O-phenylphenol Research Articles

EFFECT OF NONIONIC SURFACTANT ON POLYESTER PRINTING BY SUPER HEAT STEAMING

It is known that nonionic surfactant is an effective dyeing accelerator in polyester printing by super heat steaming. In this paper, 4 mol ethylene oxide addition of orthophenyl phenol (OPP-(EO)4) was used as a model compound of dyeing accelerator, and the dyeing behavior was compared with those of OPP and urea. OPP-(EO)4 was more effective than urea to accelerate the polyester printing by super heat steaming, however, it was quite ineffective in aqueous dyeing. An addition of OPP-(EO)4 in dyeing solution was found to decrease the dyeing properties, because the partition coeffi-cient decreased by the increase of the solubility of dye.Furthermore, change of the fine structure of polyester fiber treated with OPP-(EO)4 and OPP was investigated by X-ray diffractometry and dynamic viscoelastic measurement. The fine structure of the fiber was changed markedly by OPP treatment. On the contrary, the change was scarcely observed by OPP-(EO)4.From these results, the effect of OPP-(EO)4 on the dyeing improvement in polyester printing can be considered to increase the dye solubilization and the dye transfer in printing paste during super heat steaming.

Chemicals for preventing moulding in damp hay

Fewer than one third of more than 100 chemicals tested prevented moulding when 0.5% of active ingredient was added to hay containing 35% water or, alternatively, when 0.02% of active ingredient was added with 0.2% propionic acid or ammonium propionate. Chemicals which prevented moulding in these tests when used alone included aliphatic acids with 2–6 carbon atoms, sorbic acid, short chain aldehydes and phenols, propionic acid, fully or half-neutralized with ammonia, and 8-quinolinol and its derivatives. Formic acid, aliphatic acids with 7–9 carbon atoms, longer chain aldehydes and some fungicides delayed moulding for one to two weeks. Only formaldehyde, 8-quinolinol and its derivatives, and p-nitrophenol increased the activity of 0.2% propionic acid. Although the effective doses of propionic acid, ammonium propionate, and propionic acid, half-neutralised with ammonia, were similar, there was evidence that the presence of free acid in the formulation aided redistribution to overcome undertreatment of pockets in the hay. Further tests of 2-phenyl phenol, phenyl propionate and 8-quinolinol showed that the latter was the best candidate for development. Fungi of the Aspergillus glaucus group were first to colonise most tests that failed, indicating their high degree of tolerance of a wide range of chemicals, and their value as test organisms for prospective preservatives.

Teratological evaluation of orthophenylphenol in rats

Orthophenylphenol (OPP), an antimicrobial used as a chemical disinfectant and for post-harvest preservation of fruits and vegetables, was evaluated for embryotoxic and teratogenic potential in rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 0, 100, 300, or 700 mg/kg/day of OPP by gavage on gestation days 6 through 15. Evidence of maternal toxicity was observed among animals given 700 mg OPP/kg/day; pregnant rats in this group weighed less than controls during the period of dosage and gained less weight as compared to controls during the first four days of treatment. Increases in the incidences of two minor skeletal variants were the only effects observed among fetuses from rats given 700 mg/kg/day of OPP. No adverse effects on embryonal or fetal development were observed among litters from rats given 100 or 300 mg OPP/kg/day. Orthophenylphenol was not embryotoxic or teratogenic in rats at dose levels up to 700 mg/kg/day.

The effects of orthophenylphenol, tris(2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate, and cyclophosphamide on the immune system and host susceptibility of mice following subchronic exposure

The effects of orthophenylphenol (OPP) and tris(2,3-dichloropropyl)phosphate (Fyrol FR2) on immunological functions and host susceptibility to infectious agents were examined following subchronic exposure to nontoxic levels in adult mice. Also included in these studies as a positive control were mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CY), a known immunosuppressant and cytoreductive drug. Exposure to relatively high doses of OPP (up to 200 mg/kg body wt per day for 10 days) failed to alter immune functions or host susceptibility. Fyrol FR2 treatment induced minimal changes in immune functions and host susceptibility only at the highest dose tested (25 mg/kg per day for 4 days) as indicated by decreased lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens and increased tumor takes following tumor cell challenge. In contrast, CY treatment resulted in marked alterations in both immunological functions and host susceptibility.

Induction of tumours of the urinary system in F344 rats by dietary administration of sodium o-phenylphenate

Sodium o-phenylphenate (OPP-Na), a fungicide approved as a food additive in Japan, was given in pellet diets at dietary levels of 0, 0·125, 0·25, 0·5, 1·0, 2·0 or 4·0% to groups of about 10 male and female F344/Du rats for 13 wk and to male F344/Du rats for 91 wk. In the 13-wk study, urinary bladder tumours developed in one out of ten male rats fed 1% OPP-Na, nine out of ten male rats fed 2% OPP-Na, one out of ten male rats fed 4% OPP-Na and two out of ten female rats fed 4% OPP-Na. Five transitional cell carcinomas were observed in male rats fed 2% OPP-Na and one such carcinoma was found in a male rat fed 4% OPP-Na. In the 91-wk study, tumours of the urinary bladder, renal pelvis and renal papilla developed in one out of 21 rats (5%) fed 0·5% OPP-Na, seven out of 21 rats (33%) fed 1% OPP-Na, 20 out of 21 rats (95%) fed 2% OPP-Na and 17 out of 21 rats (85%) fed 4% OPP-Na. These were all transitional cell carcinomas, except for one carcinosarcoma in the 2% group. A dose-related increase in the incidence of non-neoplastic lesions of the kidney were observed in treated rats. In the 13-wk study, slight to moderate pyelonephritis was observed in six out of ten male rats and one out of ten female rats fed 4% OPP-Na. In the 91-wk study, moderate to severe pyelonephritis was observed in four out of 21 rats (19%) fed 2% OPP-Na and in all of 20 rats fed 4% OPP-Na.

CHANGE IN THE FINE STRUCTURE OF POLYESTER FIBER TREATED WITH CARRIER

Change in the fine structure of Polyester fibers treated with Carriers such as Orthophenyl phenol (OPP) and Methyl salicylate was investigated in relation to the study of organic solvent/water treatment. Furthermore, Polyester fibers heat-set under fixed and relaxed conditions were treated also in the same way.Crystallinity by density measurement, X-ray diffraction pattern, and crystallite size and lattice spacing of these fibers were investigated. The fibers treated with the Carriers, especially OPP showed a clear reflectance image of (010), (_??_10), (100) and (0_??_1) planes and increases in the crystallite size and the crystallinity.On the other hand saturation values of C. I Disperse Violet 1 of these fibers also increased by the Carrier treatment. These results are the same as those obtained for the treatment of Polyester fiber with organic solvent/water such as benzyl alcohol/water reported previously.Carrier treatment of Polyester fiber leads to a considerable change of the fine structure not only in the crystalline region, but also in the amorphous region

Mutagenicity assays of photochemical reaction products of biphenyl (BP) and o-phenylphenol (OPP) with NO x

Mutagenicity assays of photochemical reaction products of biphenyl (BP) and o-phenylphenol (OPP) with NO x

A Genetic Study of Resistance to Thiabendazole and Sodium O-Phenylphenate in Penicillium italicum by the Parasexual Cycle

Mutants of Penicillium italicum resistant to 0.5 mg/liter of thiabendazole (TBZ) were obtained only after mutagenizing sensitive conidia. Although mutagenized sensitive conidia did not yield mutants resistant to 7 or 500 mg/liter TBZ, such mutants were recovered after mutagenizing conidia from a strain resistant to 0.5 mg/liter TBZ The three levels of resistance were termed low (L), intermediate (I), or high (H). Diploids heterozygous for H mutants had H resistance; diploids heterozygous for L or I mutants had L resistance. Resistance to 50 mg/liter of sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) was determined by a dominant mutation, and diploids heterozygous for SOPP resistance were resistant. Haploid segregants from 14 diploid strains with different combinations of TBZ and SOPP sensitivity or resistance were genetically analyzed and indicated that L, I, and H resistance to TBZ probably results from a mutation in two or three closely linked loci. Resistance to TBZ or SOPP, two mutations for different conidia colors, a...

Urinary metabolism of orally administered Ortho-phenyl phenol in dogs and cats

The urinary metabolites from repeated oral doses of 3.7 mg o-phenyl phenol (OPP) to mature and immature dogs and cats were studied. At both age levels, dogs excreted significantly more OPP as sulfate and glucuronide than did cats. Puppies produced 4 times the level of glucuronides than mature dogs. No such age differences were seen with glucuronide formation by cats, nor were there any age differences in either group of animals for sulfate formation. Some sex differences were observed in conjugation of OPP in cats and dogs. The dominant urinary excretion product of oral OPP administration was the unchanged OPP.

Photochemical reaction of biphenyl (BP) and O-phenylphenol (OPP) with nitrogen monoxide (1)

Photochemical reaction of biphenyl (BP) and O-phenylphenol (OPP) with nitrogen monoxide (1)

Control of Postharvest Decay of Papaya1

Abstract Thiabendazole (TBZ) applied in a carnauba wax formulation provided effective control of postharvest diseases of papaya (Carica papaya L.) for up to 14 days at 10°C plus ripening at room temperature. Slightly greater control of disease was observed when TBZ was used immediately after a short hot water spray treatment (54°, 1.5 minute). A more severe hot water dip treatment (48°, 20 minutes) was not significantly more effective than TBZ alone. Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) in wax did not reduce decay when used alone or in combination with TBZ.

Occurrence of Orthophenylphenol During Manufacture of Lemon Marmalade

Orthophenylphenol (OPP) content in lemon peels was reduced to less than half of its original content with the procedure used to remove bitter substances. OPP content in peels decreased little after dipping them in water. The increment of OPP content in marmalade was proportional to the ratio of peeled pieces of lemon. OPP content of lemon marmalade prepared by an ordinary procedure from lemons containing 2.3 ppm of OPP on whole basis was 0.39 ppm, about 17% of the initial amount of OPP being present in the final product.

Phenol derivatives are immunodepressive in mice.

Mice exposed to a compound containing three phenol derivatives by being housed in cages washed with dilute solutions of the compound, developed considerable depression of the ability to generate plaque forming cells (PFC) in response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in vitro after a four week exposure. The depression became more severe with continued exposure up to fourteen weeks. Administration of orthophenylphenol (OPP), the most abundant derivative in the mixture, resulted in a similar immunodepression at 10 ppm and a slight depression at 1 ppm. Numbers of FcR+ lymphocytes and of macrophages did not appear to be affected by this treatment. The response to a T-dependent and a T-independent antigen were affected similarly, although the latter was depressed less markedly than the former. While these data are only preliminary, they suggest that studies should be performed in detail to elucidate the immunodepressive effects of compounds which are in wide use as household and institutional disinfectants.

High-Speed Liquid Chromatographic Determination of o-Phenylphenol (OPP) in Citrus Fruits

High-Speed Liquid Chromatographic Determination of o-Phenylphenol (OPP) in Citrus Fruits

Statistical evaluation of mutagenicity of a citrus fungicide orthophenylphenol (OPP)

Statistical evaluation of mutagenicity of a citrus fungicide orthophenylphenol (OPP)

Comparison of malt agar with malt agar plus orthophenylphenol for isolating Armillariamellea and other fungi from conifer roots

Armillariamellea isolations from the roots of dead and dying conifer saplings increased by 40% when o-phenylphenol (OPP) was added to malt agar compared with isolations on malt agar alone; they were similar on the two media from the roots of larger, healthy trees. This is attributed largely to the inhibiting effect of the additive on fast-growing Hyphomycetes and other fungi which are far more abundant in the roots of dead or dying saplings than in the roots of healthy older trees. Decay-causing Basidiomycetes other than A. mellea were isolated less frequently, whereas bacteria and yeasts were isolated more frequently, when OPP was added to the malt agar medium. This suggests that the additive must be used with discretion.

Calorimetric study of quinoline interaction with o-phenylphenol and coal-derived asphaltenes

A calorimetric method is presented for the simultaneous evaluation of equilibrium constant, K, and molar enthalpy, ΔH o , for 1:1 adduct formation of quinoline (Qu) with coal-derived asphaltenes in solvent benzene. Asphaltene ( A), together with its acid/neutral ( AA), and base ( BA) fractions used in this study were isolated from a centrifuged liquid product ( CLP) sample prepared from Kentucky hvAb coal at 27.6 MPa hydrogen pressure and 723 K, with reactor charged with glass pellets. The computed K values for the interaction of Qu and A, AA, and BA are, within experimental error, the same, 18–19 dm 3 mol −1; whereas there is large variation in the ΔH o values (Qu- A, −16.92 ± 0.21 kJ mol −1; Qu- AA, −14.74 ± 0.04 kJ mol −1; Qu- BA, −11.76 ± 0.04 kJ mol −1). For Qu- A and Qu- AA systems, hydrogen-bonding occurs between the aromatic phenols (present in A and AA) and quinoline, which is a strong hydrogen-bond acceptor, in addition to other molecular interactions. The hydrogen-bonding interaction in the Qu- BA system is lacking because both Qu and BA are hydrogen-bond acceptors. Since asphaltenes are really mixtures, we have taken a pure compound, o-phenyl-phenol (OPP), and obtained thermodynamic parameters for its interaction with quinoline (Qu). OPP was chosen to represent the aromatic phenols found in coal liquefaction products. Results obtained are: K (dm 3 mol −1): 10.4 (in CS 2), 6.2 (in CCl 4); ΔH o (kJ mol −1): −31.40 ( in CS 2) −27.80 ( in CCl 4). The solvent effect is apparent. By using o-phenylanisole as a model non-hydrogen-bonding donor (Dietz Blaha, Li J. Chem. Thermodynamics, 1977, 9, 783), the relative contribution of H-bond to π-interactions in the total enthalpy change for the OPP—Qu system is estimated to be 3:1.

Nature of hydrogen bonding in coal-derived asphaltenes

Near-infrared (n.i.r.) and proton magnetic resonance (p.m.r.) studies are reported of hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group of o-phenylphenol (OPP) and two coal-derived asphaltenes, and their acid and base components. The asphaltenes were isolated from two centrifuged liquid product (CLP) samples prepared from West Virginia, Ireland Mine bituminous coal under the same reaction conditions, except that CLP FB44–56 was prepared with the reactor charged with a CoMo catalyst, while CLP FB50-17 was prepared with glass pellets in place of the catalyst. The base asphaltene components from both FB44–56 and FB50-17 cause a decrease in the OPPOH absorbance at 1.44 μm in CS 2 and a downfield shift of the OPPOH p.m.r. resonance in CS 2, while these changes are not observed for the original asphaltenes or their acid components. Furthermore, the base asphaltene component from CLP 44–56 is more effective in decreasing the OPPOH absorbance when compared with the base asphaltene component from CLP FB50-17. Also, the absorbance of a pentane-soluble fraction of the acid asphaltene component at 1.42 μm in CS 2 from CLP FB50-17 is decreased upon addition of the corresponding base asphaltene component. Our results lead to the conclusion that the use of a CoMo catalyst leads to a base asphaltene component of lower molecular weight and higher hydrogen-bond acceptor strength.

Teratogenicity and Dominant-Lethal Studies with <i>o</i>-Phenylphenol

殺菌剤 o-phenylphenol (OPP) の催奇形作用および突然変異誘発作用について検討した.Wistar 系ラットの妊娠6日から15日に日量150, 300, 600および1,200mg/kgのOPPを連続経口投与し, 妊娠20日に胎仔を摘出して奇形の有無を検索した. 300mg/kg以上の投与量で母動物に急性症状が認められ, 妊娠中の体重増加は著しく抑制された. 1,200mg/kgでは投与期間中に91%の母動物が死亡した. 150および300mg/kg投与群では胎仔の発育に対する影響はみられなかった. 600mg/kg投与群では胎仔の死亡率が上昇し, 生存胎仔の体重は有意に減少した. しかし, いずれの群にもOPP投与によると考えられる奇形の誘発はみられなかった.さらにOPPの突然変異誘発作用を検索するためにマウスを用いて優性致死試験を行なった. C3H系の雄マウスにOPP100または500mg/kg/日を5日間連続経口投与した. 投与完了後, おのおのの雄に毎週2匹ずつの割合で6週間にわたって無処置の雌を交配したが, 優性致死誘発率の有意な上昇は認められなかった.

Enthalpies of hydrogen bonding of quinoline with o-phenylphenol and of hydrogen-bonding reactions involving the acid and base components of a coal-derived asphaltene

Calorimetric studies are reported of hydrogen bonding between quinoline (Qu) and o-phenylphenol (OPP). The enthalpies of hydrogen-bonding of the acid and base components of a coal-derived asphaltene with OPP and Qu are also reported. The results provide strong evidence that the acid and base components of asphaltene function substantially as hydrogen donor and acceptor, respectively.