understanding of the photoexcitation process of quinoline-based photoinitiators. The thermal stability, mass loss rate and glass transition of the generated polymers and the quinoline photoinitiators were analyzed via TG-DTA and DSC. The morphological characteristics of final polymerized compounds were performed with scanning electron microscopy. The water sorption and solubility were also investigated. Our results indicate that hydroxyl-containing quinoline promotes an efficient photopolymerization of UDMA resin precursors under blue light (65.9 %), while methacrylate-containing quinoline presents higher conversions under ultraviolet irradiation (66.3 %). The polymerization of the compounds presented 40 % to 66 % conversion under 60 s, comparable to the camphorquinone standard at the same conditions. The polymer of UDMA with hydroxyl-containing quinoline, showed a slightly higher water sorption than the methacrylate-containing one and both indicate no solubility in water at 37 °C. Overall, the results show that quinoline-based photoinitiators present an efficient photopolymerization of UDMA and produce fluorescent polymers, similarly to commonly used resin materials.

A study on the control of the printing accuracy in alumina parts by ceramic stereolithography

The printing accuracy in ceramic stereolithography is deteriorated by shrinkage due to photopolymerization of monomers and broadening owing to scattering of light. To improve the accuracy of printed alumina parts, a series of experiments involving the reduce of shrinkage and broadening were conducted. Firstly, the dependence of conversion of monomers, shrinkage of suspensions and warpage of parts on energy doses was quantitively investigated and correlated, with which the shrinkage was well controlled through optimization. Besides, the warpage problem was effectively resolved when adding 30 wt% PEG-200 in the suspensions to release the accumulated internal stress. Next, the broadening under different energy doses was observed and reduced by addition of absorbers, after which a self-defined parameter Cd/We was applied to suggest strategies in the selection of appropriate processing parameters and absorber content. On this basis, the holes with a diameter ranging from 50–200 μm were successfully printed.

Large-Scale, Vertically Aligned 2D Subnanochannel Arrays by a Smectic Liquid Crystal Network for High-Performance Osmotic Energy Conversion.

The osmotic energy, an abundant renewable energy source, can be directly converted to electricity by nanofluidic devices with ion-selective membranes. 2D nanochannels constructed by nanosheets possess abundant lateral interfacial ion-exchange sites and exhibit great superiority in nanofluidic devices. However, the most accessible orientation of the 2D nanochannels is parallel to the membrane surface, undoubtedly resulting in the conductivity loss. Herein, first vertically aligned 2D subnanochannel arrays self-assembled by a smectic liquid crystal (LC) network that exhibit high-performance osmotic energy conversion are demonstrated. The 2D subnanochannel arrays are fabricated by in situ photopolymerization of monomers in the LC phase. The as-prepared membrane exhibits excellent water-resistance and mechanical strength. The 2D subnanochannels with excellent cation selectivity and conductivity show high-performance osmotic energy conversion. The power density reaches up to about 22.5W m-2 with NaCl solution under a 50-fold concentration gradient, which is among with ultrahigh power density. This membrane design concept provides promising applications in osmotic energy conversion.

Simultaneous photo-induced polymerization and surface modification by microfluidic spinning to produce functionalized polymer microfibers: the effect of their surface modification on cell adhesion

A capillary-based microfluidic device is used to prepare functionalized polymer microfibers in one-step involving monomer photopolymerization in the core phase and surface modification of the fibers by thiol-acrylate reactions at the interface.

Integration of knee-shaped self-written waveguides between optical fibers by direct illumination and tip to tip coupling

Optical transmission efficiency of self-written polymer waveguide has been investigated. The polymer couplers were fabricated from a photopolymerizable monomer system by direct illumination from two pre-aligned single mode fibers, and by butt coupling of two extended long polymer tips at the end of fibers. Regarding direct illumination, the writing beams exhibit quasi-solitonic behavior and both show a tendency to attract each other to be merged at the middle point where the droplet deposited between the aligned fiber. Optical transmission gives insertion loss of 4.3 dB and 5.7 dB with total knee angles of (5° and 10°) respectively. Polymer bridges with larger deviation angles were not formed, since the induced beams were not merged properly to form a decent waveguide. Therefore, long polymer tips were fabricated separately and then they were butt coupled at different knee-angles. Optical transmission efficiency was measured over broadband from Ultraviolet to Infrared (UV-IR). In the butt-coupling approach average loss of 1.7 dB, 5.4 dB, 8.6 dB, 10.4 dB and 14.6 dB at measured wavelength 1550 nm were obtained for 300 μm- 300 μm coupling tips corresponding to knee-angles of (0°,5°,10°,15°, and 20°) respectively.

Polyelectrolyte elastomer-based ionotronic sensors with multi-mode sensing capabilities via multi-material 3D printing

Stretchable ionotronics have drawn increasing attention during the past decade, enabling myriad applications in engineering and biomedicine. However, existing ionotronic sensors suffer from limited sensing capabilities due to simple device structures and poor stability due to the leakage of ingredients. In this study, we rationally design and fabricate a plethora of architected leakage-free ionotronic sensors with multi-mode sensing capabilities, using DLP-based 3D printing and a polyelectrolyte elastomer. We synthesize a photo-polymerizable ionic monomer for the polyelectrolyte elastomer, which is stretchable, transparent, ionically conductive, thermally stable, and leakage-resistant. The printed sensors possess robust interfaces and extraordinary long-term stability. The multi-material 3D printing allows high flexibility in structural design, enabling the sensing of tension, compression, shear, and torsion, with on-demand tailorable sensitivities through elaborate programming of device architectures. Furthermore, we fabricate integrated ionotronic sensors that can perceive different mechanical stimuli simultaneously without mutual signal interferences. We demonstrate a sensing kit consisting of four shear sensors and one compressive sensor, and connect it to a remote-control system that is programmed to wirelessly control the flight of a drone. Multi-material 3D printing of leakage-free polyelectrolyte elastomers paves new avenues for manufacturing stretchable ionotronics by resolving the deficiencies of stability and functionalities simultaneously.

Smart Microcapsules Designed for On-Demand Local Heating and Drug Release

Chemophotothermal therapy is promising for cancer treatment with its synergistic effect. Although various photothermal agents have been formulated as drug carriers, low payload, burst release, and severe dilution usually restrict their uses. To overcome the limitations, we design smart microcapsules as a pragmatic material for chemophotothermal therapy. With a microfluidic device, water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double-emulsion templates are produced to have photothermal polydopamine nanoparticles and drugs in the water core and a mixture of photocurable monomers and phase-change material (PCM) in the oil shell. The droplets are significantly shrunken by the osmotic extraction of water from the core, which enables the size reduction for the ease of injection and enrichment of polydopamine nanoparticles and drugs for enhanced photothermal performance and high payload. The microcapsules, produced by photopolymerization of monomers, release drugs when PCM in continuous nanochannels of the polymer shell is molten while retaining drugs without leakage when frozen. As the concentrated polydopamine nanoparticles provide rapid and drastic heating by near-infrared irradiation, the drug release can be switched on and off in a programmed manner by manipulating the irradiation. The smart microcapsules secure high drug payload in a spacious core, negligible initial bursting, and dilution-free high photothermal performance, potentially serving as a pragmatic therapy platform.

Synthesis, characterization, photo-polymerization, hydrolytic stability, and etching behavior of new self-etch adhesive monomers

Considering the poor hydrolytic stability of the most methacrylate-based functional monomers of self-etch dental adhesives in acidic and aqueous conditions, in this study allyl-based photo-polymerizable self-etch monomers was synthesized in order to improve the hydrolytic stability.The new self-etch monomers based on phosphonic acid functional groups were synthesized through a two-step procedure. First, phosphoric anhydride, poly-phosphoric acid, and polyethylene glycol were reacted to produce phosphate ester precursor (P-PEG-P). Next, allyl 2, 3-epoxypropyl ether was reacted with P-PEG-P to synthesize allyl self-etch monomer. Glycidyl methacrylate was also reacted with P-PEG-P to synthesize a methacrylate self-etch analogue monomer. The monomers were characterized using FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The viscosities of monomers were measured using a rheometer. The degree photopolymerization conversion of monomers was measured using FTIR spectroscopy. The pH assay was performed by a digital pH-meter. The etching behavior of the monomers on human teeth was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to evaluate the possible interaction of the monomers with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). The solubility of synthesized monomers was examined in ethanol, acetone, and water. The hydrolytic stability of cured resins in artificial saliva during 4 months was also surveyed.The synthesis of new self-etching monomers was successfully confirmed by spectroscopy analyses. The results represented appropriate viscosity of self-etching monomers around 1 (Pa s). The resin containing methacrylate monomer exhibited its degree of conversion is more than that of allyl monomer (p < 0.05). The allyl and methacrylate self-etch monomers exhibited pH values of 1.2 and 1.3, respectively. SEM micrograph verified that the synthesized monomers were able to suitable etching of the enamel human premolar teeth. The data obtained from TGA tests revealed that thermal stability of (TCP) containing monomers is enhanced. Also, the monomers exhibited an excellent solubility in polar solvents, but when they are mixed with TCP, they are not, anymore, dissolved in these solvents. Furthermore, the allyl monomer showed higher hydrolytic stability than the methacrylate monomer.The new photo-polymerizable acidic monomer based on allyl functionality showed enhanced hydrolytic stability compared to methacrylate-based monomer. It may be considered as a promising monomer for self-etch dental adhesives.

Sustainable Additive Manufacturing of Polyelectrolyte Photopolymer Complexes

AbstractPolyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), assemblies of oppositely charged polymers with powerful properties and wide‐ranging applications, are currently not melt‐processable via any conventional means and have been limited commercially to applications only as coatings. Herein, a unique strategy of pairing a polycation with an oppositely charged photopolymerizable monomer is employed. Vat photopolymerization of this mixture yields 3D spatial control over PECs for the first time. The properties of these 3D‐printed PECs are evaluated and are found to be similar to conventionally studied PEC materials. The water sensitivity of the PEC parts is adjustable through the incorporation of a small amount of a hydrophilic covalent crosslinker, highlighting potential future applications of these materials in 4D printing. Finally, the upcyclability of the additively manufactured PECs is demonstrated through the dissolution of a printed part and its incorporation into virgin resin to yield a part composed of partially recycled material. This chemistry has the potential to dramatically expand the application space of PEC materials and is a step towards a more circular economy for the field of additive manufacturing.

Synthesis of a novel thiolated photopolymerizable monomer derived from soybean oil and its thiol-ene photopolymerization with unsaturated monomers

In this study is presented a synthetic methodology to prepare a thiolated monomer derived from renewable natural products resources such as the soybean oil. This product was thiolated by a thiol-ene coupling reaction between the double bonds of the vegetable oil and thioacetic acid. The obtained intermediate was subsequently hydrolyzed to obtain a mixture of thiolated fatty methyl esters. The attained mixture was characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopies. The reactivity of this compound was tested as comonomer in a thiol-ene photopolymerization using different types of unsaturated compounds. It was found that the thiolated compound reacted readily under UV irradiation forming polythioethers. The nature of the obtained polymers depended on the characteristics of the unsaturated monomers.

Effects of build orientation and bar addition on accuracy of complete denture base fabricated with digital light projection: An in vitro study.

We evaluated the effects of build orientation and bar addition between lingual flanges on the accuracy of mandibular denture bases fabricated using a digital light processing (DLP) device. Mandibular denture bases with and without a bar at the lingual flanges were virtually designed and assigned to eight build orientations. Six dentures per condition were fabricated using a DLP device with a methacrylate-based photopolymerizable monomer (Dima Print denture base) (n=96). The fabricated denture surfaces were digitized, and intaglio surfaces were obtained. These digitized surfaces were compared via superimposition using graphical software (Artec studio12 profession) to their original designed files, and root mean square estimates were obtained. The trueness of the entire and intaglio data was statistically analyzed non-parametrically. The range of trueness of the entire and intaglio denture bases was 0.15-0.31 mm and 0.11-0.38 mm, respectively. The trueness at 135° and 270° for the entire denture base and that at 270° for the intaglio data without the bar were significantly lower than those for the other build orientations. The trueness at 270° was <0.15 mm irrespective of the conditions. The trueness with the bar of all build orientations, except that of 0° for intaglio data, was significantly smaller than or equal to the trueness without the bar of the corresponding build orientations. Build orientation and bar addition influenced the accuracy of the complete dentures fabricated using DLP. A build orientation of 270° is recommended for fabricating a mandibular complete denture, irrespective of the bar addition.

Identification of dyes and matrices for dye doped polymer waveguide emitters covering the visible spectrum

Polymer based photonic devices offer the possibility cost effective roll-to-roll manufacture of photonic devices. The incorporation of luminescent dopants within a solid polymer waveguide allows for the generation of light within the device avoiding tedious mechanical light coupling. However, when a dopant is embedded in a solid matrix, depending on its concentration and the nature of materials involved, the emitted light may be quenched due to aggregation effects. In this work, thin films and ridge waveguides processed by UV-photolithography have been successfully obtained from a selection of standard photopolymerizable organic monomers, SU8, EpoCore and OrmoStamp doped with a selection of standard dyes like Rhodamine-B, Coumarin-540A and Pyrromethene-580. All structures were manufactured on glass substrates. An analysis of the solubility and optical properties including band gap energy, absorption coefficient (alpha ) and fluorescence of the doped photoresists at different concentrations has been performed. Photoresists doped with Rhodamine-B shows a higher energy of indirect allowed band gap transition (2.04–2.09 eV) compared to previously reported pure Rhodamine-B thin films (1.95–1.98 eV). Fabrication protocols of dye doped photoresists covering the entire visible spectrum is established.

Fabrication of Temperature- and Alcohol-Responsive Photonic Crystal Hydrogel and Its Application for Sustained Drug Release.

Herein, crack-free photonic crystal templates with enhanced color contrast were first demonstrated by the coassembly of polystyrene (PS) microspheres and graphene oxide (GO). Then, photonic crystal hydrogels (PCHs) with quick responses to temperature and alcohol solution concentration changes were fabricated by photopolymerization of monomers in the gaps of the self-assembled colloidal crystal templates. The structural color of the PCHs changed from yellow to blue within 120 s as the temperature rose from 25 to 40 °C, whereas upon a decrease in temperature from 40 to 25 °C, the structural color changed from blue to yellow. The structural color of the PCHs also shows an obvious response with the concentration of alcohol solution ranging from 40 to 100 wt %. The quick responses of the PCHs' structural color to changes in temperature and alcohol solution concentration are attributed to the temperature sensitivity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and preferential adsorption and swelling of the alcohol solution for the polymer chains. Furthermore, moxifloxacin (Mox) was loaded into PCHs by hydrogel swelling and exhibited sustained released by increasing the temperature. The sustained release process was facilely monitored by observing the corresponding color changes in real time. The rapid and visible response offers the fabricated PCHs great potential application prospects in the semiquantitative analysis of alcohol concentration and intelligent drug delivery.

The digital printing of chromatic pattern with a single cellulose nanocrystal ink

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), a type of natural photonic crystal, have been used to develop various optical materials owing to their chiral nematic organization, renewability, sustainability, and abundance. However, scaling up the production of CNC-based photonic materials remains challenging because of their long self-assembly time, inevitable assembly defects, static optical properties, and brittle nature. To address these drawbacks, the current study introduces flexible photonic hydrogels with chromatic patterns that are 3D printed using CNC-based inks. These viscoelastic inks were composed of photopolymerizable monomers and CNCs that harbored high aspect ratios. The luminance and color difference of the patterns in the photonic hydrogels were digitally controlled by varying the printing angles and the number of layers. Furthermore, our technique was validated by printing recognizable QR codes, Tai-chi, and hydrogel color cards. The current study provides a facile, fast, reproducible, accurate, and scalable strategy for fabricating photonic hydrogels from sustainable materials with chromatic patterns visible only in polarized light, thereby demonstrating their potential use in optical devices, anti-counterfeiting applications, and information concealment and dissemination.

Transparent organogel based on photopolymerizable magnetic cationic monomer for electromagnetic wave absorbing

The application of conventional absorbing materials is limited due to complex preparation process and poor transparency caused by fillers. In this study, a highly transparent ionic organogel was prepared by photocuring a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution of a polymerizable magnetic cationic monomer [DAC]5[Dy(NCS)8]. Both components of organogel, which are the photopolymerizable magnetic cationic monomer and polar solvent DMSO, have an important effect on the magnetic losses and dielectric losses properties of the organogel respectively. By tuning the mass ratio of DMSO to the monomer and the content of the cross-linker, the complex permittivity of the gel could be effectively adjusted to improve the impedance matching, and finally a gel with excellent wave absorption properties and good tensile properties was obtained. The optimum organogel was fabricated with a minimum reflection loss of −45.9 dB and a broadest effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of up to 5.2 GHz, and effective absorption in the millimeter band (26.5–40 GHz) which is within the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks. With the advantages of simple preparation method, arbitrary shape and good adhesion to a variety of substrates and complex surfaces, this multifunctional gel provides a new solution for complex scenarios requiring optical transparency and simultaneous absorption of electromagnetic waves.

Emerging waste-free non-destructive system based on molecular sensors originating from novel europium complexes for in-situ determination of polymer coating thickness

Herein, novel europium(III) complex derivatives dedicated to polymer chemistry applications as molecular sensors have been reported. The following are among them tris(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione)europium(III) (BTA) and tris(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)butane-1,3-dione)europium(III)] (NTA). To obtain the relevant europium complexes, they were coordinated with the corresponding ligands, e.g., 4-phenyl-2,6-bis(2-pyridyl)pyridine (PPP), 2,2′-bipyridine (Bpy), 2-(2-pyridyl)-1,3-benzothiazole (PBT) and 2-(2-pyridyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (PIP). The application of these compounds as luminescent sensors to monitor the kinetics of cationic photopolymerisation of monomers has been investigated along with the determination of optical properties. Ultimately, the possibility of employing europium(III) complexes as thickness sensors for polymer coatings resulting from the free radical photopolymerisation of trimethylolpropane triacrylate was measured using Fluorescence Probe Technology developing a zero-waste, non-destructive method for in-situ determination of polymer coating thickness.

Effects of build orientation on adaptation of casting patterns for three-unit partial fixed dental prostheses fabricated by using digital light projection

Statement of problemThe lost-wax technique is commonly used for fabricating partial fixed dental prostheses. The casting patterns can be fabricated by using vat photopolymerization (a type of additive manufacturing), but the adaptation of these casting patterns has not been elucidated. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of build orientation on the adaptation of casting patterns fabricated by digital light projection (DLP). Material and methodsA 3-unit partial fixed dental prosthesis with mandibular left second premolar and second molar abutment teeth was scanned and virtually designed with a computer-aided design software program. The cement space was designed to be 30 μm. Specimens were fabricated with 3 build orientations: 0 degrees (with the occlusal surface parallel to the platform), 30 degrees, and 45 degrees (by rotating the file along the long axis). The casting patterns were fabricated by using DLP (Cara Print 4.0) with a photopolymerizable monomer (dima Print Cast Q). Photopolymerization, cleaning, and postpolymerization processes were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The adaptation of the specimens was examined by using a silicone replica method. The vertical marginal discrepancy and axial wall, occlusal, and marginal gaps were measured by using a digital measuring microscope. The effect of build orientation at each cross-sectional area was statistically analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum test with Bonferroni correction (α=.05). ResultsExcess polymerized resin was observed along the intaglio buccal wall at build orientations of 30 degrees and 45 degrees. Vertical marginal discrepancies in the buccolingual section ranged from −50 to 248 μm, while those in the mesiodistal section ranged from −25 to 182 μm. The gaps in the buccolingual section ranged from 0 to 236 μm, while those in the mesiodistal section ranged from 0 to 177 μm. According to the observation of vertical marginal discrepancies and gaps, the 30-degree specimens inclined during insertion, and the 45-degree specimens were not completely seated. However, the marginal gaps of the 0- and 30-degree specimens were within the clinically acceptable limit of 120 μm. ConclusionsThe limited data indicated that the build orientation influenced the adaptation of casting patterns for 3-unit partial fixed dental prostheses fabricated by using DLP. A build orientation of 0 degrees is recommended for fabricating casting patterns for 3-unit partial fixed dental prostheses because no excess polymerization of the intaglio buccal wall was observed.

Fabrication of Sub-Micron Polymer Waveguides through Two-Photon Polymerization in Polydimethylsiloxane.

Flexible ultra-compact low-loss optical waveguides play a vital role in the development of soft photonics. The search for suitable materials and innovative fabrication techniques to achieve low loss long polymer optical waveguides and interconnects has proven to be challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of submicron optical waveguides in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using divinylbenzene (DVB) as the photopolymerizable monomer through two-photon polymerization (2PP). We show that the commercial oxime ester photoinitiator Irgacure OXE02 is suitable for triggering the DVB photopolymerization, resulting in a stable and controllable fabrication process for the fabrication of defect-free, 5-cm long waveguides. We further explore a multi-track fabrication strategy to enlarge the waveguide core size up to ~3 μm for better light confinement and reduced cross-talk. In these waveguides, we measured a refractive index contrast on the order of 0.005 and a transmission loss of 0.1 dB/cm at 710 nm wavelength.

Novel synthesis routes for the preparation of low toxic vinyl ester and vinyl carbonate monomers

UV curing of photopolymerizable monomers, like (meth)acrylates, has been utilized for coatings for more than half a century and more recently in further developed areas such as tissue engineering. However, these monomers have major disadvantages, e.g., high irritancy and cytotoxicity, which leads to limited use in tissue engineering regarding health issues. Vinyl esters (VE) and vinyl carbonates (VC) can compete with (meth)acrylates in terms of material properties and have significantly lower toxicity, but lack in cost efficient synthesis methods. The purpose of this communication is to establish new pathways to overcome this drawback. It was shown that VEs can be synthesized either by vinyloxy trimethylsilane or by acetaldehyde in excellent yields. Moreover, a new method to synthesize vinyl chloroformate as precursor for VCs in lab scale was evolved by a catalyzed reaction of vinyloxy trimethylsilane with a phosgene solution. Finally, the cytotoxicity tests showed auspicious results.