Photon-gated Persistent Spectral Hole Burning Research Articles

Photoionization spectral hole-burning and inversion symmetry of sites in doped insulators

The linear Stark shift of optical frequencies in impurity centers lacking inversion site symmetry results in various external electric field effects observed in persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) phenomena. This paper reviews some new effects of inversionless symmetry of centers in internal electric fields observed in PSHB of doped insulators with photoionization hole burning. (1) In multisite R-line ( 4A 2– 2E ) spectra of Cr 3+ ions, substituting Ge 4+ in the inversionless position in the crystal lattice of Li 2Ge 7O 15 (LGO), the two-photon self-gated photoionization PSHB was observed in the R-spectra of one site only. This drastic site dependence of PSHB demonstrates extremely strong (∼eV) relative shifts of the position within the host energy gap of the 4A 2, 2E levels of Cr 3+ ions, located at complex centers. These centers differ in the nature and the position of the nearby charge-compensating defect, where the Coulomb field produces different large linear Stark shifts of the electronic states of Cr 3+. (2) Photon-gated PSHB in f-d spectra of Eu 2+ multisites in CaS crystal was observed with unusually broad hole wings in the case of lines belonging to perturbed inversionless sites. This efficient off-resonant PSHB is due to strong linear Stark shifts of the f–d transition frequencies of Eu 2+ ions in time-varying Coulomb fields resulting from photoionization and recharging of Eu 2+–Eu 3+ ions during the hole-burning process in optically excited crystals.

Photon-gated spectral hole-burning and luminescence line narrowing of zinc tetraphenylchlorin in polymethylmethacrylate and in polystyrene

We have synthesized zinc tetraphenylchlorin (ZnTPC) by diimide reduction of tetraphenylporphyrin. We have observed photon-gated persistent spectral hole-burning for zinc tetraphenylchlorin in polymethylmethacrylate at liquid helium temperature. Even in absence of any acceptor additive, the hole formation is up to 5–6 times more efficient when two colours are absorbed by ZnTPC as compared to one colour excitation. Conversely, no gating effect was observed when ZnTPC is dispersed in polystyrene host matrices. On the other hand, the vibration spectra of ZnTPC in PMMA and PS were recorded using site-selection fluorescence and excitation techniques.

Polarization photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning

Polarization photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) was performed for the meso-phenyl-tetrabenzoporphyrinato-zinc–aromatic cyanide system. Excellent signal-to-noise ratio was obtained. The polarization dependence of the gating effect was observed and studied. Hole filling was investigated in the polarization photon-gated PSHB. Over 100 photon-gated holes have been burned and detected for this system by polarization spectroscopy.

Line shapes of photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning in polarization spectroscopy

We introduce a method of polarization spectroscopy into photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning, which results in considerable improvement in the signal-to-background ratio. Fifty multiple spectral holes burnt into meso-phenyl-tetrabenzoporphyrinato-zinc/aromatic cyanide/poly(methyl methacrylate) were clearly detected by this measurement technique. We developed a simplified model to account for the hole shapes. Background birefringence combined with refractive dispersion is thought to play a key role in the generation of asymmetric line shapes.

Non-destructive readout of picosecond time-and-space-domain holograms recorded by photon-gated spectral hole burning

Two-color photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning in zink tetrabenzoporphine with a solid halocarbon additive 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane in polystyrene film at liquid-helium temperature has been used for recording of picosecond photochemically accumulated stimulated photon echo (PASPE) holograms. In the presence of the gating illumination at 532 nm the hole-burning yield increased by a factor of up to 100. With the gating illumination switched off we were able to read out the recorded time-and-space-domain holograms for a long time and with high intensity practically without destroying the contrast of the recorded information.

A New Persistent Photon‐Gated Spectral Hole‐Burning System:Zinc Tetraphenylporphyrin Linked to Polyvinylbenzylchloride‐Co‐Polystyrene

Two colour photon-gated persistent spectral hole-burning via donor-acceptor electron transfer is reported in systems where the donor: zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) and the acceptor: vinylbenzylchloride where linked to a polystyrene chain. A spectral hole is observed when the sample is irradiated using a gating light in addition to the wavelength-selective light. No effect of the gating light has been observed for ZnTPP dispersed in polystyrene (PS) even with efficient acceptors. In contrast, the efficiency of hole formation under two colour excitation is four times larger than that under one colour excitation in ZnTPP-PBCS/PMMA and nearly two times larger in ZnTPP-PBCS/PS.

A study on multiple photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning and photoproduct in a system of frequency-domain storage material

This paper reports recent advances in the study on multiple photon-gated spectral hole burning and its photoproduct in a system of Zn-tetrabenzoporphin-crotonic acid-phenoxy resin at liquid helium temperature. The influences of gating-light inducing hole-erasing and satellite holes causing hole-filling on the formation of multiple holes are analyzed. A spectrum of more than 100 multiple photon-gated spectral holes burnt over a whole absorption band is presented. The photoproduct after hole burning was also observed indicating the hole burning process to be donor-acceptor electron transfer reaction.

A new system of photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning material for frequency-domain optical storage

Two-color persistent spectral hole-burning was achieved for the first time for a new system Zn-tetrabenzoporphin-crotonic acid/phenoxy resin at 20 K. The time dependence experiments show that the spectral holes are persistent at the temperature of 20 K. These holes can be erased by laser irradiation and reversible holeburning is performed. The hole width remains almost constant during the erasing process.

Photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning by electron transfer from a doped donor to an acceptor branched to a host polymer matrix

Two-color photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) via donor-acceptor electron transfer is reported in systems where the acceptor, 10-chloroanthracene, was intentionally branched to a side chain of the poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) host polymer while the donor, metal-free tetraphenylporphine, was dispersed in the polymer. The systems, which had an acceptor concentration of up to 10−1 M, were prepared without aggregation of the acceptor. Spectral holes were burnt in the Qx(0,0) absorption band of the donor when the systems were simultaneously irradiated with a frequency-selective excitation (duration: 500 ps; energy: 200 nJ/cm2) and a gating excitation (wavelength: 514.5 nm; duration: 33 ms; energy: 14 μJ/cm2). The difference absorption spectrum between the unburned absorption spectrum and one recorded after photon-gated PSHB has confirmed that the hole formation mechanism is donor-acceptor electron transfer from a photoexcited donor to a ground-state branched acceptor. The thermal stability of burnt holes measured with a temperature cycling experiment increased when the acceptor was branched into PMMA. The effect of acceptor branching on the PSHB characteristics is discussed with reference to those for an acceptor-doped system.

Photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning by donor-acceptor electron transfer in tetraphenylporphine/halogenated anthracene systems

Photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning was observed for metal-free tetraphenylporphine with halogenated anthracene derivatives in poly(methylmethacrylate) or poly(ethylene) at liquid-helium temperatures. The hole formation yield was markedly dependent on the polymer matrices and the sample composition as well as on the gating wavelength. The irreversible broadening of holes in the systems measured by temperature cycling experiment was smaller than that by proton tautomerization of tetraphenylporphine. We concluded that the hole formation mechanism is donor-acceptor electron transfer on the basis of combined analysis of the matix and acceptor concentration dependence of hole formation yield, the action spectrum of the gating photon and the photoproduct spectrum.

Photon-gated thermoresistant spectral hole burning in a neutron-irradiated sapphire

Two-color, photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning was discovered in the 755.6 nm zero-photon line (ZPL) of a color-center aggregate in neutron-irradiated α-Al 2O 3. The burning is accompanied by an increase of the photoproduct absorption band at 470 nm (the corresponding ZPL at 503.0 nm), where the burning efficiency increases with the growth of the gating photons' energy from 620 to 380 nm. The holes are thermoresistant up to the temperature 670 K, the limit of their thermoresistant being determined by the destructive processes of color-center aggregates.

New organic system for photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning

We report a new system of organic materials for photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning by donor-acceptor electron transfer: a tetrabenzoporphyrin derivative as donor and one of several aromatic cyanides as an acceptor in a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) host matrix. Up to 500% deep spectral holes in transmission were burnt and appeared very high hole burning efficiency.

Photon-Gated Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning

This article reviews recent progress in the area of photon-gated persistent spectral hole-burning, in which one photon selects absorbers in an inhomogeneously broadened line and a second “gating'. photon of a different wavelength completes the excitation necessary to produce a spectral hole. This phenomenon provides a crucial threshold in the hole formation process, allowing reading with the first wavelength alone to be nondestructive. Examples of photon-gating in both inorganic and organic materials are summarized, with emphasis on the organic materials.

Transient and photon-gated persistent spectral holeburning in CaSO 4:Sm

The selective emission and excitation of three Sm 3+ centres in CaSO 4 are reported. For one of these, the substitutional centre, short lived optical holes have been burned in the 6 H 5 2 → 4 G 5 2 transition at 562.7 nm. X-irradiation converts this centre to the divalent state, and the emission from the Sm 2+ centre formed has been analysed. For the 7F 0→ 5D 0 transition at 689.2 nm deep short-lived holes with a width of 4 MHz have been attained with single laser irradiation, but persistent holes with a width of 200 MHz were observed when a second laser source in the green or ultraviolet was introduced.

Mechanism of photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning in metal-tetrabenzoporphyrin/halomethane systems: donor-acceptor electron transfer

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of photon-gated persistent spectral hole burning in metal-tetrabenzoporphyrin/halomethane systems: donor-acceptor electron transferT. P. Carter, C. Braeuchle, V. Y. Lee, M. Manavi, and W. E. MoernerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 15, 3998–4004Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/j100299a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (907 KB) Get e-Alerts