Phosphorus Fertilizer Treatments Research Articles

Fertilizer application parameters for drip-irrigated peanut based on the fertilizer effect function established from a "3414" field trial.

Scientific fertilization is an important technical means of achieving high and stable peanut yields. Using soil testing and formula fertilization, the "3414" optimal regression design was used and included 14 nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization treatments. Ternary quadratic functions of the fertilizer effect were established according to three-season field experiments and the regression analysis of fertilizer-yield function was performed to explore the optimal fertilizer application mode and ratio for peanuts under mulched drip irrigation (MDI), and a suitable fertilizer application system was established. The ternary quadratic equation relating peanut yield (y) and the fertilizer application rates of N (N), P (P2O5), and K (K2O) was obtained after fitting, i.e., y = 2912.528 + 21.432N + 16.324P + 6.181K - 0.051N2 - 0.109P2 - 0.061K2 + 0.017NP + 0.023NK + 0.086PK, and significance analysis and typicality assessment were performed. The model R 2 was 0.9709, both values are extremely significant (p < 0.01), which indicates that the obtained ternary quadratic fertilizer effect function is typical and could be used for statistical purposes and fertilization recommendations. Three quadratic fertilizer effect functions were obtained. Among them, the equation for K is extremely significant, and the equations of N and P are significant. According to the assumption that the marginal yield is zero and the marginal profit is zero, the fertilizer application rate with the maximum yield, the fertilizer application rate with the best economic benefits, and the corresponding yields were obtained. The optimal fertilizer application rate predicted by the ternary quadratic fertilizer effect function was relatively high, so the three quadratic fertilizer effect functions were used for prediction. Under the test conditions, the recommended fertilizer application rates for peanuts under MDI are 256.6 kg N per ha, 164.2 kg P2O5 per ha, and 213.2 kg K2O per ha, the recommended fertilization ratio is 1:0.64:0.83, and the recommended ratio under formula fertilization is 23:15:19. The study has developed a data-based decision support system for Xinjiang drip-irrigated peanut, which assists farmers and agricultural managers in making more scientific and precise fertilization decisions based on the specific growth requirements of the crops and soil conditions. This evidence-based methodology enhances the precision of agricultural management, which is conducive to increasing crop yields while reducing resource wastage and environmental impact. However, multipoint and multiyear experiments are still needed to ensure that the findings are adaptable to the diverse soil conditions and fluctuating climate patterns that may be encountered in practice.

Effect of Different Fertilizer Types on Quality of Foxtail Millet under Low Nitrogen Conditions.

In order to clarify the effect of different fertilizers on foxtail millet quality under low nitrogen conditions, we used JGNo.21 and LZGNo.2 as experimental materials and set up five treatments, including non-fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus, compound, and organic fertilizers, to study the regulation of different fertilizer types on agronomic traits, nutrient fractions, and pasting characteristics of foxtail millet under low nitrogen conditions. Compared with the control, all of the fertilizers improved the agronomic traits of JGNo.21 to a certain extent. Nitrogen and compound fertilizer treatments reduced the starch content of JGNo.21; the starch content was reduced by 0.55% and 0.07% under nitrogen and compound fertilizers treatments. Phosphorus and organic fertilizers increased starch content, and starch content increased by 0.50% and 0.56% under phosphorus and organic fertilizer treatments. The effect of each fertilizer treatment on protein content was completely opposite to that of starch; different fertilizer treatments reduced the fat content of JGNo.21 and increased the fiber content. Among them, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increased the yellow pigment content; the yellow pigment content increased by 1.21% and 2.64% under nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments. Organic and compound fertilizers reduced the content of yellow pigment; the yellow pigment content was reduced by 3.36% and 2.79% under organic and compound fertilizer treatments. Nitrogen and organic fertilizers increased the fat content of LZGNo.2; the fat content increased by 2.62% and 1.98% under nitrogen, organic fertilizer treatment. Compound and phosphorus fertilizer decreased the fat content; the fat content decreased by 2.16% and 2.90% under compound and phosphorus fertilizer treatment. Different fertilizer treatments reduced the cellulose and yellow pigment content of LZGNo.2. The content of essential, non-essential, and total amino acids of JGNo.21 was increased under compound and nitrogen fertilizer treatments and decreased under organic and phosphorus fertilizer treatments. The content of essential, non-essential, and total amino acids of LZGNo.2 was significantly higher under compound, nitrogen, and organic fertilizer treatments compared with control and significantly decreased under phosphorus fertilizer treatments. Nitrogen and compound fertilizer treatments significantly reduced the values of peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, and pasting time of each index of JGNo.21; phosphorus and organic fertilizer treatments improved the values of each index. In contrast, the pasting viscosity of LZGNo.2 increased under phosphorus fertilizer treatment and decreased under nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Reasonable fertilization can improve the quality of foxtail millet, which provides a scientific theoretical basis for improving the quality of foxtail millet.

Response of the Endophytic Microbial Composition in Amaranthus Roots to Different Fertilization Treatments

To explore how endophytic microbial compositions in amaranth roots are influenced by various fertilization methods and to determine whether these microbes are associated with amaranthin formation, we conducted an analysis of the endophytic microbial community structure. The roots of amaranth plants subjected to different fertilization treatments—conventional fertilization without potassium (NP), conventional fertilization without phosphorus (NK), conventional fertilization without nitrogen (PK), and balanced fertilization (NPK)—were examined. The results showed that the proportions of Streptomyces, Actinospica, and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia in the amaranth roots under the balanced fertilization (NPK) treatment were all greater than those in the amaranth roots under the nitrogen (PK), phosphorus (NK), and potassium (NP) deficiency fertilization treatments. In contrast, the proportions of Phenylobacterium, Acrocalymma, Neocosmospora, Fusarium, Acidovorax, Gibellulopsis, Cladosporium, Dactylonectria, and Gibberella in the amaranth roots under the nutrient deficiency fertilization (NP, NK, and PK) treatments were higher than those in the amaranth roots under the balanced fertilization treatment. Additionally, a significantly positive correlation was found between Streptomyces and the amaranthin content. Furthermore, Acrocalymma, Neocosmospora, and Fusarium exhibited significantly negative correlations with the amaranthin content. The above results suggested that endophytes could easily colonize in amaranth roots as beneficial microorganisms under balanced fertilization conditions. In other words, the balanced fertilization (N, P and K fertilizers are 188.0, 53.0 and 50.0 kg·hm−2, respectively) could recruit more beneficial endogenous microorganisms in amaranth roots for improving their growth and quality.

Weed communities after decades of mineral fertilization and tillage treatments in a corn–soybean rotation

Abstract Soil fertility and disturbance can potentially modify weed dynamics in a corn–soybean rotation. Knowing how added mineral fertilizers and tillage influence weed populations in the long term can provide insight into weed community shifts, which may affect future weed management requirements. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 24 to 25 years of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization treatments and tillage (moldboard vs. no-till) on weeds (density, biomass, and composition) before and after herbicide applications in 2016/corn and 2017/soybean. The second objective was to evaluate the effect of the same treatments 6 yr after no postemergence weed management in 2022/corn. Since the last evaluation performed in 2004, weed density, richness, and diversity increased, and more annual grasses were observed under both tillage regimes. No fertilization effect was observed on any weed variables, including composition, except for increased biomass when left to grow all season after crop planting. In managed plots, the density and biomass of annuals and perennials were generally higher in no-till, and discrepancies were highest for annual grass densities before herbicide application. Weed species richness and diversity based on counts were equivalent between tillage regimes, but total biomass was distributed between more species in no-till. Higher weed densities and concurrent weed biomass, observed in no-till, reduced crop yields in 2016/soybean only. The combination of low crop diversity and low use of residual herbicides during the trial potentially led to the observed species shifts and increased weed density.

Cover crops impact phosphorus cycling and environmental efficiency in a corn–soybean system

AbstractSolutions to simultaneously meet crop phosphorus (P) demand and reduce P loss from agricultural systems are required to improve the sustainability of our production. Our objective was to determine the effect of cover crop addition (with cover crop [CC], and without cover crop [NC]) and P fertilizer management (zero P control [CN], fall broadcast [FB], and spring injected [SI]) on P cycling, agronomic P use efficiency (PUE), and environmental P use efficiency (EPUE), measured as the percent of P lost in runoff water, in a no‐till corn (Zea mays)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. The experiment was a 2 × 3 factorial. Both FB and SI increased P cycling through the main crop and cover crop tissue, compared to the CN. Cover crop did not affect main crop P uptake, removal in grain, or return to soil in crop residue, but CC treatment increased total P uptake and return in the system. Cover crop effects on P uptake, removal, and return were the same regardless of P fertilization treatments. Phosphorus fertilizer and CC treatments did not affect PUE. Both FB and SI P fertilizer management decreased EPUE, although SI tended to decrease EPUE less than FB. Cover crop significantly improved EPUE only in 2019, when CC reduced erosion losses. Therefore, cover crops were not consistently beneficial for reducing the environmental effects of P fertilization, and their use cannot replace the importance of sound P fertilizer stewardship, including sub‐surface P placement. However, cover crops play an important role in improving EPUE in years with high erosion loss potential.

Effect of Irrigation, Phosphorous and Potassium Application on Root Traits, Soil Microbial Growth and Physiology of Green Gram

Aims: To manage the implication of irrigation water at different growth stages coupled with basal phosphorus and foliar potassium application targeting to reduce water stress.&#x0D; Study Design: Split split-plot design.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural Research Station, Chatabar, Odisha. India, during 2022-2023 cropping season.&#x0D; Methodology: Three irrigation treatments in main plots (I1, I2 and I3) - I1 included three irrigations at vegetative, flowering and pod formation periods, I2 skipped one irrigation at pod formation and I3 skipped at flowering. Sub-plot consisted of phosphorus fertilizer treatments (P1, P2 and P3) providing 100, 85 and 115% recommended dose of P. In sub sub-plots- 2% foliar spray of KCl at vegetative and flower initiation periods. The parameters recorded soil moisture depletion, root traits, microbiological parameters, plant physiological parameters and grain yield.&#x0D; Results: The depletion of soil moisture increased with crop growth; I3 depleted at a maximum rate (4.5 mm d-1) followed by I2 (4.1 mm d-1). The enhanced availability of root zone soil moisture improved microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA). The I1 improved the maximum root tips, forks and crossings; while I3 reduced an overall of 131% of the root traits than I1. The crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI) were also improved according to soil moisture availability; however, I2 merely decreased 8 and 13% in CGR and LAI as compared to I1. P3 improved the maximum of the soil microbiology (MBC and DHA), root improvement and plant physiology. I1P3 produced the highest grain yield of 9.06 q ha-1, although, I2P3 produced was just 7% lower than I1P1.&#x0D; Conclusion: The application of three irrigation produced maximum grain yield; while the skipping of one irrigation at pod formation stage with 15% higher P application could provide satisfactory yield where availability of irrigation water is limited.

The Effect of Different Fertilizer Treatments of Plant Traits on Faba Bean during Flowering Periods

The experiment was conducted at Dicle University Field Crops Department, Southeast Anatolia, Diyarbakir Turkey in the 2018-2019 early spring growth periods. The study aimed to determine the effect of fertilizer treatments (control, phosphorus, nitrogen, organic, and Rhizobium) on plant traits of different faba bean cultivars (Filiz 99, Eresen 87, and Salkim). Plants were harvested in three different periods pre-flowering (43-62 days after sowing), full-flowering (52-75 days), and post-flowering (78-98 days), and shoot and root traits were evaluated. Fresh plant biomass, stem height, fresh and dry root weight, fresh and dry nodule weight, fresh leaf weight, and fresh and dry pod weight were responding to nitrogen fertilizer treatments depending on flowering periods. The number of nodules and fresh and dry nodule weight was affected to a different degree in both nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments. Nodule weight showed a negative response to rhizobium inoculation. We determined that nitrogen (40 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (80 kg ha-1) fertilizer treatments on faba beans were important. However, we have not belied that fertilizer applications should not be applied for sustainable agriculture because of their high environmental efficiency.

Soil organic matter turnover rates increase to match increased inputs in grazed grasslands

Managed grasslands have the potential to store carbon (C) and partially mitigate climate change. However, it remains difficult to predict potential C storage under a given soil or management practice. To study C storage dynamics due to long-term (1952–2009) phosphorus (P) fertilizer and irrigation treatments in New Zealand grasslands, we measured radiocarbon (14C) in archived soil along with observed changes in C stocks to constrain a compartmental soil model. Productivity increases from P application and irrigation in these trials resulted in very similar C accumulation rates between 1959 and 2009. The ∆14C changes over the same time period were similar in plots that were both irrigated and fertilized, and only differed in a non-irrigated fertilized plot. Model results indicated that decomposition rates of fast cycling C (0.1 to 0.2 year−1) increased to nearly offset increases in inputs. With increasing P fertilization, decomposition rates also increased in the slow pool (0.005 to 0.008 year−1). Our findings show sustained, significant (i.e. greater than 4 per mille) increases in C stocks regardless of treatment or inputs. As the majority of fresh inputs remain in the soil for less than 10 years, these long term increases reflect dynamics of the slow pool. Additionally, frequent irrigation was associated with reduced stocks and increased decomposition of fresh plant material. Rates of C gain and decay highlight trade-offs between productivity, nutrient availability, and soil C sequestration as a climate change mitigation strategy.

Effect of Bio-Fertilizer, Organic and Mineral Fertilizaters on Soybean Yield and Nutrients Uptake under Sandy Soil Conditions

During the two consecutive summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 at Faculty of Agric.; Damietta University, Damietta Governorate, Egypt, two pot experiments were conducted to examine the effect of phosphorus fertilization, organic fertilization and inoculation with Azotobacter as well as their interactions on nutrient uptake and yield of soybean plants (Glycine max L.). The experiment was performed using split-split plot design with 18 treatments in three replicates, three treatments of organic manure in form of chicken manure (without, 8 and 12 ton.fed-1) as the main plot, three rates of phosphorus fertilization (0, 36 and 54 kgp 2o5.fed-1) as subplot and all treatments were studied twice; once in the presence of Azotobacter strains inoculants and the other without it as sub-sub plot. Individual organic manure increased N, P and K uptake by the plant, yield and its component (100-seed, g/plant, seed yield, g/plant, pod length, cm and pods weight, g/plant) and chemical composition of seed (N, P, K, protein and total carbohydrates%). Obtained results declare that phosphorus fertilizer treatments at 54 kg P2O5.fed-1 recorded the highest values of the mentioned parameters. Bio-fertilizers increased the traits especially in presence of Azotobacter comparing with the un-inoculated plant. So, the interaction between 12 ton.fed-1 chicken manure and 54 kg.fed-1 P2O5 in presence of Azotobacter was the best treatment to achieve the highest values of parameters under investigation during two seasons.

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Dekoko (Pisum sativum var.abyssinicum A. Braun) Yield and Yield related traits

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer levels on dekoko (Pisum sativum var.abyssinicum A.Braun) yield and yield components as well as to establish the net benefit at each fertilizer levels. The Experiment was conducted at Mekelle university Endayesus campus in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia in 2013/14. It was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four blocks. It comprises four nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer treatments combinations. Viz., Control (N0P0), 30 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 (N1P1), 60 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1(N2P2) and 90 kg N ha-1 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 (N3P3).The highest yield (2114.55 kg ha-1), biomass (5312.5 kg ha-1), nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency (4.58 kg kg-¹) and maximum marginal rate of return (499%) were obtained when treated with N2P2. From the present results it could be concluded that 60 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer rate would be optimum treatment combination for enhancing dekoko yield and yield components, NP use efficiency, and economic profitability. Therefore, application of 60 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 is recommended for better productivity and profitability of dekoko at low soil fertility levels.

Effect of N, P, K and Mg fertilizers on some vegetative and generative parameters of a sweet cherry cultivar

This two-year-study was aimed to provide results on the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium fertilizer treatments (control, NP, NPK, NPKMg) on vegetative and generative features of the sweet cherry cultivar ‘Carmen’. Examinations were performed in an orchard planted in 2012 on Prunus mahaleb rootstock with spacing of 5 x 2.5 m. All treatments improved the vegetative features of the sweet cherry trees in both years of 2016 and 2017. Fertilizer treated trees increased trunk cross section area (TCSA) with 51.3-63.1%, while control trees showed 48.3% trunk growth increase. Yields of control trees were lower in both years (5.9-7.2 kg/tree), than that of the fertilized trees (7.8-11.3 kg/tree). Treatments also increased the phosphorus (16-22%), magnesium (12-20%) and potassium content (3.5-18%) of the fruits compared to control treatments.

Fatty acid composition, diosgenin and trigonelline contents of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): effects of phosphorus fertilizer

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of phosphorus fertilizer treatments (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha−1 P2O5) on crude oil, diosgenin, and trigonelline contents and on fatty acid composition of fenugreek plants. Experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. Results revealed under different phosphorus fertilizer doses that crude oil content varied between 4.75 and 5.54%, diosgenin content varied between 0.43 and 0.52% and trigonelline content varied between 0.74 and 0.97%. The highest diosgenin and trigonelline contents were obtained under the 30 kg ha−1 P2O5 treatment and the highest crude oil content was observed under the 60 kg ha−1 P2O5 treatment. With regard to fatty acid composition, C18:2, C18:3, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C20:0 were identified as the major components and C14:0, C16:1, C17:0, C17:1, C20:1 and C22:0 were identified as the minor ones. Linoleic acid (C18:2) content varied between 42.78 and 43.44% and linolenic acid (C18:3) content varied between 26.77 and 29.21%. Except for linolenic acid (C18:3), the highest contents of all the other major components were observed with the 90 kg ha−1 P2O5 treatment.

Effect of Varieties, Phosphorus and Boron Fertilization on Sugar Beet Yield and its Quality

The present study was conducted at a private Farm, Kalabsho, Belqas Center, Dakahlia Governorate during the two successive seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. This investigation was layout to find the effect of Cultivars (Gloria and Diamond), phosphorus (0, 12, 24, 36, 48 kg P2O5 fed -1 as a mono-super phosphate) and boron (0 , 0.750 and 1.125 kg Borax fed-1 ) and their interaction on yield, yield components and sucrose of sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris, L.). A split-split-plot design with four replicates was done. Experimental unit (sub-sub plot) was10.5 m2 (1/400/fed) 3x3.5 m including 5 ridges each of 60 cm apart and 3.5 long. The importance findings can be summarized as follows:The highest values of top yield could be obtained from diamond in the 1st season and Gloria Cultivar in the 2nd one. The optimum phosphorus fertilizer treatments were 48 kg P2O5fed-1, thereby it caused a significant increase and the greatest values of top yield. Moreover, the response of sugar beet top yield to the interaction varietal effects X boron fertilizer levels was significant in the two seasons. Phosphorus at a rate of 48 kg P2O5 was the best treatment among other phosphorus treatments, which resulted in the maximum root yield in the 1st and 2nd seasons. Furthermore, control treatment (without addition) recorded the lowest mean in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. With expecting the impact of boron fertilizer effects on root yield, increasing its levels from 0 to 1.125 kg H3PO4 fed-1 tended to increase root yield in the two growing seasons. Generally, the highest total yield achieved from Gloria cultivar with mean 30.72 Mg fed -1 while, Diamond cultivars recorded 28.44 Mg fed-1 in the first season. Meanwhile, in the second season the same trend were observed for cultivars Gloria which surpassed cultivars Diamond.cultivars of beets, Phosphorus showed a significant increase in sucrose % and increasing boron fertilizer levels from 0 to 0.750 and 1.125 kg Borax/fed tended to increase sucrose % from 16.82 to 16.89 and 16.98 in the first season and 20.17, 20.23 and 20.30% in the second season, respectively. It could be concluded that all used treatments significantly affected on suger beet yield and its component. The interaction between Gloria cultivars, phosphorus fertilizer at the rate of 48 kg P2O5 fed-1, boron at the rate of 1.125 kg fed-1 recorded the best in all used treatments.

POTENSI PRODUKSI HIJAUAN DAN KOMPOSISI KIMIA RUMPUT SUDAN (Sorghum sudanense) SEBAGAI SUMBER HIJAUAN PAKAN LOKAL DI WILAYAH PAPUA

This paper aims to provide an overview of the potential forage production, nutrients and antinutrients chemical composition, and the potential development of Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense) in eastern part of Indonesia, particularly in the Papua island as a local forage ruminant. Local forage is very potential to be developed in Papua island, because it adapts to dry land and drought resistant, capable of growing back, and is very responsive to fertilizer and irrigation, as well as can be growth either in lowland and highland. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatments have significant effect to dry matter and organic matter productions of Sudan grass with their level dosage recommendations are 300 kg N/ha, 300 kg P/ha, and 150 kg P/ha, respectively.&#x0D; Keywords: sudan grass, fertilizer, forage production, nutrient and antinutrition

Nitrogen Additions Promote Decomposition of Soil Organic Carbon in a Tibetan Alpine Meadow

Core Ideas Litter addition increased C decomposition. Litter properties were more important than abiotic soil properties in controlling C decomposition. N addition would increase decomposition of SOC with added litter and decrease SOC accumulation by altering litter quality. In grassland ecosystems, nitrogen (N)‐induced changes in plant community often affect grassland soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and accumulation. However, there is no consensus on the biological and chemical mechanisms that underlie the response of SOC decomposition to N‐addition. In this study, we did a litter addition experiment to study the decomposition of SOC with added litter of six dominant plant species collected from N alone or N combined with phosphorus (N+P) fertilization treatments in a 7‐yr field experiment. The experiment showed that there were no consistent responses of plant chemical properties to N alone or N+P addition. Fertilization altered plants species' dominance in community, in particular the grass Elymus nutans. Litter addition significantly increased C decomposition, with the highest decomposition rates of SOC with added litter of all six plant species in N+P treatment. In general, both plant litter properties of organic C, total N (TN), lignin concentrations, and soil properties of SOC and TN, but not soil microbial biomass C, were the main factors determining cumulative decomposition of SOC with added litter. Litter properties were more important than abiotic soil properties in controlling C decomposition. This study indicated that fertilization with N alone or N+P can increase decomposition of SOC with added litter and lower SOC accumulation through changes in plant species' dominance and chemical properties of litter. In terms of maintaining high SOC and increasing soil C, N fertilization, whether in N alone or N+P, should not be used in these alpine meadows.

‘Chardonnay’ grape juices from different types of phosphorus fertilizer treatments

‘Chardonnay’ grape juices from different types of phosphorus fertilizer treatments

Effect of crop rotation on mycorrhizal colonization and wheat yield under different fertilizer treatments

Abstract Break crops are used in agriculture to reduce soil pathogens and improve yield of subsequent cereal crops. However, they can also affect soil microbial communities beneficial to plant growth including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Two wheat genotypes (IAW2013 and 249) were planted after crop rotation with canola or chickpea with different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer treatments (0 and 100 kg N ha −1 and 0 or 20 kg P ha −1 ) in the field. Plant and soil available N and P, AMF root colonization, shoot biomass, wheat yield and leaf δ 13 C were examined. While crop rotation did not affect soil available N and P, AMF colonization in wheat was on average 60% higher after chickpea than after the canola rotation. Wheat yield after chickpea increased for genotype IAW2013, and was positively related to AMF colonization for both genotypes. N and P fertilization reduced AMF colonization and yield, but increased shoot biomass and leaf tissue N and P concentrations. Leaf δ 13 C decreased with increased yield, suggesting that higher yielding and AMF colonized plants were less water stressed. In contrast to fertilization, cultivation of certain crops in the previous season, in our case chickpea, can promote AMF colonization of wheat roots, thereby increasing grain yield.

塔里木沙漠公路防护林地表凋落物分解对施肥的响应

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 塔里木沙漠公路防护林地表凋落物分解对施肥的响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201509061830 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41271341，41030530，41301038）；塔里木油田公司项目（971012080007）；水利公益性行业科研专项（201401049） Effects of fertilizer addition on surface litter decomposition in the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt Author: Affiliation: Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为探讨沙漠公路防护林地表凋落物的分解速率和养分释放动态对施肥的响应，采用凋落物分解袋法，对塔里木沙漠公路防护林地乔木状沙拐枣（Calligonum arborescens）同化枝、梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）同化枝和多枝柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）枝凋落物在施肥处理下的分解及养分释放特征进行研究。结果表明：经过420d的分解，3种凋落物质量残留率在对照（不施肥）、施用氮肥、施用磷钾复合肥处理间存在显著性差异（P < 0.05）。乔木状沙拐枣同化枝、梭梭同化枝和多枝柽柳枝在对照处理下的质量残留率分别为56.95%、31.32%和50.24%。施肥处理下3种凋落物均呈现出梭梭同化枝分解速率最快，多枝柽柳枝次之，乔木状沙拐枣同化枝分解最慢。施用磷钾复合肥极显著提高了3种凋落物的分解速率（P < 0.01）；施用氮肥则促进多枝柽柳枝的分解，抑制乔木状沙拐枣和梭梭同化枝的分解。凋落物分解过程中，对照组3种植物凋落物的C、N、P和K元素均呈现净释放状态；施肥后凋落物的N、P和K元素呈现出富集-释放的模式。凋落物初始P含量和C/N、C/P比值是分解初期的主导因素，初始K、木质素、纤维素含量和C/N、木质素/N比值是分解后期的主要控制因素。研究表明，施肥显著影响沙漠公路防护林地表凋落物的分解，增加防护林地表凋落物的养分归还量，延后养分释放的时间，改善塔里木沙漠公路防护林地的土壤肥力。凋落物初始C/N比值是预测塔里木沙漠凋落物分解的重要因素，且不同分解时期影响凋落物分解的初始化学组成有所差异。 Abstract:Litter decomposition determines the nutrient and carbon cycling processes and regulates nutrient return to the soil in many terrestrial ecosystems. Wood plant litter decomposition is a crucial biogeochemical process for carbon and nutrient cycling, especially in arid and nutrient-constrained ecosystems. However, the role of litter decomposition in extreme drought deserts and the determining factors remain debatable and poorly understood. The Tarim Desert Highway Shelterbelt consists of three artificial plant species that account for the majority of net primary productivity, and their litters are the major contributors to carbon and nutrient recycling. In such artificial desert shelter forests, the addition of fertilizer causes contradictory effects on litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics. This study aims to (1) examine how the addition of fertilizer affects surface litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics, and (2) determine the major factors influencing litter decomposition in arid deserts. The litterbag method was used to investigate the assimilative branches decomposition of Calligonum arborescens and Haloxylon ammodendron, and the branches decomposition of Tamarix ramosissima in the Taklimakan Desert Research Station. Filled litterbags were placed on soil surfaces at different plots in March 2013. Fertilizer addition and irrigation were implemented from March to November during the experiment. Litterbags were collected in May, July, September, and November of 2013, and in March and May of 2014. The mass remaining, elemental content (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), and decomposition rates of litter were analyzed at each decomposition stage. Results showed that after 420 days of decomposition, significant differences were found among control (without fertilizer), addition of nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer treatments. The mass remaining for the assimilative branches of C. arborescens, assimilative branches of H. ammodendron, and branches of T. ramosissima without fertilizer addition were 56.95%, 31.32%, and 50.24%, respectively. The decomposition rate of fertilizer treatments among different litters was the highest for the assimilative branches of H. ammodendron, followed by the branches of T. ramosissima, and then the assimilative branches of C. arborescens. The addition of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer significantly accelerated the litter decomposition rate of the three plant species, whereas nitrogen fertilizer increased the decomposition rate of the branches of T. ramosissima and restrained the decomposition rate of the assimilative branches of C. arborescens and H. ammodendron. During the decomposition process, litter nutrients presented net release patterns in the treatments without fertilizer. In contrast, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of the fertilizer treatments showed an accumulation-release pattern. The litter decomposition rate was determined by the initial phosphorus content and C/N and C/P ratios at the initial decomposition stage. However, the decomposition rate was controlled by the initial potassium, lignin, and cellulose contents and C/N, and lignin/N ratios at the final stage. Overall, the results suggest that the addition of fertilizer significantly changed the decomposition rate of surface litters, increased the amount of returned nutrients, and postponed the time of nutrient release. Improving soil fertility in the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt is essential in enhancing the quality of this valuable ecosystem. The initial litter C/N ratio is critical to surface litter decomposition in the Tarim Desert, and the initial chemical composition to surface litter decomposition rate varies at different decomposition stages. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

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Good strategies for water conservation, runoff or flood control and erosion management can be achieved by proper understanding of soil water infiltration characteristics. Three infiltration models Kostiakov&rsquo;s (1932), Philip&rsquo;s (1957) and Horton&rsquo;s (1940) were used to evaluate the infiltration characteristics of soils in a long-term fertilizer experiment in the Northern Guinea Savanna Agro Ecological zone with regard to the effects of long term land use and soil management. A double ring infiltrometer was used to conduct infiltration measurement on ten plots having different combination of Dung (D), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) fertilizer treatments. Thus, the treatments combinations were DNPK, DN, DK, DP, D, NPK, N, P, K and CT (no fertilization). Soils were predominantly sandy loam and bulk density and organic carbon were significantly influenced by the fertilizer combinations. Linear least sum of squares was used to obtain the model fitting parameters. Measured infiltration rates for plots that received dung (singly or in combination with mineral fertilizer) were significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) than for the CT plots. Kostiakov&rsquo;s and Philip models showed good agreement with measured infiltration due to large R2 (0.9956 and 0.986) recorded, respectively except Horton&rsquo;s model, which gave low regression coefficient between measured and calculated data. Based on R2 values obtained from comparing measured and calculated cumulative infiltration, Kostiakov&rsquo;s and then Philip&rsquo;s equations provided best predictions over Horton. Fitting parameters obtained are suggested for use of site-specific or management-specific solutions of infiltration-related application. Further work is required to obtain reliable fitting parameters for Horton&rsquo;s infiltration equation of the trial field. &nbsp; Key words: Kostiakov, Philip, Horton, infiltration characteristics, DNPK plots.

A combined application of biochar and phosphorus alleviates heat-induced adversities on physiological, agronomical and quality attributes of rice

Present study examined the influence of high-temperature stress and different biochar and phosphorus (P) fertilization treatments on the growth, grain yield and quality of two rice cultivars (IR-64 and Huanghuazhan). Plants were subjected to high day temperature-HDT (35 °C ± 2), high night temperature-HNT (32 °C ± 2), and control temperature-CT (28 °C ± 2) in controlled growth chambers. The different fertilization treatments were control, biochar alone, phosphorous (P) alone and biochar + P. High-temperature stress severely reduced the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and increased the leaf water potential of both rice cultivars. Grain yield and its related attributes except for number of panicles, were reduced under high temperature. The HDT posed more negative effects on rice physiological attributes, while HNT was more destructive for grain yield. High temperature stress also hampered the grain appearance and milling quality traits in both rice cultivars. The Huanghuazhan performed better than IR-64 under high-temperature stress with better growth and higher grain yield. Different soil fertilization treatments were helpful in ameliorating the detrimental effects of high temperature. Addition of biochar alone improved some growth and yield parameters but such positive effects were lower when compared with the combined application of biochar and P. The biochar+P application recorded 7% higher grain yield (plant−1) of rice compared with control averaged across different temperature treatments and cultivars. The highest grain production and better grain quality in biochar+P treatments might be due to enhanced photosynthesis, water use efficiency, and grain size, which compensated the adversities of high temperature stress.