Photodynamic Therapy Research Articles

To analyze risk factors for Laryngeal Web (LW) formation following CO2 laser surgery combined with topical photodynamic therapy (T-PDT) in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). This retrospective study analyzed RRP patients treated with CO2 laser surgery combined with T-PDT at a single academic medical center between January 2021 and April 2024. The Cohen grading system was used to assess laryngeal web severity before and after treatment. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to compare pre- and post-treatment adhesion scores. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for LW formation, including gender, surgical age, onset age, HPV genotype, lesion distribution (Derkay score), preoperative LW presence, previous surgical history, bilateral involvement, and preoperative bevacizumab treatment within 1 month. A total of 86 RRP patients received CO2 laser surgery combined with T-PDT treatment. Post-treatment LW occurred in 23.26% (20/86) of patients. No significant difference was observed in Cohen grading distribution between pre- and post-treatment groups (W = 226.5, p = 0.934). Multivariate analysis identified preoperative LW presence (OR = 8.81, p < 0.001) as an independent risk factor for post-treatment LW formation, whereas preoperative bevacizumab treatment was associated with a lower risk of LW formation (OR = 0.16, p = 0.022). CO2 laser surgery combined with T-PDT demonstrated a relatively low incidence of LW formation in RRP treatment. Preoperative LW presence significantly increased the risk of post-treatment LW formation, while preoperative bevacizumab treatment was associated with a lower risk of LW formation.

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, necessitating the development of alternative therapies that minimize side effects and overcome drug resistance associated with conventional treatments. In this study, it reports the synthesis and characterization of a series of platinum(II) complexes based on azadipyrromethene (ADPM) ligands as novel photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). These complexes are designed to enhance light absorption and photochemical activity through the incorporation of heavy atoms. Their photophysical properties—including absorption spectra, fluorescence emission, and singlet oxygen generation efficiency—are systematically investigated. The complexes exhibited strong absorption in the visible region and high singlet oxygen yields, indicating their suitability for PDT applications. In vitro assays using several cancer cell lines demonstrate low cytotoxicity under dark conditions, whereas light activation induces a significant cytotoxic response. Flow cytometry analysis further confirms that the treatment induces apoptotic cell death. These effects were found to be both light‐ and concentration‐dependent. Overall, this study's results demonstrate the potential of these platinum–ADPM complexes as effective and selective PDT agents, offering a promising strategy for the development of safer and more targeted cancer therapies.

Metabolic Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) algorithms have become invaluable tools for exploring deep into the complex dynamics of cellular metabolism. Monitoring subcellular parameters is of interest, particularly during photodynamic therapy (PDT), to enhance treatment efficacy. By joining together Metabolic FLIM with PLIM, it is possible to evaluate cellular metabolic states, such as oxygen consumption, redox states, pH levels, and energy production pathways. The aim of this work is to use NADH FLIM and PLIM techniques to distinguish different metabolic pattern signatures in tumor and normal cell lines using a PLIM pH sensitive complex from the family of phosphorescent [(N^C)2Ir(N^N)]+ complexes. This investigation used a combination of 2-photon (2P) excited FLIM and PLIM techniques, coupled with time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) detection. All the data were collected from living cells and were analyzed through exponential fitting. For the pattern segmentation we have used the phasor plot approach. By constructing a calibration curve and simultaneously acquiring NADH-FLIM and PLIM data from our pH sensor, we were able to identify metabolic regions and distinguished different pattern signatures in tumor and normal cell lines. This combined approach provides a comprehensive view of the tumor microenvironment, offering critical insights into parameters that influence photosensitizer localization, ROS generation, and therapeutic response. By identifying metabolic and pH heterogeneity at the single-cell level, this method contributes to improving the selectivity, precision, and overall efficacy of PDT treatments.

Photodynamic therapy with local‑targeted perfusion for recurrent tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma achieving 12‑year survival: A case report

Conjugated polymers exhibit unique structural and optoelectronic properties, enabling precise modulation of chemical reactions within cellular microenvironments. This review highlights recent advances in CP-directed biomedical strategies, focusing on their roles in light-driven biophotocatalysis, photodynamic and photothermal therapies, and precision cellular regulation. By facilitating targeted redox transformations, gas generation, and supramolecular interactions, CPs provide spatiotemporal control over complex biological processes. The integration of CPs into dynamic assemblies and biointerfaces enables responsive, minimally invasive interventions for cancer, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunctions. Furthermore, emerging approaches that combine artificial intelligence with molecular design are accelerating the development of CP-based platforms for personalized medicine. These interdisciplinary innovations underscore the transformative potential of CPs in therapeutic modulation, diagnostic enhancement, and the development of next-generation biomedical devices.

Calcium interference therapy (CIT) is a promising cancer therapeutic strategy, but its efficacy is limited by intrinsic cellular calcium regulation. To address this limitation, herein, a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive nanoplatform, UC@COFs@CaO2-HA/PAG/ICG (UCCPI), integrating dual-amplified CIT with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is engineered to enhance therapeutic outcomes. The core-shell upconversion nanoparticle-engineered covalent organic framework nanocomposites (UC@COFs) serve as both pH-dependent fluorescent probes for cancer cell imaging and drug-delivery carriers co-loading photoacid generators (PAG) and photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG). The embedded upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) convert 980nm NIR light into visible emissions, enabling spatiotemporal PAG activation for localized H+ release and overcoming UV/visible light depth limitations. Surface-modified hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized CaO2 nanoparticles provide pH-responsive Ca2+/O2 reservoirs, facilitating CD44-mediated tumor targeting and PDT-supportive hypoxia alleviation. Crucially, NIR-triggered H+ generation simultaneously drives dual calcium amplification through accelerated CaO2 decomposition and potentiated acid-sensitive ion channel-mediated Ca2+ influx, while fueling ICG-mediated ROS generation via O2 supply for PDT. These interconnected processes synergistically amplify mitochondrial calcium overload and oxidative damage. Collectively, UCCPI demonstrates excellent biocompatibility, precise tumor targeting, and self-amplifying therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo. This work presents a tumor microenvironment-targeted strategy to potentiate mitochondrial dysfunction through integrated ion interference and oxidative stress mechanisms.

Improvement of antibacterial potency of riboflavin mediated photodynamic therapy by potassium iodide against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm formed on orthodontic miniscrews: An in vitro study.

ROS-catalytic self-amplifying benzothiophenazine-based photosensitive conjugates for photodynamic-immuno therapy.

Multifunctional nanoplatforms for combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy: Tumor-responsive strategies for enhanced precision.

Laser applications in peri-implantitis therapy: A narrative review.

NO-generating self-delivery liposomes for synergistic photodynamic-gas therapy against hypoxic tumors.

Oxygen-boosted nanodrug for amplified ferroptosis-photodynamic immunotherapy together with PD-1 checkpoint blockade against triple-negative breast cancer.

Drug resistance in breast cancer: Mechanisms and strategies for management.

Tumor microenvironment responsive smart nanoplatform for synergistic tumor therapy through co-enhancement of GSH depletion and hypoxia relief.

Photosensitive virus-like mesoporous silica for enhanced uveal melanoma internalization and photodynamic therapy

Visible light-activated cobalt phthalocyanine/UiO-67 composite: A novel approach to photodynamic antibacterial therapy.

Synergistic Effects of Hydroxychloroquine/CdS Nanocomposites and Photodynamic Therapy in Glioblastoma Treatment

Sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy, activated indocyanine green, and indocyanine green-loaded chitosan nanoparticle on resin tag length and shear bond strength to caries-affected dentin using two-step etch and rinse resin adhesive

Transforming malignant tumors into vulnerable phenotypes via nanoscale coordination polymer mediated cell senescence and photodynamic therapy.

Lipoprotein-inspired in situ activatable photo-theranostic nitrobenzoselenadiazole-cholesterol for overcoming glioblastoma.