Phosphorus Groups Research Articles

Chemical Dephosphorylation of Phosphorylated Polysaccharide.

In exocellular polysaccharides produced from lactic acid bacteria with bioactivity, phosphate groups in polysaccharide have been found to act as an active factor. This chapter introduces chemical dephosphorylation using HF by cleaving phosphate diester bonds in extracellular polysaccharides to clarify phosphorus group functions. After this operation, the purified dephospho-polysaccharide can be used for evaluation of bioactivity.

Ассимиляционная способность элементов мелиорированных агроландшафтов при создании биоплато

Purpose: substantiation and consideration of the assimilating ability of natural and artificially waterlogged areas within the reclaimed landscapes to support the decision to discharge drainage runoff onto the relief or to create constructed wetland. Materials and methods. The calculation of the hydraulic and anthropogenic impact on the wetlands within the reclamation system and constructed wetlands parameters, taking into account the assimilating capacity of wetlands, was performed using computer program in Excel. Results. The possibility of creating artificially waterlogged sites (bioplatos) within a reclamation system for the discharge and purification of drainage flow with subsequent discharge into the river network is considered. In order to take into account the assimilation capacity of wetlands (bioplatos) and the possibility of dumping contaminated drainage waters into them, the computer calculations were performed and graphs were constructed, the dependence of the bioplatos area on the assimilating ability of higher aquatic plants, as well as the total cost which is trends within 50–250 thousands rubles under given conditions of calculations are obtained. Conclusions. The obtained graphs showing the dependence between bioplato area and phosphorous assimilation allow us to determine the area and assimilating capacity of the bioplatos at drainage flow discharge containing phosphorous in the range from 0.5 to 10 l/s per 1 ha of the area of the structure with a drained area in the range of 200–800 ha, depending on the assimilating ability of higher aquatic plants at concentrations of nutrients of the nitrogen and phosphorus groups exceeding the MPC by 3 times in nitrogen and 60 times in phosphorus at different temperatures conditions.

Supplementing semen extenders with a combination of phosphorus and vitamin B12 Improves post-thawed cryopreserved rooster semen quality.

Semen cryopreservation is an important technique for preserving the genetic material of numerous species. However, frozen semen is highly susceptible to sperm DNA damage and reduced motility, resulting in decreased fertility. The standard method for cryopreservation and several approaches have not been elucidated. This study aimed to determine the effects of supplementing rooster semen extender with a combination of phosphorus and vitamin B12 on cryopreserved semen quality. Semen was collected weekly via dorso-abdominal massage from 57 Burmese × Vietnam-crossbred Thai native roosters aged 1-3 years. In total, 139 semen samples were collected, pooled, and diluted to 200 million sperm per dose. The pooled sample was divided into six experimental groups: a control group (0.00%) diluted with modified Beltville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) and five treatment groups diluted with modified BPSE supplemented with phosphorus and vitamin B12 at concentrations 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10%, respectively. The semen samples were frozen and evaluated at 0, 15, and 30 min after thawing. Sperm kinematic parameters were determined using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. Sperm quality was evaluated by measuring sperm viability, mitochondrial activity, acrosome integrity, and plasma membrane integrity. Statistical analyses were performed using a general linear mixed model (MIXED) in SAS. Factors in the statistical model were experimental groups, time after thawing, and interaction between experimental groups and time after thawing. Total and progressive motilities were greater in semen supplemented with 0.04% phosphorus and vitamin B12 compared with those in the control (p < 0.05). At 15 min post-thawing, VCL, VAP, and HPA in the 0.04% phosphorus and vitamin B12 supplementation group was greater than that in the control (p < 0.05). Phosphorus and vitamin B12 supplementation did not affect sperm kinematics at 0 and 30 min after thawing (p > 0.05). All the sperm parameters that were tested for the 0.04% phosphorus and vitamin B12 supplementation group in modified BPSE were the highest at all the timepoints after thawing. Thus, supplementing frozen semen extender with 0.04% phosphorus and vitamin B12 increased sperm motility, sperm kinematic parameters, and sperm quality.

Association of Hypophosphatemia with Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19

Aim: In critical cases, electrolyte disturbances such as hypophosphatemia have been shown to be associated with mortality and in our study, we aimed to examine the relationship between hypophosphatemia, a symptom disorder with COVID-19, and death. Material and Methods: This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional investigation that encompasses patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and subsequently admitted for treatment at our hospital. Based on their serum phosphate levels, the patients were bifurcated into two distinct categories: those with serum phosphate levels below 2.5 mg/dl, classified as hypophosphatemic, and those with levels above this benchmark, categorized as non-hypophosphatemic. The comparisons drawn between these two cohorts were facilitated using a range of statistical methodologies, and the resulting findings were subsequently analyzed and interpreted within this framework. Results: Compared to the hypophosphatemia group, the diagnoses of DM (p&amp;lt;0.001) and CKD (p=0.015) were statistically significantly higher in the group without hypophosphatemia. A statistically significant difference was found between phosphorus groups and mortality and length of stay (p&amp;lt;0.001). In addition, age and length of hospitalization were found to be statistically significantly higher in those who died compared to those who were alive (p&amp;lt;0.001; p=0.002). Conclusions: Hypophosphatemia has been shown to be associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19, as in many studies and in our study, and it may be a biomarker in predicting severe disease.

Electrochemical detection of methyl parathion using zirconium dioxide@single-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode

In this work, the multifunctional nanocomposite of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SCN) was prepared to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the fabrication of ZrO2@SCN/GCE sensor. The fabricated nanocomposite electrochemical sensor was successfully used to achieve the efficient and sensitive detection of methyl parathion (MP). For the ZrO2@SCN nanocomposite, ZrO2 nanoparticles could promote the enrichment of MP molecules on the electrode surface of ZrO2@SCN/GCE sensor because of the interplay between Zr-O groups and phosphorus groups of MP molecules; SCN presented efficient one-dimensional charge transport channels, which achieved the excellent conductivity property of carbon material. Moreover, SCN could greatly compensate for the non-conductivity of ZrO2 nanoparticles. The functional combination of ZrO2 nanoparticles and SCN enhanced the electrochemical detection performance of MP. The ZrO2@SCN/GCE sensor exhibited good MP detection property with low limit of detection of 6.15 nM (pH = 7.0, MP concentration: 0.01–10 μM). The fabricated sensor also showed good practical application property for the detection of MP in real samples (Lake water and green tea).

A High-Phosphorus Diet Moderately Alters the Lipidome and Transcriptome in the Skeletal Muscle of Adult Mice.

A high phosphorus intake has been associated with various metabolic disorders, including chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Recent studies have demonstrated the effects of dietary phosphorus on lipid and glucose metabolism. This study investigated the impact of a high-phosphorus diet on mouse skeletal muscle lipid composition and gene transcription. Adult male mice (n = 12/group) received either a diet with an adequate (0.3%) or a high (1.2%) phosphorus concentration for 6 weeks. The lipidome analysis showed that among the 17 analyzed lipid classes, the concentrations of three classes were reduced in the high phosphorus group compared to the adequate phosphorus group. These classes were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (p < 0.05). Out of the three hundred and twenty-three individual lipid species analyzed, forty-nine showed reduced concentrations, while three showed increased concentrations in the high phosphorus group compared to the adequate phosphorus group. The muscle transcriptome analysis identified 142 up- and 222 down-regulated transcripts in the high phosphorus group compared to the adequate phosphorus group. Gene set enrichment analysis identified that genes that were up-regulated in the high phosphorus group were linked to the gene ontology terms "mitochondria" and "Notch signaling pathway", whereas genes that were down-regulated were linked to the "PI3K-AKT pathway". Overall, the effects of the high-phosphorus diet on the muscle lipidome and transcriptome were relatively modest, but consistently indicated an impact on lipid metabolism.

In-situ synthesis of copper phytate-hierarchically porous MOF-199 hybrid in wood towards multifunctional flame-retardant wood composite

The modern society pays growing attention on global environmental issues, public safety, and individual health, which highlights the necessity of exploring sustainable, energy-saving, flame-retardant, and anti-mildew materials for building applications. Herein, by in-situ preparing copper phytate-hierarchically porous MOF-199 hybrid (PCuM) in natural wood (W) via simple phytate induced defect engineering strategy, we reported a multifunctional low fire-hazard wood composite (PCuM-W). The phytate anion not only acted as a modulator to generate hierarchical porosity in MOF-199, but also offered high flame retardancy due to its six phosphorus groups. The copper phytate anchored on the cell wall exhibited charring and graphitizing effects and enhanced the flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance of wood. By pyrolysis, a hierarchically porous MOF-199-derived carbon formed and offered a considerably enhanced catalytic activity towards the conversion of CO. With a weight percent gain of only 13.5%, the fire growth index, total smoke production, and maximum CO production rate of PCuM-W were 74.2%, 85.4%, and 33.3% lower than that of W, respectively, showing outstanding fire-hazard-reducing efficiency that surpassed most of its counterparts. Furthermore, due to the hierarchical porosity and antimicrobial property of PCuM, PCuM-W showed excellent moisture-buffering ability and mildew resistance. This work brings guidelines for fabricating hierarchically porous MOFs to realize multifunctional materials via phytate induced defect engineering.

Controllable micro cross-linking towards multifunctional flame-retardant aliphatic polyamide

Constructing micro cross-linking structures into molecular chains has demonstrated the ability to improve basic properties, such as mechanical strength and thermal stability, of thermoplastic polymers. However, this method has limitations when it comes to improving the functionality of polymers. Herein, we reported a multifunctional micro cross-linking network that improves not just mechanical strength but also flame retardancy, dielectric properties, battery performance, antistatic properties, etc. A novel phosphinamide-containing monomer was designed, synthesized, and copolymerized into the polymer chain of polyamide 6, a typical thermoplastic polymer. On the one hand, the micro cross-linking structure was successfully obtained through the amide interchange reaction between the side-chain phosphinamide groups and the main-chain amide groups, leading to a 23.7% improvement of tensile strength and largely maintained tensile toughness. On the other hand, the functional phosphorus groups showed an efficient free-radical-capturing effect during fire, endowing the copolymer with excellent flame retardancy at a low monomer content of 2 mol%. Additionally, the copolymer also possessed great spinnability, melt-crystallization performance, as well as dielectric property, antistatic property, and battery performance, enabling its potential in a wide variety of applications.

Hypophosphorous acid functionalized nanoporous silicon for selective adsorption of Hg(II) in industrial waste water

The recycling of diamond wire cutting silicon waste (DWCSW) and the removal of heavy metal ions are very important for human life. Therefore, it is a promising method to improve the selective removal of heavy metal ions by etching and modifying organic functional groups for DWCSW. In this study, a new adsorbent PA-TEPA-GTS-NPSi was synthesized by Cu-assisted chemical etching and modified with 3-glycine dioxy-propyl trimethoxy-silane (3-GTS), tetraethylpentenediamine (TEPA) and hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) for selective adsorption Hg(Ⅱ). PA-TEPA-GTS-NPSi showed excellent adsorption performance on Hg(Ⅱ), with adsorption capacity of 112.8 mg/g (pH=2.0, adsorption time=120 min). The pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model can better describe the adsorption process, which proving that the adsorption process is chemisorption. The adsorption mechanism of Hg(Ⅱ) was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT). It was proved that the adsorption process was mainly caused by the strong adsorption between P and Hg(Ⅱ) in the phosphorus groups on the surface of PA-TEPA-GTS-NPSi adsorbent. Compared with other hypophosphorous acid functionalized adsorbents, the adsorption performance of the adsorbent is at a medium level, but it can effectively recycle DWCSW while removing heavy metal ions.

The association of normal-range serum phosphorus with immunoglobulin A nephropathy progression: a retrospective cohort study.

The relationship between serum phosphorus and immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy progression remains uncertain, especially normal-range serum phosphorus. Therefore, we herein examined the relationship between the normal-range serum phosphorus and the progression of IgA nephropathy. One hundred sixty-two patients with primary IgA nephropathy were divided into three groups according to tertiles of baseline serum phosphorus (first tertile: 0.73-1.04mmol/L; second tertile: 1.04-1.21mmol/L; third tertile: 1.21-1.60mmol/L). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration. The composite outcome was defined as a decrease of at least 50% in eGFR from baseline or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The association of serum phosphorus with IgA nephropathy progression was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders. During a median 16month follow-up period, 15 patients reached a composite outcome. In the crude Cox proportional hazard model, baseline serum phosphorus as a continuous variable was associated with increased risk for adverse renal outcomes [hazard ratio (HR) = 63.510, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.953-1020.284, P = 0.003], and the high tertile of serum phosphorus group had an increased risk of the composite outcome by using the low tertile group as the reference (HR = 11.895, 95% CI = 1.522-92.993, P = 0.018). After adjustment for traditional risk factors, the high tertile of serum phosphorus group was significantly related to IgA nephropathy progression compared with the low tertile group (HR = 9.424, 95% CI = 1.019-87.165, P = 0.048). Relatively higher serum phosphorus levels within the normal range were significantly associated with the progression of IgA nephropathy.

Effects of dietary α-ketoglutarate on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, tor signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota of juvenile mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed low phosphorus diets

The present study evaluated the effects of dietary α-ketoglutarate (AKG) on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, target of rapamycin (tor) signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota of juvenile mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed low phosphorus diets. An eight week 2 × 3 two-factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction between AKG levels at 0 or 0.6%, and dietary phosphorus levels at 0.27%, 0.55% or 0.76%. The results showed that the final body weight (FBW) and weight growth rate (WGR) were significantly improved and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly decreased by the dietary AKG or phosphorus (P < 0.05). The crude ash and phosphorous content were significantly increased with increasing available phosphorus supplement from 0.27% to 0.76%, whereas crude lipid was decreased as dietary phosphorus levels increased (P < 0.05). Fish fed a diet supplemented with 0.6% AKG showed a significant increase in crude protein, crude ash and phosphorous content compared to the diet without AKG group (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIb) was decreased by dietary AKG or phosphorus (P < 0.05).The activities of trypsin was significantly improved by dietary AKG or phosphorus (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of tor, insulin growth factor I (igfI) and growth hormone (gh) were significantly increased by dietary AKG or phosphorus (P < 0.05). The richness estimate of Ace and Chao, and the diversity estimators of Simpson were significantly decreased with increasing phosphorus levels from 0.27% to 0.55% (P < 0.05). Compared with the 0.27% phosphorus group, the abundance of Fusobacteriota and Bacteroidota were relatively increased and the abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Cyanobacteria were relatively decreased in 0.27% phosphorus added 0.6% AKG group. The abundance of Fusobacteriota and Actinobacteriota in 0.27% phosphorus group was relatively lower than that in 0.55% phosphorus group. On the contrary, the abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Cyanobacteria in 0.27% phosphorus group was relatively higher than that in 0.55% phosphorus groups. These results indicated that dietary supplementation with 0.6% AKG could improve growth performance by increasing the activities of trypsin and promoting the formation of beneficial intestinal microbiota, and the tor, gh/igf-I gene expression in liver of mirror carp fed low phosphorus diets.

Visible-near-infrared hyperspectral imaging combined with ensemble learning for the nutrient content of Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea canopy needles detection

IntroductionPinus elliottii × P. caribaea is one of the major tree species in commercial forest bases in developed countries. However, in the process of sapling cultivation, nutrients cannot be accurately detected and supplied to individual saplings, resulting in reduced yield and quality.MethodsIn this paper, visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with ensemble learning (EL) was used to solve this problem. The content and distribution of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the canopy needles of Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea saplings were obtained through HSI data analysis, and the nutritional needs of individual plants were reflected to provide a basis for nutritional supply decisions. The saplings were treated with deficient, sufficient, and excessive N, P, and K single-element fertilizers. After collecting the Vis-NIR hyperspectral images of these saplings, a variety of pre-processing, feature selection, and ensemble learning algorithms were used to establish predictive models. The R2 and RMSE were used to evaluate the performance of the prediction models.ResultsThe results showed that the multiple scattering correction-competitive adaptive reweighted sampling-Stacking (MSC-CARS-Stacking) model had the best results among the three nutrient elements prediction models (Rp2-N = 0.833, RMSEP = 0.380; Rp2-P = 0.622, RMSEP = 0.101; Rp2-K = 0.697, RMSEP = 0.523). When studying the sensitive bands of N, P, and K, we found that the common characteristic wavelengths were 675.3 and 923.9 nm, while the non-common characteristic wavelengths were located at 550 nm (green peak), 680 nm (red valley), and 960 nm (water peak). In studying the generalization ability of the model, only the nitrogen group data were used to train the MSC-CARS-Stacking model for nitrogen prediction, which was then used to predict the nitrogen content in the phosphorus and potassium groups, obtaining good results (Rc2-N = 0.841, Rp2-P = 0.814, Rp2-K = 0.801). It showed a strong generalization ability for the prediction of nitrogen, and similarly, phosphorus and potassium.DiscussionIn conclusion, this study verifies that the Vis-NIR HSI combined with EL is indeed a reliable and stable method to predict the contents of N, P, and K in the needles of Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea sapling canopy.

Practical synthesis of 1,3-benzoazaphosphole analogues.

Despite the promising pharmacological activity and material properties of five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing phosphorus and nitrogen, synthetic examples of them have been rather limited due to the instability of phosphorus toward air and water. In this study, 1,3-benzoazaphosphol analogues were selected as target molecules, and various synthetic routes were examined to establish a fundamental technology for the introduction of phosphorus groups into aromatic rings and formation of five-membered rings containing phosphorus and nitrogen by cyclization. As a result, we found that 2-aminophenyl(phenyl)phosphine is an extremely promising synthetic intermediate with high stability and easy handling. Furthermore, 2-methyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d][1,3]azaphosphole and 3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d][1,3]azaphosphole-2-thione as synthetically useful 1,3-benzoazaphosphol analogues were successfully synthesized by using 2-aminophenyl(phenyl)phosphine as a key intermediate.

A Novel P/N/Si-Containing Vanillin-Based Compound for a Flame-Retardant, Tough Yet Strong Epoxy Thermoset.

It is still extremely challenging to endow epoxy resins (EPs) with excellent flame retardancy and high toughness. In this work, we propose a facile strategy of combining rigid-flexible groups, promoting groups and polar phosphorus groups with the vanillin compound, which implements a dual functional modification for EPs. With only 0.22% phosphorus loading, the modified EPs obtain a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.5% and reach V-0 grade in UL-94 vertical burning tests. Particularly, the introduction of P/N/Si-containing vanillin-based flame retardant (DPBSi) improves the mechanical properties of EPs, including toughness and strength. Compared with EPs, the storage modulus and impact strength of EP composites can increase by 61.1% and 240%, respectively. Therefore, this work introduces a novel molecular design strategy for constructing an epoxy system with high-efficiency fire safety and excellent mechanical properties, giving it immense potential for broadening the application fields of EPs.

Dietary inclusion of nano-phosphorus improves growth performance, carcass quality, and growth-related traits of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and alleviates water phosphorus residues

Supplementation of phosphorus nanoparticles is a promising strategy to reduce water pollution, improve phosphorus concentration in fish diet, and provide better production quality. We used 300 fingerlings of Nile tilapia that were randomly distributed into 3 groups; each one was attributed to 5 replicates of 20 fish per aquarium with initial weight (gm) (156 ± 1.25). The first diet contained traditional Di-calcium phosphate (D-group), the second supplemented with phosphorus nanoparticles in a dose equal to the previous conventional one (N-D group), and the last one included with phosphorus nanoparticles with the half dose of the conventional phosphorus group (1/2 N-D group). After 3 months of feeding, the N-D group showed the best growth performance including its feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed intake (FI), or body weight gain (BWG). Furthermore, the growth-related gene expression findings considering growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were upregulated as well. Moreover, whole body chemical composition revealed higher Fe, Zn, P, and crude protein level in the N-D group than the other two groups. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) mRNA expression showed a significant increase in 1/2 N-D and N-D groups compared with the control group. To sum up, using of nano-phosphorus particles improved the growth rate and immunity response of Nile tilapia, besides decreasing water pollution.

Polyphosphate Ester-Type Transporters Improve Antimicrobial Properties of Oxytetracycline

Prolonged use of antibiotics can cause toxicity in human and animal cells and lead to the development of antibiotic resistance. The development of drug delivery systems for enhanced antibacterial properties of antibiotics could reduce toxic effects and minimize the development of resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of oxytetracycline in complexes with new polyphosphate ester-type transporters and to investigate the antimicrobial effect of these complexes on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus growth in vitro. Two polyphosphate ester-type transporters with different molecular weights were synthesized, and oxytetracycline was attached through the phosphorus groups. To determine the sensitivities of microorganisms, oxytetracycline hydrochloride and oxytetracycline complexes with polyphosphate ester-type transporters (P4 and P6) were added to liquid and solid media with E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus in different doses. Oxytetracycline in complex with polyphosphate ester-type transporters at low doses (2.3 to 3.8 μg/disk or μg/mL) in both solid and liquid media inhibits the growth of S. aureus more effectively than oxytetracycline alone. The maximum influence on E. coli growth on solid media is observed at a dose of 8 μg/disk of oxytetracycline in combination with both P4 and P6 polyphosphate ester-type transporters. P. aeruginosa growth under the influence of oxytetracycline in combination with polyphosphate-ester type transporters in a liquid medium depends on the dose of antibiotic and the day of cultivation.

Fabrication of P and N Co-Doped Carbon Dots for Fe3+ Detection in Serum and Lysosomal Tracking in Living Cells.

Doping with heteroatoms allows the retention of the general characteristics of carbon dots while allowing their physicochemical and photochemical properties to be effectively modulated. In this work, we report the preparation of ultrastable P and N co-doped carbon dots (PNCDs) that can be used for the highly selective detection of Fe3+ and the tracking of lysosomes in living cells. Fluorescent PNCDs were facilely prepared via a hydrothermal treatment of ethylenediamine and phytic acid, and they exhibited a high quantum yield of 22.0%. The strong coordination interaction between the phosphorus groups of PNCDs and Fe3+ rendered them efficient probes for use in selective Fe3+ detection, with a detection limit of 0.39 μM, and we demonstrated their practicability by accurately detecting the Fe3+ contents in bio-samples. At the same time, PNCDs exhibited high lysosomal location specificity in different cell lines due to surface lipophilic amino groups, and real-time tracking of the lysosome morphology in HeLa cells was achieved. The present work suggests that the fabrication of heteroatom-doped CDs might be an effective strategy to provide promising tools for cytology, such as organelle tracking.

Dual Promotion of Phosphorus Groups for Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence with High Efficiency

AbstractOrganic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have drawn wide attention due to their dynamic phosphorescence performance under ambient conditions. However, most of the pure organic RTP materials show low phosphorescence efficiency and short lifetime because of their weak spin–orbit coupling and fast nonradiative decay process. Introducing halogen heavy atoms can effectively improve the efficiency, while the lifetime would be shortened obviously. Thus, there is still a great challenge especially for developing halogen heavy atom free organic RTP materials, with simultaneously enhanced phosphorescence efficiency and lifetime. Herein, it is demonstrated that triphenylphosphine group possesses a strong n‐electron donating character and adopts a rigid tetrahedral configuration, which are in favor of accelerating intersystem crossing process and suppressing the nonradiative decay process, respectively. Benefited from the dual promotion of triphenylphosphine group, the obtained compound named CzPhP shows a decent phosphorescence efficiency of 14.36% and a prolonged lifetime of 340 ms. Another three pentavalent phosphine‐bearing analogs synthesized, i.e., CzPhPO, CzPhPS, and CzPhPSe, also present different conformational aggregations and good RTP performance. The diversity of the RTP performance of these compounds affords a potential application in anticounterfeiting and data encryption.

Post-synthetic modification of graphitic carbon nitride with PCl3 and POCl3 for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) was synthesised from melamine at 550 °C in the air for a period of 4 h. As such prepared g-C 3 N 4 was dispersed in PCl 3 and POCl 3 with and without pyridine at an ambient temperature for us to dope g-C 3 N 4 with phosphorus. The bulk structural properties of g-C 3 N 4 examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were not changed. On the contrary, a surface modification in terms of pore size distribution studied using physisorption of nitrogen and electron microscopy was observed. Using PCl 3 (in the presence of pyridine), nitrogen vacancies were filled with phosphorus and phosphoramidate groups were formed (with and without pyridine). When POCl 3 was used nitrogen vacancies were removed and the surface structure was rearranged, but no phosphorus was doped in g-C 3 N 4 . The band gap energies varied from 2.69 to 2.73 eV and specific surface areas varied from 8 to 11 m 2 g −1 . The g-C 3 N 4 surface structure rearrangement was associated with altered electronic properties which led to higher photocatalytic activity observed by the degradation of Ofloxacin, Amoxicillin and Rhodamine B (RhB) under LED irradiation of 420 nm. A degradation efficiency decreased in the order: Ofloxacin > RhB > Amoxicillin. Superoxide radicals were found to be able to react with all the organic compounds, but holes could react only with Ofloxacin and RhB. All the modified materials were more active than the pristine g-C 3 N 4 and the best photocatalyst was prepared through the reaction with PCl 3 in the presence of pyridine. • g-C 3 N 4 was synthetized from melamine at 550 °C in the air for 4 h. • Then, g-C 3 N 4 was modified with PCl 3 and POCl 3 . • Using PCl 3 , the surface of g-C 3 N 4 was doped with phosphorus. • In the case of POCl 3 , g-C 3 N 4 was undoped but its surface structure was changed. • These modifications led to the enhanced photocatalytic activity of g-C 3 N 4 .

Photocurable soybean oil based phosphorus containing coatings for cotton fabrics: The influence of reactive diluents

In this work, a novel photocurable soybean oil based phosphorus containing oligomer was synthesized with the ring opening reaction between the epoxidized soybean oil and a phosphorus containing reactive monomer (Sipomer PAM-200). Instead of conventional heat and solvent based textile coating techniques, photocuring, which is a time and energy saving and solventless/waterless, environmentally friendly technology, was proposed. The structural characterization of the synthesized oligomer (S-ESBO) was performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. Then the coating formulations were prepared by using the S-ESBO oligomer and various reactive diluents; methyl acrylate (MA, monofunctional), hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA, bifunctional), and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP, aromatic functional). The effects of the reactive diluent type on the mechanical, thermal, and surface properties of the coated photocured cotton fabrics were all investigated. The overall results demonstrate that the presence of the phosphorus group in the formulation increased the char yield values above 600 °C by inhibiting the spread of heat and pyrolysis products through the fabric sample. The thermal transitions, cotton fabric drapeability, weight loss of the fabrics with abrasion, mechanical and wettability properties were all affected based on the properties (i.e. aromatic, aliphatic, flexible, rigid etc.) of the functional groups of reactive diluents.