Phosphate Bis Research Articles

Biotransformation of Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate (TCEP) in Sediment Microcosms and the Adaptation of Microbial Communities to TCEP

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), a typical chlorinated organophosphate ester (OPE), is an emerging contaminant of global concern because of its frequent occurrence, potential toxic effects, and persistence in the environment. In this study, we investigated the microbial TCEP biotransformation and the development of microbial communities in sediment microcosms with repeated TCEP amendments. The TCEP degradation fitted pseudo-zero-order kinetics, with reaction rates of 0.068 mg/(L h) after the first spike of 5 mg/L and 1.85 mg/(L h) after the second spike of 50 mg/L. TCEP was mainly degraded via phosphoester bond hydrolysis, evidenced by the production of bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) and mono-chloroethyl phosphate (MCEP). Bis(2-chloroethyl) 2-hydroxyethyl phosphate (TCEP-OH), phosphoric bis(2-chloroethyl) (2-oxoethyl) ester (TCEP-CHO), phosphoric acid bis(2-chloroethyl)(carboxymethyl) ester (TCEP-COOH), and 2-chloroethyl 2-hydroxyethyl hydrogen phosphate (BCEP-OH) were also identified as microbial TCEP transformation products, indicating that TCEP degradation may follow hydrolytic dechlorination and oxidation pathways. Microbial community compositions in TCEP-amended microcosms shifted away from control microcosms after the second TCEP spike. Burkholderiales and Rhizobiales were two prevalent bacterial guilds enriched in TCEP-amended microcosms and were linked to the higher abundances of alkaline and acid phosphatase genes and genes involved in the metabolism of 2-chloroethanol, a side product of TCEP hydrolysis, indicating their importance in degrading TCEP and its metabolites.

Improved carrier injection and balance in solution-processed blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes based on mixed host system and their transient electroluminescence

Solution processed blue phosphorescent organic devices based on mixed host system were fabricated in this paper. A set of blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) utilizing two small molecular materials of 3,3-Di(9H-carbazol-9-yl) biphenyl (mCBP) and 4,4′,4′′-tris(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine (TCTA) as mixed host doped with phosphor bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridina-to-N,C2](picolinate) iridium(III) (FIrpic) are fabricated. The results show that the performance of mixed host system devices is improved compared with two single host devices. The max luminance of 23,340 cd/m2 is achieved in the mCBP:TCTA (2:1) mixed host device while the 14,400 cd/m2 in mCBP single host devices and the 12,968 cd/m2 in TCTA, and the current efficiency is improved from 8.17 cd/A(mCBP), 9.61 cd/A (TCTA) to 13.62 cd/A at the luminance of 1000 cd/m2. The transient electroluminescence measurement was utilized to detect the carrier injection between two kinds of PhOLEDs and penetrate how the trap charges works in the mixed host devices. This presents that the mixed host system contributes to the hole injection and the equilibrium of the carrier transport, reduces trapped charges, thus brings about high efficiency devices.

Green and yellow pyridazine-based phosphorescent Iridium(III) complexes for high-efficiency and low-cost organic light-emitting diodes

Despite efficient electroluminescence performance, the high fabrication cost due to the utilization of noble metals impedes the commercialization of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) based on iridium(III) complexes. In this paper, we designed and synthesized a series of green and yellow phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes with 3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine as the cyclometalating ligand to fabricate high-performance and low-cost PHOLEDs. By the introduction of a pyridazine moiety to enhance the coordination bond between iridium(III) ion and cyclometalating ligands, these iridium(III) complexes were obtained in high yields and exhibit good thermal stabilities and volatilities, which are beneficial to reduce the device manufacturing cost. Besides, high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and short phosphorescent lifetimes of these pyridazine-based iridium(III) complexes endow their PHOLEDs with excellent device performance, which can be promising for practical applications. Particularly, the green emitter (fpdz)2Irpic exhibited a high PLQY of 0.89 in solid doped thin-film; PHOLED based on (fpdz)2Irpic achieved an outstanding maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 28.7% with ultralow efficiency roll-off of 2% at the high luminance of 1000 cd m−2, which was superior to the commercial green phosphor bis(phenylpyridineyl)iridium(acetylacetonate) [(ppy)2Ir(acac), EQEmax = 24.2%].

Assistant dopant system in solution processed phosphorescent OLEDs and its mechanism reveal

We have developed an assistant dopant system in phosphorescent OLEDs. The system is consisted of a conventional host material 4,4′-Bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP), a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-1,3-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) and a red phosphor Bis[2-(4-n-hexylphenyl)quinoline](acetylacetonate)iridium(III) (Hex-Ir(phq)2(acac)), it has achieved maximum current efficiency and external quantum efficiency of 21.52 cd/A and 9.22%, respectively. The intrinsic mechanism and energy transfer process in the system have been discussed in detail. Moreover, a satisfactory critical current density J0 of 106.1 mA/cm2 has been obtained when the assistant dopant concentration ascends to a suitable level, which indicated low efficiency roll-off of the device. By investigating the exciton generation mechanism and the transient electroluminescence (EL), the main cause of the improvement has been revealed.

Adamantane-based wide-bandgap host material: blue electrophosphorescence with high efficiency and very high brightness.

An adamantane-based host material, namely, 4-{3-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]adamantan-1-yl}benzonitrile (CzCN-Ad), was prepared by linking an electron-donating carbazole unit and an electron-accepting benzonitrile moiety through an adamantane bridge. In this approach, two functional groups were attached to tetrahedral points of adamantane to construct an "sp(3)" topological configuration. This design strategy endows the host material with a high triplet energy of 3.03 eV due to the disruption of intramolecular charge transfer. Although CzCN-Ad has a low molecular weight, the rigid nonconjugated adamantane bridge results in a glass transition temperature of 89 °C. These features make CzCN-Ad suitable for fabricating blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The devices based on sky-blue phosphor bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C(2')](picolinato)iridium(III) (FIrpic) achieved a high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.1%, which is among the best results for blue PhOLEDs ever reported. Furthermore, blue PhOLEDs with bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridinato)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate iridium(III) (FIr6) as dopant exhibited a maximum EQE of 14.2% and a maximum luminance of 34 262 cd m(-2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest luminance ever reported for FIr6-based PhOLEDs.

Phosphatase Hydrolysis of Organic Phosphorus Compounds

Phosphatases are diverse groups of enzymes that deserve special attention because of their significant roles in organic phosphorus (OP) mineralization to inorganic available forms (Pi). This work 1) compared the catalytic potentials of commercially acid phosphatase from wheat germ, sweet potato, and potato, and alkaline phosphatase from E. coli; 2) demonstrated that the rate of hydrolysis, catalytic efficiency, thermal stability, and optimal pH of these enzymes depended on enzyme sources and the stereochemical or stereoisomeric structures of the substrates; 3) revealed that both acid and alkaline phosphatases exhibited broad range of substrate hydrolysis with high affinity for p-nitrophenyl phosphate bis (cyclohexylammonium) than the widely used p-nitrophenyl phosphate disodium hexahydrate for phosphatase assay. Sweet potato had relatively higher reaction kinetics (Vmax, Km, Kcat, Kcat/Km) values with most substrates tested. The order of catalytic activity was in the order: sweet potato > wheat germ > potato, while the order of substrate hydrolyzed was: PNPBC > PNP > PNP2A2E > DG6P2Na > DG6PNa > Bis-PNP > phytate. The optimum pH for the acid phosphatase was observed to be 5.0. Generally, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was similar to that of acid phosphatase with optimal pH between 10 and 13, depending on the substrates. Knowledge derived from this work would be helpful in enzyme catalysis in soils and water environments.

Silver trimagnesium phosphate bis-(hydrogenphosphate), AgMg(3)(PO(4))(HPO(4))(2), with an alluaudite-like structure.

The title compound, AgMg3(PO4)(HPO4)2, which has been synthesized by the hydro­thermal method, has an alluaudite-like structure which is formed by edge-sharing MgO6 octa­hedra (one of which has symmetry 2), resulting in chains linked together by phosphate groups and hydrogen bonds. The three-dimensional framework leads to two different channels along the c axis, one of which is occupied by Ag+ ions with a square-planar coordination. The Ag+ ions are disordered over two sites in a 0.89 (3):0.11 (3) ratio. The OH groups, which point into the other type of channel, are involved in strong O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The title compound is isotypic with the compounds AM 3H2(XO4)(HXO4)2 (A = Na or Ag, M = Mn, Co or Ni, and X = P or As) of the alluaudite structure type.

Design and Synthesis of Novel Sate Derivatives of Acyclic Isocytosine and 9-Deazaadenine C-Nucleosides

This article describes a very simple route for synthesizing novel lipophilic phosphate bis(t-bu-SATE) prodrugs of acyclic cyclobutylated C-nucleosides such as isocytosine 12 and 9-deazaadenine 19, which were prepared from 1,1-gem cyclobutyl dicarboxylate. Synthesized compounds were evaluated as potential antiviral agents against HIV virus. Some phosphate SATE prodrugs were more active against HIV than parent nucleosides.

Donor-Substituted 1,3,5-Triazines as Host Materials for Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

A series of new donor-substituted 1,3,5-triazines (TRZ 1−7) has been prepared by nucleophilic substitution of cyanuric chloride with carbazole, 3-methylcarbazole, phenol, and 3,5-dimethylphenol. These s-triazines have been investigated as host material for blue phosphorescent light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). All triazine based hosts were characterized regarding their optical and thermal properties. Different substitution patterns resulted in high glass-transition temperatures (Tg) of up to 170 °C and triplet energies (ΔE(T1−S0)) of up to 2.96 eV. The application as host material for the blue phosphor bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinato-N,C2)picolinato-iridium(III) (FIrpic) yielded maximum current efficiencies up to 21 cd/A.

High-efficiency turquoise-blue electrophosphorescence from a Pt(II)-pyridyltriazolate complex in a phosphine oxide host

We demonstrate high-efficiency turquoise-blue electrophosphorescence from bis[3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolato]platinum(II) [Pt(ptp)2] doped in 4-(diphenylphosphoryl)-N,N-diphenylaniline(HM-A1). Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with 5% Pt(ptp)2:HM-A1 attain peak power efficiency of 61.2 lm/W, versus 40.8 lm/W for analogous devices employing the standard turquoise-blue phosphor bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2′](picolinato)iridium(III) (FIrpic). Devices with x% Pt(ptp)2:HM-A1 exhibit blue emission maxima (λmax∼480 nm) with monotonic increase in excimer/monomer intensity ratio at higher doping levels within 1%–10%, causing color shift toward green and less charge balance. This work represents a significant step toward optimizing future white OLEDs from the same phosphor via combination of low-doped and higher-doped or neat films.

Organic White Light-Emitting Diodes Using Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Materials for Color Tunable Devices

First, we investigated the transient characteristics of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)(PFO)-based polymer OLEDs (PLEDs) doped with green emissive phosphor fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3] and red emissive phosphor tris(1-phenylisoquinoline)iridium(III) [Ir(piq)3] by applying the voltage pulse on the devices, and achieved the maximum luminance of 4800 cd/m2 and the ideal white emission with the Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.33, 0.35) at the pulse width and frequency of 100 ns and 1 kHz, respectively. Especially, the CIE coordinates can be tuned from (0.25, 0.29) to (0.51, 0.40) by varying pulse width and frequency. Second, we investigated white OLEDs with blue emissive phosphor bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2] (picolinate)iridium(III) (FIrpic) and some red emissive materials. Using FIrpic and red emissive rare earth complex of tris(divenzoylmethane)-mono(4,7-dimethylphenanthroline) europium(III) [Eu(dbm)3phen] doped in poly(N-vinyl-carbazole) (PVK), the white emission of (0.31, 0.38) in the CIE coordinates was obtained at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2. Utilizing the different transient characteristics between the host and dopant, emission color has been successfully tuned by varying the applied pulse width and frequency.

Low operating voltage bright organic light-emitting diode using iridium complex doped in 4,4′-bis[N-1-napthyl-N-phenyl-amino]biphenyl

A low driving voltage organic light-emitting diode using a yellow phosphor bis[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)benzothiazolato-N,C2′] iridium (acetylacetonate) as a dopant and 4,4′-bis[N-1-napthyl-N-phenyl-amino]biphenyl as a host was fabricated. The device without p- or n-doped transporting layer shows a turn-on voltage as low as 2.45V, and a luminance of 1000cd∕m2 at 4.3V. A maximum luminance of 23230cd∕m2 at 10V was achieved. The decrease of the device turn-on voltage may result from direct charge carrier trapping in the dopant and hole only transporting characteristic of the host material. Both charge carrier trapping and energy transfer mechanisms were found in the electroluminescence process.

AgNi3(PO4)(HPO4)2: an alluaudite-like structure.

The new title phosphate, silver trinickel phosphate bis(hydrogenphosphate), has been synthesized by the hydrothermal method. It has an alluaudite-like structure but shows some differences owing to the presence of the H atoms. The structure is isomorphous with the compounds of general formula AM(3)(XO(4))(HXO(4))(2) (A is Na or Ag, M is Co, Zn or Mn, and X is As or P), with the Ag atom, one Ni atom and one P atom lying on twofold axes.

AgCo3PO4(HPO4)2.

The structure of the hydrothermally synthesized compound AgCo3PO4(HPO4)2, silver tricobalt phosphate bis(hydrogen phosphate), consists of edge-sharing CoO6 chains linked together by the phosphate groups and hydrogen bonds. The three-dimensional framework delimits two types of tunnels which accommodate Ag+ cations and OH groups. The title compound is isostructural with the compounds AM3H2(XO4)3 (A = Na or Ag, M = Co or Mn, and X = P or As) of the alluaudite structure type.

Crystal structure of vanadyl monohydrogen phosphate bis(2,2'-dipyridine) monohydrate, C20H19N4O9PV2

Article Crystal structure of vanadyl monohydrogen phosphate bis(2,2'-dipyridine) monohydrate, C20H19N4O9PV2 was published on December 1, 1997 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 212, issue 1).

Cation Substitution in the Alluaudite Structure Type: Synthesis and Structure of AgMn3(PO4)(HPO4)2

Silver manganese(II) phosphate bis(hydrogenphosphate), AgMn3(PO4)(HPO4)2, a synthetic unoxidized variant of the alluaudite group, has been prepared hydrothermally and its structure has been determined from single-crystal diffraction data. It crystallizes in space group C2/c of the monoclinic system with Z = 4 in a cell of dimensions a = 12.263(1), b = 12.446(1), c = 6.649(1) Å, and β = 114.708(8)°. The structure is similar to that of NaMn3(PO4)(HPO4)2, consisting of a complex network of edge-sharing Mn(II)O6 octahedral chains that are linked together by both corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra and O-H ··· O bonds, forming tunnels along which Ag atoms reside. The principal difference arises in the occurrence of two sites for the Ag atoms, each partially occupied. The existence of a protonated series of alluaudites is implicated, to be contrasted with the natural alluaudites which are nonprotonated. A discussion on the differences between these two series is presented.

Synthesis and Structure of NaMn 3(PO 4)(HPO 4) 2, an Unoxidized Variant of the Alluaudite Structure Type

Sodium manganese(II) phosphate bis(hydrogenphosphate), NaMn 3(PO 4)(HPO 4) 2, has been prepared hydrothermally and its structure has been determined from single-crystal diffraction data. It crystallizes in space group C 2/ c of the monoclinic system with Z = 4 in a cell of dimensions a = 12.179(2) Å, b = 12.405(1) Å, c = 6.6602(8) Å, and β = 114.616(7)°. The structure consists of a complex network of edge-sharing Mn(II)O 6 octahedral chains that are linked together by both corner-sharing PO 4 tetrahedra and O-H···O bonds, forming channels along which Na atoms reside. The structure thus represents an unoxidized variant of the alluaudite structure type, containing Mn atoms in only the single oxidation state of + II. The structure is embellished by the presence of hydrogen bonds, evidence for which was obtained from bond-valence calculations, infrared spectroscopy, and thermal measurements which suggest the loss of one H 2O molecule per formula unit. Magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm the assignment of high-spin Mn 2+ in the title compound, as well as in its dehydrated form.

ChemInform Abstract: OLIGONUCLEOTIDIC COMPOUNDS PART 54, SYNTHESIS AND CD SPECTRUM OF ADENOSINE 5′‐PHOSPHATE BIS(9‐(4′‐HYDROXYBUTYL)‐ADENINE‐4′) ESTER

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 6, Issue 40 Natural Products ChemInform Abstract: OLIGONUCLEOTIDIC COMPOUNDS PART 54, SYNTHESIS AND CD SPECTRUM OF ADENOSINE 5′-PHOSPHATE BIS(9-(4′-HYDROXYBUTYL)-ADENINE-4′) ESTER S. N. MIKHAILOV, S. N. MIKHAILOVSearch for more papers by this authorJ. SMRT, J. SMRTSearch for more papers by this author S. N. MIKHAILOV, S. N. MIKHAILOVSearch for more papers by this authorJ. SMRT, J. SMRTSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 7, 1975 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197540403Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume6, Issue40October 7, 1975 RelatedInformation

Synthesis and CD spectrum of adenosine 5'-phosphate bis[9-(4'-hydroxybutyl)adenine-4'] ester

Synthesis and CD spectrum of adenosine 5'-phosphate bis[9-(4'-hydroxybutyl)adenine-4'] ester