Phonetic Structure Research Articles

Юго-восточный диалект мокшанского языка: фонетические особенности одного говора

Introduction: the authors consider the phonetic features of the subdialect of the Adashevo settlement of the South-Eastern dialect of the Moksha language. They describe such speech processes in the field of vowels and consonants as vowel reduction, consecutive vowels narrowing, devocalization of sonorants, palatalization, etc. The authors study the features of accentuation and consistently compare the South-Eastern dialect with other Moksha language dialects, and show its originality. Objective: to identify and describe the phonetic features of the subdialect of Adashevo settlement of Kadoshkinsky District of the Republic of Mordovia; to show the common and the different in phonetic structure of the subdialect in comparison with other subdialects and dialects of the Moksha language. Research materials: dialect material collected by the authors and Ogarev Mordovia State University students during linguistic expeditions in 2013, 2015 and 2019. Results and novelty of the research: the analysis of the dialect material revealed phonetic features peculiar to the South-Eastern dialect of the Moksha language in general and in particular to the subdialect of Adashevo settlement. Of particular interest is the narrowing of front vowels (*ä > e, *e > i), which in turn leads to the reduction of secondary narrow vowels. Cases of absence of reduction of narrow vowels in the anlaut of a word, which is unusual for other dialects of the South-Eastern dialect, are revealed. Cases of occurrence of positional affricates are described. The phonetic features of the subdialect of Adashevo settlement of the South-Eastern dialect of the Moksha language is being described in detail for the first time which until now has not been the subject of special research. The collected dialect material can be used in the compilation of a dialect dictionary and lexical atlas of the Moksha language. The revealed facts can contribute to the study of the history of the Mordovian languages.

The Phonetic structures of (Aziz) Potiphar's wife story in The Quran

This is a descriptive study of the structural composition of the story of the wife of al- Aziz, aimed at highlighting the significance of those structures and it’s different methods. At first, it tackles the study of the phonological structures as the initial window towards the analysis of the text, starting from the inventory of the sounds in the story, knowing the most and least mentioned in terms of their dual qualities as (loudness: whisper, strength: softness, elevation: lowering) and study its impact and correlation from the semantic angle of the story. The study also reveals the vocabulary’s homogeneous unity between sound and meaning, and how it relates to different story contexts. The qualities of the phonetic structure represent form rhythmic dimensions that carry the semantic depth of the meanings of the story, and it was formed out of 892 sounds.

ФОНОСТРУКТУРНЫЕ И ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СООТВЕТСТВИЯ ЯКУТСКО-ТУРЕЦКИХ ПАРАЛЛЕЛЕЙ (НЕБЕСНЫЕ ТЕЛА, ВРЕМЯ, ЛАНДШАФТ И РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫЙ МИР)

The article examines phono-structural and phonetic correlations of the Yakut and Turkish names of celestial bodies, time, landscape and vegetable world. The paper aims to identify the level of stability and the degree of variability of phonemic and syllabic structures and phonetic forms of nominal bases of the Yakut and Turkish languages. The conclusion is made that the structural form of the Yakut and Turkish bases coincides in 30.7% of cases, and the average percentage of coincidence of phonetic structures is 32.1%.

Audio Word2vec: Sequence-to-Sequence Autoencoding for Unsupervised Learning of Audio Segmentation and Representation

In text, word2vec transforms each word into a fixed-size vector used as the basic component in applications of natural language processing. Given a large collection of unannotated audio, audio word2vec can also be trained in an unsupervised way using a sequence-to-sequence autoencoder (SA). These vector representations are shown to effectively describe the sequential phonetic structures of the audio segments. In this paper, we further extend this research in the following two directions. First, we disentangle phonetic information and speaker information from the SA vector representations. Second, we extend audio word2vec from the word level to the utterance level by proposing a new segmental audio word2vec in which unsupervised spoken word boundary segmentation and audio word2vec are jointly learned and mutually enhanced, and utterances are directly represented as sequences of vectors carrying phonetic information. This is achieved by means of a segmental sequence-to-sequence autoencoder, in which a segmentation gate trained with reinforcement learning is inserted in the encoder.

Onomatopeia in Raditya Dika’s Novel “Manusia Setengah Salmon”

This study aimed to describe and explain the types of onomatopoeia found in Raditya
 Dika’s novel Manusia Setengah Salmon. Onomatopoeia refers to a word whose
 phonetic structure mimics a natural sound to represent the sound or action of the
 object that produces it. Onomatopoeia behaves differently in comparison to other
 processes of word formation. Its meaning lies outside the language itself due to its
 nature which is adopted from the natural sound. The data analysis technique was
 used in this research with descriptive qualitative analysis. The descriptive research
 attempted to describe and explain the data according to the theory proposed by
 Thomas (2004) who divides onomatopoeia into four groups based on the source of the
 sound: calls of animals, sounds of nature, sounds made by human, and sounds of other
 objects. Based on the result, the four types of onomatopoeia were found in the novel
 under research: human onomatopoeia, animal onomatopoeia, object onomatopoeia,
 and daily life onomatopoeia. From the word class, onomatopoeic words used in the
 novel consists of adverb, adjective, noun, and verb.

Perception of degraded speech by chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger): Word-level stimulus generalization.

One characteristic of human speech perception is a remarkable ability to recognize speech when the speech signal is highly degraded. It has been argued that this ability to perceive highly degraded speech reflects speech-specific mechanisms. The present study tested this hypothesis by measuring the ability of chinchillas to recognize noise-vocoded (NV) versions of naturally spoken monosyllabic words using operant conditioning in a stimulus generalization paradigm. Chinchillas do not generalize the vocoded words to be perceptually equivalent to the naturally spoken words. The responses from chinchillas to the vocoded words fall well below their responses to the naturally spoken words. In this case, pitch cues rather than speech cues may be controlling the behavioral responses. To reduce pitch cues, chinchillas were retrained using 64-channel NV words. The responses from chinchillas to the vocoded test words were now similar to those of the 64-channel versions and were similar to those obtained from human listeners. However, responses obtained from chinchillas to time-reversed versions were high and similar to responses obtained to time-normal versions suggesting that the cue controlling behavioral responses was the phonetic structure of the words. These results show that chinchillas used different acoustic cues than human listeners. The ability of chinchillas to recognize NV words as being perceptually equivalent to the naturally spoken versions is inferior compared to that of human listeners. The findings suggest that the ability of human listeners to recognize highly degraded speech is unlikely to be based solely on the general auditory and perceptual mechanisms that are common among mammals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Structured phonetic variation facilitates talker identification.

Listeners use talker-specific phonetic structure to facilitate language comprehension. This study tests whether sensitivity to talker-specific phonetic variation also facilitates talker identification. During training, two listener groups learned to associate talkers' voices with cartoon pseudo-faces. For one group, each talker produced characteristically different voice-onset-time values; for the other group, no talker-specific phonetic structure was present. After training, listeners were tested on talker identification for trained and novel words, which was improved for those who heard structured phonetic variation compared to those who did not. These findings suggest an additive benefit of talker-specific phonetic variation for talker identification beyond traditional indexical cues.

Tap your hand if you feel the beat: differential effects of tapping in melodic intonation therapy

ABSTRACT Background Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) is a structured, intensive therapy for recovery of verbal output in people with nonfluent, Broca’s type, aphasia. Stemming from the observation that people with nonfluent aphasia can sometimes sing fluently, MIT was developed with two distinctive “musical” features. The first is intonation of phrases, typically over a two-pitch interval, in a chant-like connected form. The second is pacing syllable initiation with a steady rhythmic tapping of the client’s hand on a table. Aims Research has suggested that people with aphasia may have a higher-than-typical prevalence of rhythm processing deficits. The present study investigates whether these deficits might affect therapeutic results from MIT. We hypothesized that a comparison of treatment with and without tapping would show positive treatment effects from the inclusion of tapping. We further hypothesized that the effect of tapping may be different, or even opposite, for people with rhythm processing deficits. Methods & Procedures The study included three participants who underwent treatment with MIT in two 5-week treatment blocks: one with tapping, and one without. Three sets of phrases were balanced for phonetic complexity, syntactic structure, and baseline performance. A set was assigned to each treatment condition, and the third set remained untrained. Spoken repetition ability across all sets was tested at baseline, between blocks, at the close of therapy, at 5-week follow up, and in probes each week throughout treatment. Propositional speech was also assessed at baseline and milestone testing points. Outcomes & Results Results showed that two participants who were assessed as having an intact ability to tap to the beat of music – intact entrainment – realized stronger treatment effects with rhythmic tapping. The third participant, who was assessed as having impaired entrainment, showed greater treatment effects from treatment without tapping. Conclusions These results suggest that testing individual MIT candidates for the ability to tap along to music, and modifying clinical treatment protocols accordingly, may result in greater therapeutic effectiveness of MIT for entrainment-impaired clients.

Tongan

Tongan (lea fakatonga, ISO 639-3 code ton) is a Polynesian language spoken mainly in Tonga, where it is one of two official languages (with English). There are about 104,000 speakers of the language in Tonga, with nearly 80,000 additional speakers elsewhere (Simons & Fennig 2017). It is most closely related to Niuean, and more distantly related to West Polynesian languages (such as Tokelauan and Samoan) and East Polynesian languages (such as Hawaiian, Māori, and Tahitian). Previous work on the phonetics and phonology of Tongan includes a general grammar (Churchward 1953), a dissertation with a grammatical overview (Taumoefolau 1998), a phonological sketch of the language (Feldman 1978), two dictionaries (Churchward 1959, Tu‘inukuafe 1992), journal and working papers on stress (Taumoefolau 2002, Garellek & White 2015), intonation (Kuo & Vicenik 2012), as well as the ‘definitive accent’ (discussed below) and the phonological status of identical vowel sequences (Poser 1985; Condax 1989; Schütz 2001; Anderson & Otsuka 2003, 2006; Garellek & White 2010; Ahn 2016; Zuraw 2018). This illustration is meant to provide an overview of the phonetic structures of the language, and includes novel acoustic data on its three-way word-initial laryngeal contrasts, which are cross-linguistically rare. The recordings accompanying this illustration come from Veiongo Hehepoto, a native speaker of Tongan currently living in Melbourne, Australia. Ms. Veiongo was born in 1950 on the island of Vava‘u (northern Tonga), but grew up and was educated in the capital city Nuku‘alofa on Tongatapu (see Figure 1). She moved to Vanuatu when she was 16 years old, and when she was 21 moved to Australia where she trained as a nurse. She continues to speak Tongan every day with family members (including children, who were born in Australia) and friends.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ РУССКОЙ ФОНЕТИКЕ ИНОСТРАННЫХ СТУДЕНТОВ

In this study we consider the important issues of work on the phonetic structure of the language at the initial stage of foreign students teaching, the actual problems of teaching Russian phonetics to foreign students, the peculiarities of development and improvement of their audiolingual skills are touched upon. We also note the necessity of possession and auditory skills, and pronunciation. It is established that in the work on the phonetic structure of the language, firstly, it is important to distinguish all the elements of speech and compare them with certain concepts, and secondly, it is necessary to implement the external design of the statement.

Sound recording as one of the techniques of language playing in the works of the writer K.I. Chukovsky.

 As is well known, an artistic text is a complex structure of elements that are diversely related and differ in their qualities. All these elements, which form informational and communicative qualities, «work»directly on the content plan. Identifying the linguistic-stylistic features of a work of art contributes to adeeper insight into the content of the work of art. The relevance of the research is connected with the increased interest of modern linguistics to the issues of speech organization of an artistic text. The purposeof this article is to identify the leading techniques of speech imagery in children’s works K.I. Chukovsky,acting as style-forming and text-forming components, as well as a means of creating a language game.Despite the natural limitations of the phonetic methods of lingual game, however, K.I. Chukovskyskillfully uses all the potentials of the phonetic structure of the Russian language, leading to a lingualgame. In the process of linguistic stylistic analysis, various phonetic techniques of expressiveness wererevealed: alliteration, assonation, epiphora, anaphora, onomatopei. The use of this arsenal of pictorialand expressive means makes the language of the works of K.I. Chukovsky emotional, easily remembered,understandable for readers, gives him texts dynamics and expressiveness. The study is significant in thatit solves questions of the modern theory of linguistics, questions of linguistic and stylistic analysis of thepoetic text, identifies ways to create a language game in children’s works. The results can be appliedto further theoretical studies in the field of linguistic stylistics, as well as in the teaching of disciplinesrelated to.&nbsp

Features of the evolution of the vowels of the first syllable of Finno-Ugric stem in the Mordovian languages

The phonetic system is one of the most important aspects of the language. The study of the structure and features of this system allows tracing both the current state and the history of the development of a language. The development of the phonetic structure of Finno-Ugric word stem in Mordovian languages is considered with the help of a comparative and historical method. The system of vowels of the first syllable in the words of modern Mordovian languages is compared with the reconstructed forms of the stem, which go back to the Finno-Ugric pro-linguistic unity (Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permian and Finno-Volga) and their etymological correspondences in the Finnish and Estonian languages. The article presents an analysis of the evolution of vowels of the first syllable of the Finno-Ugric word in Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages. On the basis of the achievements of modern Finno-Ugric studies, phonetic processes are observed in the field of vowels of the first syllable that transformed the primary basis of the word. The description of the features of the vocalism of the first syllable in Mordovian languages is carried out in terms of comparison with the reconstructed forms of the Finno-Ugric original language and comparison with etymological correspondences in the Finnish and Estonian languages. A comparative analysis of the vowel system of the first syllable of the Finno-Ugric word stem in modern Mordovian languages with their etymological correspondences in the Finnish and Estonian languages allowed us to detect phonetic processes that changed the structure of some languages. In some cases, these are minor changes, while in other cases, they are rather significant.

ФОНОСТРУКТУРНЫЕ И ИНТОНАЦИОННЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГЛАГОЛОВ ЗРИТЕЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗА В ЯКУТСКОМ И КИРГИЗСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

The article comprehensively analyses the phonetic structure and intonation realization of visual perception verbs in the Yakut and Kyrgyz languages. The authors consider the types of figurative verbs in the Yakut and Kyrgyz languages and identify the morphological and syntactical means by which they are formed. The paper ascertains the syllabic structures of the visual perception verbs characterizing the appearance, form and structure, constitution and stature, face and mimics, light perception of a human being. The experimental-linguistic method is used to analyse the acoustic parameters of their intonation realizations. Interval models are determined according to melodic characteristics.

Segmentation and characterization of acoustic event spectrograms using singular value decomposition

The traditional frame-based speech features such as Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) are specifically developed for speech/speaker recognition tasks. Speech is different from acoustic events, when one considers its phonetic structure. Hence, frame-based speech features may not be suitable for Acoustic Event Classification (AEC). In this paper, a novel method is proposed for the extraction of robust acoustic event specific features from the spectrogram using a left singular vector for AEC. It consists of two main stages: segmentation and characterization of acoustic event spectrograms. In the first stage, symmetric Laplacian matrix of an acoustic event spectrogram is decomposed into singular values and vectors. Then, reliable region (spectral shape) of an acoustic from the spectrogram is segmented using a left singular vector. The selected prominent values of a left singular vector using the proposed threshold, automatically segment the reliable region of an acoustic event from the spectrogram. In the second stage, the segmented region of the spectrogram is used as a feature vector for AEC. Characteristics of values of singular vector belonging to reliable (event) and unreliable (non-event) regions of the spectrogram are determined. To evaluate the proposed approach, different categories of ‘home’ acoustic events are considered from the Freiburg-106 dataset. The results show that the significantly improved performance of acoustic event segmentation and classification. A singular vector effectively segments the reliable region of the acoustic event from spectrogram for Support Vector Machine (SVM) based AEC system. The proposed AEC system is robust to noise and achieves higher recognition rate in clean and noisy conditions compared to the traditional speech feature based systems.

Иллюзия иностранной речи в структуре текстов Михаила Зощенко

Mikhail Zoshchenko creates specific configurations of word and stylistic constructions using foreign-language parentheses in form of separate lexems, expressions and syntactic structures inserted into passages of a protagonist’s speech. The phenomenon of compilation of Russian and foreign-language forms [or quasi-foreign — taking into consideration the significant number of distortions] can be illustrated by the short story ‘История с переодеванием’. The interlocutors in the text, who in fact cannot speak any foreign language, pretend to use ‘foreign’ words and expressions, involving themselves in a specific verbal game. Their dialogue consists of collocations carried to absurdity, for example: ‘...их бин ейне шамбер-циммер Испания. Компрене? Испания. Падеспань’; ‘Ву зет Германия, одер, может быть, что-нибудь другое?’. Such words and foreign illogical collocations appear to be a unique stylistic device in Zoshchenko’s texts. Their specific features are determined by foreign lexical units usually belonging to several languages. Most frequent are syntactic structures containing Germanisms and Gallicisms. What is more, in Zoshchenko’s texts the foreign parenthetic words and expressions are used exclusively in Russian graphics, which leads to certain changes and modifications of their semantic and phonetic structures according to the model of the Russian language. Transliteration does not reflect the adequate articulation of foreign words and, consequently, results in grotesque effects.

РЕВНОСТЬ И ЛЮБОВЬ В ПОВЕСТИ Л.Н. ТОЛСТОГО «КРЕЙЦЕРОВА СОНАТА»

В основе этой работы лежит новая точка зрения на воплощение темы, раскрытой в повести Л.Н. Толстого Крейцерова соната. Анализ произведения направлен на осмысление тезисов Позднышева о браке через призму мотивного плана и звуковых повторов (ср. брак бракованность, ревность зверь, видение свидание). В статье затронуты как общие положения, уже обоснованные в толстоведении, так и их новый смысл, развернутый в тексте путем соположения однокоренных и близко звучащих слов и их семантической отнесенности (термин Ю.И. Минералова Минералов: 272). The paper focuses on the issue of love and jealousy, which is central to a 19th century literary text. When analyzing The Kreutzer Sonata, the author looks at how Leo Tolstoy employs phonetic tools including similar phonetic structure of words like marriage vs. failure (brak brakovannost), jealousy vs. beast (revnost zver), vision vs. date (videnie svidaniye) to unveil V. Pozdnyshevs vision of marriage. The research demonstrates how some fundamental perceptions are reinvented in the text through the use of detail and word generation. Another avenue of research is aimed at uncovering motives embedded in the novella. The author considers the scope of research focusing on Leo Tolstoys The Kreutzer Sonataas there is much controversy around this novella. Without looking at the historical perspective, the author argues that the text is multidimensional. It is a clear fact that the maletofemale relationship is allimportant at all times. Alongside with the man vs. woman conflict and the musical theme which are central to The Kreutzer Sonata, there are words with similar phonetic structure which make the focus of our research. The research methods employed add a new dimension to the analysis of the text, as we reveal that the phonetic structure of words instills a certain rhythm and tone in the text as well as new symbols (see marriage vs. failure (brak brakovannost), jealousy vs. beast (revnost zver), vision vs. date (videnie svidaniye), etc.). The motives featured in this text and the semantic undertone to the phonetic structure of words merge to convey the underlying meanings which are infusing the novella. On the other hand, the analysis reveals the authors standing in the story which is not that transparent, even though L. Tolstoys late works seem to be rather didactic. The research reveals the novelists complex and conflicting vision of love in view of changing motives prompted by jealousy. The family story outlined in the novella prompts rethinking of the murder motives. The story ends in V. Pozdnyshev crying out and falling silent which aim to reveal this transformation. This way the changing outlook of the protagonist is uncovered through linguistic and poetic tools and discoursive techniques

THE ORDER OF STUDY OF VOWEL SOUNDS IN INTRODUCTORY AND PHONETIC COURSES IN THE GERMAN LANGUAGE (ON THE MATERIAL OF STATISTICAL AND DIACHRONIC STUDIES)

Most ancient vowels in the period of the birth of the German language are revealed. The phonetic structure of a single-root German word in the Old High German and Middle High German periods of the development of the German language is described. The statistical frequency of using vowels in the above periods has been determined. Key words: vowels and consonants, Old High German and Middle High German periods, frequency of use

Генезис, развитие и лексическая семантика цветообозначения ҡыҙыл ‘красный’ в башкирском языке

Goals: Тhe аrticlе aims to investigate the origins of the word ҡыҙыл ‘red’ in the Bashkir language, trace its evolution against the common Turkic background, and reveal the semantic message of the color term. Methods: Semantic analysis method — analysis of meanings of diverse color terms to denote ‘red’ — served as the leading research method. The comparative historical method was used to identify the common and specific in the evolution of terms and their meanings, a synchronous method applied to identify denotative and connotative components of meanings. Results: The study revealed that the current gloss qїδїl ‘red’ dates back to the proto-Turkic *Kϊř-ϊl ‘red’ which might have originated from the proto-Altaic form *kiūŕu ‘red; brown, dark’. The word is recorded in all Turkic idioms with some phonetic changes. In the Bashkir language it takes a number of phonetic variants, such as qїδїl / qїhїl / qїzїl. Changes in the sound composition of the word result from the emergence of specific sounds in the Bashkir phonetic structure. The main meaning of the gloss is designation of the red-orange part of the spectrum (red and its shades, i.e., orange, red, pink, scarlet). In addition, the lexeme qїδїl is actively used in word formation being involved in the formation of a variety of terms, such as phytonyms, zoonyms, anatomical terms, names of minerals, etc. Generally speaking, the range of red in the Turkic languages includes the red and orange spectra. Shades of red can appear monolexemic as in qїδїl (qїδїl sӓsle ‘red-haired’). In most cases, the red color saturation is expressed / formed analytically (qujї qїδїl ‘dark red’), as well as by particles and affixes to construct degrees of adjectives (qïp-qїδїl, selt / sem qїδїl ‘very red, utterly red’, qїδγїlt ‘reddish’). Moreover, the analyzed Bashkir lexeme has not only the meaning of color but also obtains certain connotative meanings. It has developed the following secondary connotations: ‘ripe’ (the transfer of ‘red’ > ‘ripe’ occurs in regard to ripe berries, fruits), ‘bright’ (resulting from the physical property of red brightness); ‘east’ (in Bashkir toponymy); ‘Soviet’, ‘revolutionary’ (in historical terms); various substances (blush, rust); ‘completely, very’ (i.e., a strong degree of manifestation of some quality / feature); it also acts as a mythologized color to perform a protective function. Conclusions: The paper summarizes that the Bashkir term has cetain proto-Turkic and proto-Altaic bases; in the course of its evolution the word has undergone phonetic changes, semantics assumed certain forms and developed against the common Turkic background. Nevertheless, in the Bashkir toponymy (different from other Turkic languages) the meaning of the color term red as ‘eastern’ comes to the fore which is explained by the red colour of the sky at sunrise.

Phonetic structure of Intonational prominence in 3 Dene/Athabasakn (ISO den) languages

In this paper, we examine the prosodic structure of Y/N Q’s and focus constructions in three related Dene/Athabaskan tone languages spoken in North American: Navajo, Dene Sųline, and North Slavey (Deline), known for their complex polysynthesis, representing a geographically widespread language family, from the American Southwest (Navajo), to northern Alberta (Dene Sųline) to the arctic (North Slavey). These languages share a strikingly similar phonetic inventory and morphological structure. One interesting feature is the phonotactic structure of the morphology—the monosyllabic verb stem is the location of phonemic contrasts: outside the stem the contrasts are severely reduced, making the stems phonemically and phonetically prominent. The stems are the rightmost elements in the verbal complex and in a sentence (verb final). Navajo has been argued to lack any kind of intonational prominence, but the northern languages show more typical prominence marking. In this study we lay out the difference associated to the demarcation of boundaries and prominence: duration and the acoustic correlates of pitch accent events associated with focus and YN/Q’s and boundary marking. Data is taken from conversation games models on map tasks. Findings indicate while phonetically and morphologically similar great variety is found in the prosody.In this paper, we examine the prosodic structure of Y/N Q’s and focus constructions in three related Dene/Athabaskan tone languages spoken in North American: Navajo, Dene Sųline, and North Slavey (Deline), known for their complex polysynthesis, representing a geographically widespread language family, from the American Southwest (Navajo), to northern Alberta (Dene Sųline) to the arctic (North Slavey). These languages share a strikingly similar phonetic inventory and morphological structure. One interesting feature is the phonotactic structure of the morphology—the monosyllabic verb stem is the location of phonemic contrasts: outside the stem the contrasts are severely reduced, making the stems phonemically and phonetically prominent. The stems are the rightmost elements in the verbal complex and in a sentence (verb final). Navajo has been argued to lack any kind of intonational prominence, but the northern languages show more typical prominence marking. In this study we lay out the difference associated ...

Building a multilingual ultrasound corpus

This paper presents a corpus of three dimensional ultrasound data focused on tongue shape during speech sound articulation. Our ultimate goal is to collect data pertinent to phonetic structures from as many languages as possible (at present upwards of 20 languages are represented) and to curate these data in an open access corpus that is freely available for use by other researchers. In this presentation, we review the structure of the corpus and present a series of case studies illustrating the ways in which three-dimensional data are being used to address questions of phonetic interest. Examples of such areas include: examining the articulation of laterals; determining the point of articulation for dorsal consonants; analyzing consonant and vowel coarticulation patterns; and elucidating how coupling of the tongue body with the tongue blade and root affect place and manner of articulation. Like the work of Allard Jongman and Joan Sereno, this project is inherently collaborative and includes ample opportunity for using guided investigation of targeted research questions to ease novice scholars into the research process.