Philosophical Positions Research Articles

"Everyday Body" Model of Physicality in Theoretical and Practical Heritage of Merce Cunningham

The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of the "ordinary body" model of physicality in the postmodern dance system based on the analysis of the theoretical and practical legacy of Merce Cunningham. Research methodology. The analytical method, the methods of analysis and synthesis, the typological, dialectical and comparativist method were applied, which contributed to the clarification of the place and role of physicality in certain philosophical and cultural positions, to the study of the problem of physicality in general and the "everyday body" model in the concept of representatives of postmodern dance, consideration of theoretical – the practical legacy of M. Cunningham, the understanding of the internal relationship between the categories "body" and "physicality" in modern dance. Scientific novelty. The conceptual construct of corporeality, formulated within the framework of postmodern dance, is analysed; the cultural-historical model of physicality "everyday body" was characterised and the features of its representation in postmodern dance practices were revealed; changes in the perception of physicality in the context of the transformation of the sociocultural space of the 50s and 60s of the 20th century are analysed. The understanding of corporeality in the theoretical and practical discourse of postmodern dance by M. Cunningham is considered. Conclusions. At the core of the postmodern system is the principle of randomness, which is positioned as an artistic expression of the involvement of many bodies in the space of action of forces independent of them. In search of ways to free oneself from bodily canons that were formed in the sociocultural space, Merce Cunningham methodologically used randomness as the principle of creating a new dance corporeality, which lacks a coherent image and becomes a flow. In the process of constant experiments, the choreographer's own idea of what dance is (how it feels in the body and how it looks on stage) evolved. M. Cunningham's activities allowed him to overcome the limitations of his own taste and give priority to "movement for the sake of movement" – the dance no longer conveyed the story, emotions or characteristics of the characters. The choreographer completely departs from established dance lexicons, discovering innovative ways of organising and representing bodies in space and time by means of random operations. Taking into account these and numerous additional innovations, in the history of postmodern dance, M. Cunningham exerted the greatest influence on the formation of the "everyday body" model of physicality.
 Keywords: modern dance, postmodern dance, physicality, model of physicality "everyday body", M. Cunningham.

Philosophical Attitudes to Mental Illness and the Role of Hope

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Ideas, Ideologies and Public Consent: Introducing the Issue

The concept of consent is essential for every society society, affecting almost all its spheres - from everyday life to socio-political bases. Therefore, it cannot be considered accidental that both the idea itself and the diverse directions of its interpretation, dating back to the era of early modernity, today constitute one of the most priorities, intellectually saturated segments in modern socio-political theory. It is impossible to deny the appeal of the doctrine of personal consent (and the parallel thesis that no government is legitimate unless it acts without the consent of the governed). It has had a great influence on the political institutions of many modern states and has been a major factor in the direction that political theory has taken since 1600. In the second half of the 20th century, two approaches prevailed in political theory, within the framework of which the process of formation of the consensus tradition: personal and historical ones. The most impact to the theory is made by criticism of the unilinear model of consent analysis in the works of George Klosko, analysis by R.D. Bernstein of the problem of consent in the form of critical remarks on the philosophical position of R. Rorty, the concept of socialist “consent strategy” developed in the 1980s by E. Laclau and Sh. Mouffe, the controversy of the Canadian political philosopher James Tully with neo-Marxist theorists, the philosophical interpretation of consent by Jürgen Habermas as part of his analysis of the “rationalization paradox” etc. This theoretical and methodological frame becomes a basis for the thematic volume, where the articles on the history of socio-political thought are followed by the chapter devoted to the problems of Russia between cleavages and social harmony. Russian problems are blended with an international context, and the issue ends with an attempt to understand the ideological attitudes of modern youth.

A Philosopher who has not Learned Wisdom

The article is devoted to the state of scientific research of the life, activity and legacy of V.E. Seseman, a Russian, Lithuanian, Soviet philosopher, one of the participants of the Eurasian movement. His fate turned out to be closely connected with one of the main ideologists of Eurasianism, L.P. Karsavin, a Medieval scholar and philosopher. The weak holistic elaboration of Sesemans legacy and life is due to a combination of reasons, primarily the lack of Russian translations of his main works written in German and Lithuanian. Another important reason is the low interest of researchers in archival sources containing important information about the biographies of Seseman and Karsavin. Previously unknown historical documents are actively used in the article. They recreate the dramatic tension of the 1920s–1950s, reveal important circumstances in the tragic fractures of the destinies of two Russian philosophers. Contrary to the established opinion, the author considers that the main real reason for the criminal prosecution of Seseman is not participation in Eurasianism, but a principled philosophical position, including expressed in open objections to the imposition of the supremacy of the principle of partisanship in the teaching of logic and against the reformatting of this science into an ideological discipline. theoretical development. Another reason for the arrests was the extreme carelessness of these university professors in informal relationships with others, many of whom were secret agents. The author of the article points out a striking gap between the high theoretical qualifications of two armchair scientists and their naive short-sightedness in practical behavior. The unreasonable credulity shown in real life by two thinkers translates the topic into the register of ethics and leads to questions about the personal responsibility of each of these theorists for the tragedy of not only their lives, but also the lives of loved ones.

Aesthetic knowing and ecology: cultivating perception and participation during the ecological crisis

This paper develops the concept of aesthetic knowing, its significance in perceiving and participating in ecologies writ large, and challenges that arise in engaging it during a time of ecological crises. I define aesthetic knowing as perception of the quality of relationship, and suggest it offers insight into how ecologies are intra- and/or inter-connected. Aesthetic knowing is the epistemological basis of a relational empiricism, a philosophical position which foregrounds the capacity to receive and respond to otherness, and I claim it offers an antidote to the isolating overreach of some theorising prevalent in environmental education (EE). My main purpose is to clarify the scope and nature of the relationship between aesthetic knowing and ecologies, so to offer methodological and theoretical context for educators and education researchers seeking to attend to healthy and threatened ecologies. Cultivating aesthetic knowing is necessary for responsive participation with/in any ecology, but can be emotionally difficult. As ecological destruction escalates, sustaining aesthetic knowing demands perception of, and participation with fear, while working with fear in turn requires aesthetic openness. I discuss approaches to cultivating aesthetic openness given this apparently wicked recursion.

Religious and Moral Ideas in Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's Journalism

The paper uses journalistic works (op-ed pieces for the media, speeches, press conferences, interviews, etc.) by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn to reveal the formation and development of religious and moral issues in the writer's worldview. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn continued the historical line of Russian political and social thought, which had always been characterized by polyphony, ambiguity, and variability. The writer himself had repeatedly drawn attention to how important it is to understand the dependence of philosophical attitudes of a thinker on their life experience and age. In the mature period of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's career, the main aspects of his religious idea can be highlighted. Firstly, the opposition to the ideological legacy of the rationalist philosophy of the modern age and the criticism of the idea of constant progress as an example of “delusional philosophy”, the desire to legitimize the sacred in the political discourse, the postulation of the need to abandon the political language in reflections on social problems and return to the language of spiritual and moral writings can be mentioned here. Secondly, this is the recognition of the organic connection of religious consciousness with the national cultural type, the critical attitude to globalism and unification, the desire to preserve the national identity as a guarantee of the spiritual development of mankind, since a nation emerges around a religious idea and preserves it. The paper also examines Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's understanding of the phenomenon of the nation and the intelligentsia, as well as the reasons for the writer's skeptical attitude to the prospects of cultural convergence between East and West. According to the writer, both competing models of sociopolitical development — bourgeois democratic capitalism and the communist utopia of economic equality — are based on the same spiritual foundations: rationalism and naive Rousseaism in understanding human nature, cosmopolitanism and recognition of the issue of the distribution of wealth as the key issue of human existence. The convergence of social systems suffering from the same vices in their slightly different forms would lead to nothing but the multiplication of these vices.

Различие идей Конфуция и Платона

West and East are two branches of human culture, two civilizations, two ways of life. West and East were perceived as "opposite" sides of the world, and this statement applied not only to geography, but also to mentality and worldview. The article discusses the features of Eastern and Western philosophy through the prism of the great ideas of Confucius and Plato, thinkers who had a huge impact on the further development of both cultures and value systems. The comparison in the article is based on metaphysical concepts and the value orientations that follow from them, the attitude to knowledge and to a person, as well as the way of thinking. In the context of metaphysics, the category of philanthropy, which is significant for Confucianism – ren, is considered in comparison with the theory of Plato's ideas, the differences are demonstrated, which later gave different vectors for the development of European and Chinese thought. These differences gave rise to dissimilarity of value concepts, and, as a result, a different understanding of knowledge. As a separate position for comparison, the concept of "aspiration" is taken as the desire for individuality in Western philosophy as opposed to the desire for harmony in Chinese. The reasons leading to such a difference are rooted not only in the personality of the thinkers, but also in a special cultural background and geographical environment. The analytical Western mind of the individual is opposed to the Chinese public consciousness, where the priority is harmony in relations between people at different levels. The author shows some basic philosophical attitudes important for both civilizations and the difference in the further directions of development of the two cultures.

Implications of Gunter Figal’s Hermeneutical Philosophy for Phenomenological Qualitative Psychological Research

Abstract This paper considers what Günter Figal’s perspective on objectivity and more generally, his hermeneutic phenomenology, may contribute to the traditions of phenomenological psychological research, as well as non-phenomenological approaches to qualitative research. Across qualitative research approaches and methods developed outside of phenomenology over the past 30–40 years, there has been a trend away from notions of consciousness and subjectivity, as well as objectivity. Günter Figal’s hermeneutical phenomenology retrieves these key ideas and recasts them with greater clarity and precision. These ideas, in conjunction with an understanding of the philosophical position of critical realism, suggest renewed possibilities and significant places for both objectivity and subjectivity within both phenomenological and non-phenomenological psychological qualitative research.

PAUL LEUCKFELD (1859–1930) AND THE INDUCTIVE PHILOSOPHY OF WILLIAM WHEWELL (1794–1866)

This article presents a little-studied issue of critical analysis of the main provisions of the inductive philosophy of the English thinker William Whewell (1794–1866) within the framework of university philosophy, in particular in the publications of the famous Kharkiv professor Pavlo Emilievych Leuckfeld (1859–1930). In this context, the main stages of Pavlo (Paul) Leuckfeld's creative and scientific path are indicated at the beginning, in particular his studies at the 2nd Kharkiv Gymnasium (1871–1878) and at the Faculty of History and Philology of Kharkiv University (1878–1883). Further, attention is focused on his teaching activities at Kharkiv University (1884–1918), in particular on his fellowship since 1884, teaching the history of philosophy and logic as a private docent (since 1886), extraordinary professor (since 1893) and ordinary professor of philosophy (since 1899). His participation in international philosophical and psychological congresses, in particular in Munich (1896), Geneva (1904), Heidelberg (1908), and the peculiarities of his scientific fellowship at the University of Graz (Austria) with the authoritative professor Alexius Meinong are also indicated. In addition, attention is paid to the main features of Pavlo Leuckfeld's teaching and publications during his “Simferopol (Crimean) period”, when he was a professor of philosophy and psychology there. Pavlo Leuckfeld's publications were devoted to three main areas: 1) logic and the history of logic, 2) psychology and pedagogy, and 3) the history of philosophy. Among the publications of the first direction, two of his monographs were of great importance: “Various Trends in Logic and the Main Tasks of this Science” (1890) and “Logical Doctrine of Induction in the Main Historical Moments of Its Development” (1896). In these works, he analyzed the relevant positions of famous ancient and English philosophers (Aristotle, Francis Bacon, John Herschel, and John Stuart Mill). An important place in his analysis is occupied by the critical interpretation of the inductive philosophy of William Whewell, presented in particular in the third edition of the three-volume work “History of the Inductive Sciences, from the Earliest to the Present Time” (1857). In this sense, the features of this work of the English philosopher were first pointed out, and then the main theses of Paul Leuckfeld in presenting his understanding of the position of William Whewell.

When philosophical nuance matters: safeguarding consciousness research from restrictive assumptions.

In this paper, we revisit the debate surrounding the Unfolding Argument (UA) against causal structure theories of consciousness (as well as the hard-criteria research program it prescribes), using it as a platform for discussing theoretical and methodological issues in consciousness research. Causal structure theories assert that consciousness depends on a particular causal structure of the brain. Our claim is that some of the assumptions fueling the UA are not warranted, and therefore we should reject the methodology for consciousness science that the UA prescribes. First, we briefly survey the most popular philosophical positions in consciousness science, namely physicalism and functionalism. We discuss the relations between these positions and the behaviorist methodology that the UA assumptions express, despite the contrary claim of its proponents. Second, we argue that the same reasoning that the UA applies against causal structure theories can be applied to functionalist approaches, thus proving too much and deeming as unscientific a whole range of (non-causal structure) theories. Since this is overly restrictive and fits poorly with common practice in cognitive neuroscience, we suggest that the reasoning of the UA must be flawed. Third, we assess its philosophical assumptions, which express a restrictive methodology, and conclude that there are reasons to reject them. Finally, we propose a more inclusive methodology for consciousness science, that includes neural, behavioral, and phenomenological evidence (provided by the first-person perspective) without which consciousness science could not even start. Then, we extend this discussion to the scope of consciousness science, and conclude that theories of consciousness should be tested and evaluated on humans, and not on systems considerably different from us. Rather than restricting the methodology of consciousness science, we should, at this point, restrict the range of systems upon which it is supposed to be built.

How Do Philosophical Positions Influence the Social Science Research Process? A Classification and Metaphor Analysis of Researchers’ Descriptions

ABSTRACT Textbooks for social science research suggest that studies are necessarily grounded in foundational philosophies that shape the research process. However, the literature does not provide a consistent picture of how philosophical positions shape research, and few studies have investigated researchers’ own ideas about this process. This study aimed to classify researchers’ descriptions of how philosophical positions connect to aspects of the research process and to investigate metaphors used to describe these connections. From a sample of 1500 journal articles, 73 papers were found that directly mentioned a philosophical position. The analysis found that philosophical positions are most often connected with study design and methodology, or with concepts and theories. The connections include that philosophical positions result in, support, match and result from aspects of the research process, and that philosophical assumptions could be inherent in methodologies and theories. Metaphorically, philosophical positions were a tool, path, location, support, resource, person and seeing. These classification frameworks can be used in future research to understand how researchers conceptualize philosophical positions and how this influences their decision making.

The Evolutionary Approach of Stephen Toulmin and Revision of Modern Rationality in the Philosophy of Science

Many philosophers of the 20th century guided their efforts into development of explanatory models to describe scientific change, and also tried to offer their methodologies as normative theories for scientific research. As a result, several different approaches emerged, some of which put greater emphasis on the theoretical content of science, others on the historical facts that accompanied these theoretical changes or caused them. Consequently, positions of philosophers differed on the issues of rationality, its continuity or gaps both in temporal and cultural-civilizational terms. One of those, who tried to work out a “middle” way and combine the advantages of the “relativistic” and “dogmatic” poles, was the British thinker Stephen Toulmin (1922–2009), whose famous books are “The Application of Argumentation” and “Human Understanding”. This article analyzes the main ideas and arguments of the author’s evolutionary model (most fully and densely presented in the second work), demonstrates the legitimacy of application of the evolutionary metaphor from biology to the field of history of science, the productive aspects of such approach, and the key points of critical remarks by other researchers. An attempt was made to find out why S. Toulmin abandoned the development of the project of his research program and further shifted his intellectual discoveries into issues of the genesis and revision of modern rationality. Based on this, the article summarizes those aspects of the criticism of the philosopher’s ideas, which could lead to a “negative selection” of his proposals, while similar like the works of other authors found more recognition and generated more active public discussions and further research. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the philosopher’s contribution to the development of methodologies, in particular Karl Popper’s and Imre Lakatos’ was rather non-linear and largely underestimated in the philosophical literature for a long time.

Edith Wharton’s Position on the Real in A Motor-Flight Through France: Arthur Schopenhauer and Aesthetic-Sublime Contemplation

ABSTRACT Edith Wharton's A Motor-Flight Through France, is not merely a collection of essays about trips through France; it is also a philosophical and experimental work about the “real” that engages with Arthur Schopenhauer's epistemology. For Schopenhauer the “real” is the eternal essence of all matter (“wille”), which is revealed only through the act of aesthetic-sublime contemplation. Wharton draws readers' attention to the text-as-text and flings readers across time and space to the sections in which she enacts Schopenhauer's philosophy by garnering insight through aesthetic-sublime contemplation rather than relying on technical or scientific methods of knowledge-making. Wharton also experiments with intentional misdirection to craft a work that might be read as simply recounting a series of physical trips or as laying out a complex philosophical position. Experimental motoring passages propel the audience forward, digressions and Wharton's approach to history, echo aspects of Schopenhauer's philosophy for readers familiar with his work.

Мотив чуда в романах Ф. М. Достоевского, И. С. Шмелева и А. Ф. Лосева

The paper explores the motif of miracle in Russian literature through a comparative analysis of the novels “Crime and Punishment” by F. M. Dostoevsky, “The Woman Thinker” by A. F. Losev and “The Heavenly Ways” by I. S. Shmelev. The specificity of the research lies in its focus on the authors’ religious worldview, as they belonged to different eras and held different religious, philosophical and aesthetic positions. The research demonstrates that they share an understanding of the motif of miracle based on the dialectics of faith, which forms a dialectical model of personality in their works. The aim of the research is to identify the distinctive features of the functioning of the motif of the Christian miracle in the selected works of Russian literature from the 19th and 20th centuries. The scientific novelty lies in revealing the dialogical nature of the motif of miracle expressed in the encounter between man and God and its world-constructing function determined by the situation of faith and lack of faith that shapes corresponding worlds within the literary works. It is argued that the motif of the Christian miracle is an invariant of the motif of encounter and is realised through the plot of doubt, which involves the choice between faith and lack of faith. The miracle is defined by the situation of dialogue between the protagonist and God. The protagonist’s attainment of faith is considered a miracle and is associated with his spiritual rebirth.

Is It Possible Not to Teach Philosophy?

Knowledge of philosophy is commonly imparted in various philosophy courses, and the teaching process may take multiple forms, ranging from a historical overview to interdisciplinary approaches. However, the theoreticians of education across different subjects and disciplines often turn to philosophy, and they adopt some philosophical assumptions about their field to set up warranted goals and methods of teaching, delineate subject matter, and identify skills they hope to impart. Due to this process involving lengthy theoretical discussions and intellectual exchanges, teachers pass on specific philosophical attitudes even if they are not explicitly teaching philosophy. This paper examines an intersection between history education and philosophy in particular. The focus is on philosophical theories of history that history educators directly address. The paper navigates a specific roadmap portraying the development of the philosophical approaches to the knowledge of the past, discusses diverging traditions, and shows their potential contribution to reaching educational goals.

Witnessing with Parrēsia: Fearless Speech in the Acts of the Apostles

The Acts of the Apostles is a relevant New Testament document for discussing fearless speech (parrēsia) in early Christianity. According to Michel Foucault, parrēsia is a verbal activity that ultimately constitutes a philosophical attitude, namely, the parrēsiastic attitude, in which the speaker is bound to his/her utterances and their risky consequences. More precisely, Foucault’s concept of parrēsia is framed by the notions of frankness rather than persuasion, truth instead of silence, courage in contrast to fear, criticism instead of praise, and moral duty in opposition to self-interest. This multifaceted definition of parrēsia seems to provide a heuristic framework of reference for exploring fearless speech in Acts. However, it is unclear whether this framework, which results from Foucault’s problematisation of Greek parrēsia, properly captures the picture of parrēsia in the narrative of Acts. The present article critically engages with Foucault’s multifaceted conception of parrēsia. Comparatively, it evaluates how parrēsia is similar to and different from expressions of fearless speech observed in the use of parrēsia in Acts.

The Fundamental Tension in Integrated Information Theory 4.0's Realist Idealism.

Integrated Information Theory (IIT) is currently one of the most influential scientific theories of consciousness. Here, we focus specifically on a metaphysical aspect of the theory's most recent version (IIT 4.0), what we may call its idealistic ontology, and its tension with a kind of realism about the external world that IIT also endorses. IIT 4.0 openly rejects the mainstream view that consciousness is generated by the brain, positing instead that consciousness is ontologically primary while the physical domain is just "operational". However, this philosophical position is presently underdeveloped and is not rigorously formulated in IIT, potentially leading to many misinterpretations and undermining its overall explanatory power. In the present paper we aim to address this issue. We argue that IIT's idealistic ontology should be understood as a specific combination of phenomenal primitivism, reductionism regarding Φ-structures and complexes, and eliminativism about non-conscious physical entities. Having clarified this, we then focus on the problematic tension between IIT's idealistic ontology and its simultaneous endorsement of realism, according to which there is some kind of external reality independent of our minds. After refuting three potential solutions to this theoretical tension, we propose the most plausible alternative: understanding IIT's realism as an assertion of the existence of other experiences beyond one's own, what we call a non-solipsistic idealist realism. We end with concluding remarks and future research avenues.

The natural of legal restrictions

The relevance of issues related to legal restrictions is evidenced by a number of provisions.
 Recently, the situation in the world has changed dramatically. At the current stage of human development, the importance of two subjects in the total number of persons operating in the international arena has increased in particular - an individual person and humanity as a whole. But now, as throughout history, finding a balance between their interests remains an important task.
 One of the means that serves to regulate relations in society and is aimed at deterring, as well as destructive activity and maintaining a balance of interests, are legal restrictions. Granting a person certain rights and setting their limits, imposing obligations, prohibiting certain actions, law with their help delineates the sphere of personal desires and aspirations by the interests of society.
 The formation of a democratic society and the rule of law is closely related to legal restrictions. The rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen are a priority, but they are not absolute and limitless. To maintain stability in the country, to ensure the conditions for the existence of each individual and the progressive development of society and the state, a system of restrictions on rights and freedoms adequate to the existing conditions is necessary.
 The need to study legal restrictions is also dictated by the fact that the rule of law cannot be imagined without a well-established and clearly functioning mechanism of legal influence. In accordance with the goals and tasks of legal regulation that have changed, the means of influencing the subjects of legal relations must also change. The issue of legal means, their qualitative use in law-making and law-enforcement processes is always relevant and has great scientific and practical significance. Without its proper solution, it is impossible to create an optimal mechanism of legal regulation.
 Today in science there are different approaches to understanding the essence and role of legal restrictions. This is explained by the integrative, generalized nature of the category under consideration. But since it is widely used in legislation at all levels and in legal science, there is a need to clarify the meaning of this concept.
 All the mentioned circumstances indicate the need to develop a unified approach to understanding the essence, role and conditions of the effectiveness of the application of legal restrictions at all levels, and therefore, the need for their full and comprehensive analysis.
 The analysis of the key term is completely neglected in modern literature. Especially according to all available sources of the unified version of the used category in modern legal theory. Although, at the same time, it cannot be claimed that there is a complete lack of attention to the concept of «ban».
 It is justified that the concept of limitation appears as a determining factor of legal discourse. The need to improve scientific ideas for law enforcement practice refers to restrictions as one of the methods of legal regulation, as well as differentiation of the limits of restrictions that regulate relations in other branches of law (housing, customs, agricultural, business, family, labor, etc.).
 It is proved that the terminological inadequacy of the definition of «restriction» confirms the ambiguity of its semantics revealed in philosophical, linguistic, legal, psychological, etc. discourses. This testifies to the huge potential content essence of the functional concept. Therefore, it is not enough to assess the limitations only from criminal law or from philosophical positions in the process of law-making or law­enforcement activities. In order to determine the positive long-term consequences of restrictive measures, a comprehensive approach to assessing the normativity of the proposed restrictions is justified.
 It was concluded that taboos are subject to spatial and temporal transformations and evaluations. Acceptable changes in restrictions are partial (temporary) as a means to improve the moral and psychological atmosphere in society (collective). Positive incentives are also expected from restrictions. The problem of the cross-industry functioning of bans and their uniformity is an important large-scale work that expects its promising development for the field of legal regulation.

What is Heterodox Economics? Insights from Interviews with Leading Thinkers

This article investigates heterodox economics, drawing on data from interviews we conducted with leading economists, using thematic analysis to identify three core concerns of our respondents: realism, power, and pluralism. Heterodox economists appear to value realism (as a philosophical position) and realisticness (as a property of theories and models). They share a concern for power in the world and in the economics profession and recognize the need to get it, for their own agency. They value pluralism of theory and method and insist that this must include heterodox approaches. Moreover, power and pluralism to some extent serve their pursuit of realisticness and truth.

Byronic motives in the image of Raskolnikov

The article examines the features of Byronism in Raskolnikov's - one of Dostoevsky's characters. Based on the analysis of the works of Byron and his characters, an attempt is made to generalize the main features of this type of characteristic of the Byronic hero. Through comparison with the "Byronic heroes" and their inner world, Raskolnikov's character is analyzed more concretely and accurately. At the same time, the images of heroes of different historical periods, different nationalities and different literary trends are compared, similarities and differences between them are analyzed. Based on the comparison, an attempt is made to identify and generalize the Byronic features present in Raskolnikov's character. The comparative-historical approach, methods of generalization, interpretation of the results were used in the study. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that in the course of the work, the features of Raskolnikov's image were revealed in the aspect of such a literary trend as romanticism. The author also analyzes the reception of Byronic heroes in Russian literature. The main conclusion of the study is that Raskolnikov, although he appears in Dostoevsky's work as a realistic character, may well be considered as the successor of the Byronic hero. The results of the research contribute to the study of Raskolnikov's image in all its complexity. In addition, the conclusions of the article can also be used in the study of Dostoevsky's literary and philosophical position as a whole.