Phenomenon Of Population Aging Research Articles

Profile of facial trauma in older adults cared for at a tertiary hospital of the Brazilian Federal District

OBJECTIVES: The phenomenon of population aging and the remarkable inclusion of older adults in the economically active population has increased their participation in injuries and accidents, including facial trauma. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of facial trauma in the older population of the Brazilian Federal District, as well as the gender, etiology, type of trauma, and treatment strategy regarding different age groups (60–69 years, 70–79 years, and 80 years or older). METHODS: This is a retrospective quantitative descriptive study using electronic medical records (Trackcare system) of older patients (aged ≥ 60 years) assisted at the Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital of the Federal District between 2016 and 2017 due to facial trauma. RESULTS: Out of 2382 records of patients with facial trauma, 139 (5.8%) were aged over 60 years. The main causes of facial trauma were falls, both in male and female patients. Facial contusion was the main diagnosis of facial trauma (25.2%), followed by fractures of the jaw (16.5%) and zygomatic complex (15.8%). Conservative treatment was the most common strategy adopted in the Emergency Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high prevalence of facial trauma in the geriatric population. Etiological factors such as falls and car accidents were highlighted in the studied groups. Conservative treatment and local guidelines were the preferred therapeutic approaches. Owing to the growth trend of the older population in the upcoming decades, exposure to risk factors for facial trauma tends to grow, thus requiring greater attention and specific knowledge from health professionals.

Investigating the business performance on the financial well-being of the Government retirees

Population ageing; where there is growth in the percentage of older persons in the population; is becoming a worldwide phenomenon due to better healthcare and lower birth rates. The phenomenon of population ageing brings with it both challenges and opportunities. The challenges of an ageing population include social, health and economic support of the elderly. Malaysia is recognizing the need to address this issue of financially supporting an ageing population. The purpose of the paper was to investigate the impact of business on the financial well-being (FWB) of the ageing, specifically the government retirees. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among retirees who were in business throughout Malaysia that employed a cross sectional design. Forty-one respondents were successfully interviewed. Statistical procedures for the analyses included descriptive analysis and a profile analysis using scatterplot on the perceived business performance vs financial well-being. The survey revealed that the majority of the respondents operated business in the services, trade or retail industries which were set up and fully owned by themselves. Resource wise, the majority had very low financial capital, human capital and social capital. The study provides some empirical evidence that the retirees in business may be categorized into opportunity driven and necessity driven groups. The paper concludes that there is a need to find alternative income generation methods for the necessity driven group. Making paid work accessible to the elderly must be urgently put on the national agenda.

Road safety of elderly pedestrians in the urban context: an approach based on infrastructure and socioeconomic variables

The world generalized phenomenon of population ageing, caused by an increase in life expectancy, has led to a more elderly being actively part of mobility and road traffic. In developed countries, like Spain, fatalities and severe injuries among elderly pedestrians in the urban context are a matter of concern since, in the last decades, the fatal accident risk for elderly pedestrians is rising. Although there is an extensive literature on the decline of driving and pedestrian skills in the elderly, few research has been devoted to the impact of the street type and socioeconomic factors per urban district on this type of collisions.The road safety analysis of pedestrians´ collisions is complex due to the diversity of the features, the dispersion of the data and the lack of infrastructure information associated to the accident location at official databases. The main target of this paper is the identification of the basic socioeconomic and infrastructure factors that contribute to elder pedestrian accident at urban level, taking the administrative units (districts) as territorial accident location. Madrid is the capital of one of the most rapidly ageing nations in the world, and was selected as case study because it also has a high proportion of elderly residents (19%). The Spanish General Directorate of Traffic (DGT) provided for this study the database (2006-2018) on accident statistics. The crashes involving an elderly person in Madrid were filtered to elaborate an ad-hoc data base. The study methodology was based on a negative binomial model to test the accident occurrence at district level. Results revealed the clear influence of the district population variables (density and total inhabitants) together with the activity centres associated to the elderly mobility, followed by the ageing rate and the road length per district.

Population Aging in Russia and China: Features and Socioeconomic Risks

The article is devoted to one of the main demographic challenges for Russia and China - population aging. In the first part of the work, the main trends in the transformation of the age structure are considered, and the conclusion is drawn about the heterogeneity of the demographic aging process in the studied countries. It was revealed that Russia, which entered the phase of population aging earlier than China, practically does not progress in terms of growth in survival rates and healthy life expectancy of the population, which is reflected in a noticeably lower rate of deepening of old age in the age structure. The aging process of the Chinese population is noticeably more balanced due to the absence of serious gender differences in mortality rates, as well as due to the significantly lower internal differentiation of regions. The second part of the article analyzes the existing and probable socio-economic risks caused by the aging of the age structure of the population of Russia and China. It has been determined that for both countries, the problem of intensive aging of the population is becoming one of the key ones. Even now, the BRICS countries (all of which, with the exception of Russia, have seen a significant increase in the share and size of the older generation) are showing a decline in economic growth. After the completion of the stage of implementation of the demographic dividend, these indicators may fall to extremely low values, which, under a certain scenario, may become a catalyst for the emergence of a new planetary economic crisis, given the contribution of the BRICS countries to the world economy (especially China). Overcoming the negative consequences of the phenomenon of population aging is possible only with the development of a systematic policy for maintaining sustainable socio-economic development in new demographic conditions

Flu Vaccinations in Pharmacies-A Review of Pharmacists Fighting Pandemics and Infectious Diseases.

The phenomenon of population ageing observed over recent years involves growing healthcare needs and the limited staffing and financing of healthcare systems, and as such demands some functional changes in the healthcare model in many countries. This situation is particularly significant in the face of a pandemic, e.g., flu, and currently COVID-19.As well as social education, preventive vaccinations are the most effective method of fighting the infectious diseases posing a special threat to seniors. Despite this, the vaccination coverage level in most European countries is relatively low. This is largely due to patients having limited access to vaccinations. In some countries, implementing vaccinations in pharmacies and by authorized pharmacists has significantly improved vaccination coverage rates and herd immunity, while lowering the cost of treating infections and the resulting complications, as well as minimizing the phenomenon of inappropriate antibiotic therapies. This article presents the role of pharmacists in the prevention of infectious diseases, pointing out the measurable effects of engaging pharmacists in conducting preventive vaccinations, as well as analyzing the models of implementing and conducting vaccinations in pharmacies in selected countries, and depicting recommendations regarding vaccinations developed by international organizations. The presented data is used to suggest requirements for the implementation of preventive vaccinations in community pharmacies.

Elderly retirement postponement factors: an integrative literature review.

This study aimed to search for scientific evidence published in analytical studies which address elderly workers' retirement postponement factors. An integrative literature review was performed searching for papers in Virtual Health Library (BVS) and SciELO databases from January 2009 to March 2018. Twelve papers were selected following consensus by independent reviewers, generating two categories: National Literature and International Literature. We chose this subject because the phenomenon of population aging entails different social and economic impacts between developed and developing nations, such as Brazil. In the analysis of the results, we found that elderly retirement decision involves a variety of personal, organizational and other factors (legislative, cultural, socio-political, technological). In conclusion, we note scarcity of studies on the subject, with exclusive samples of older adults in both categories, as well as that the greater or lesser relevance of a given factor will depend on the life context of each worker. Moreover, since retirement decision is a dynamic process, there is a shortage of longitudinal studies that need to be met with more robust national surveys of the elderly population.

208 - DIGITAL SOLUTIONS FOR PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTHY AGEING

Digital Solutions have recently come into the spotlight to address well-known political, economic and societal challenges raised by the unprecedented phenomenon of population ageing. Most of the digital solutions aim "ageing in place" by allowing old people and their families to manage disease and stay home and independent as far as possible. The Symposia "Digital Solution for Physical and Mental Health Ageing" aims to debate on the application of digital solutions for promoting a physically and mentally healthy ageing, by analysing challenges and good practices and future work in this hectic field. Some technologies and apps in the fields of therapy adherence in dementia, caregivers of people with dementia support; frailty screening and referral and how reuse the biomedical, and finally how to evaluate health multi-national pilots will be addressed.

Health profiles and socioeconomic characteristics of nonagenarians residing in Mugello, a rural area in Tuscany (Italy)

BackgroundHealth, as defined by the WHO, is a multidimensional concept that includes different aspects. Interest in the health conditions of the oldest-old has increased as a consequence of the phenomenon of population aging. This study investigates whether (1) it is possible to identify health profiles among the oldest-old, taking into account physical, emotional and psychological information about health, and (2) there are demographic and socioeconomic differences among the health profiles.MethodsLatent Class Analysis with covariates was applied to the Mugello Study data to identify health profiles among the 504 nonagenarians residing in the Mugello district (Tuscany, Italy) and to evaluate the association between socioeconomic characteristics and the health profiles resulting from the analysis.ResultsThis study highlights four groups labeled according to the posterior probability of determining a certain health characteristic: “healthy”, “physically healthy with cognitive impairment”, “unhealthy”, and “severely unhealthy”. Some demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were found to be associated with the final groups: older nonagenarians are more likely to be in worse health conditions; men are in general healthier than women; more educated individuals are less likely to be in extremely poor health conditions, while the lowest-educated are more likely to be cognitively impaired; and office or intellectual workers are less likely to be in poor health conditions than are farmers.ConclusionsConsidering multiple dimensions of health to determine health profiles among the oldest-old could help to better evaluate their care needs according to their health status.

Implement a Portable Smart Device for Elder Health Care

The population structure of Taiwan is evolving toward aged society. The ratio of elderly population over total population is increasingly approaching to 1/4 or above, leading to the increasing demand of the aged care in Taiwanese society. Further the increasing the long-term care cost would have a great impact on National financial burden. As for the delimitation on the growth rate of the elder population, we would like to develop an auxiliary aid capable of reminding people’s daily exercise, as well as detecting the people’s aged degree. In this study we implement such an aid by a cost-effective, intelligent ring type sensor capable of measuring people’s essential tremor as well as recording people’s daily exercise/showing them up at a user friendly interface. Based on the state of the art sensor technology, the intelligent sensor comes out to be capable of recording aged people’s essential tremor spectrum via fast Fourier transform (FFT) and their daily exercise simultaneously. With gathering both of detecting information, the sensor would be transmitting the information in a real-time fashion toward people’s cellular phone via a Bluetooth interface. Then an application on the phone could evaluate the degree of the aging and show the daily sport records toward the medical staff at the remote site. In order encourage elderly people to exercise and prevent elderly people from falling accidentally, the device also has fall warning function. It is believed via such a surveillance on elder people and referring their daily sport records in a long term fashion, the phenomenon of population aging could be effectively improved.

Daily functioning, verbal fluency and emotional functioning of patients with Parkinson’s disease treated pharmacologically and with deep brain stimulation

BackgroundThe population aging phenomenon of western societies results in an increase in the number of neurodegener-ative diagnoses. We aimed to examine the differences in daily emotional and cognitive functioning between patients with Parkinson disease treated with different methods and healthy adults of similar age.Participants and procedureThe participants (N = 52) were patients with Parkinson disease (n = 26) and healthy adults (n = 26) forming the control group. Daily, cognitive and emotional functioning were assessed with IADL, BDI II, COWAT and MMSE.ResultsSignificant differences (t(50) = 2.89, p = .006) in the daily functioning between clinical and control groups were found. The average scores evaluating the daily function of the patients treated pharmaceutically and surgically differed significantly (t(49) = 3.01, p = .004).ConclusionsThe study provides confirmation of the differences in the daily functioning of the patients, taking into account varied treatment. Undoubtedly, further research on this topic with a larger number of participants is required.

El envejecimiento: principal reto del Siglo XXI en la gestión política de los servicios de salud

Introducción: El envejecimiento “es un fenómeno demográfico asociado con la revolución científico técnica del siglo XXI; sus consecuencias unidas a características socio-demográficas pueden afectar la calidad de vida”. Nunca antes en la historia y evolución de los sistemas nacionales de salud y seguridad social, se ha hecho más urgente la necesidad de realizar una reflexión crítica profunda sobre la eficiencia administrativa de los actuales modelos de atención en la prestación, la calidad y la seguridad de los servicios de salud, concentrados por la naturaleza del perfil epidemiológico de la población, el comportamiento de la demanda y las limitaciones propias de su gestión, casi exclusivamente, en la atención de la enfermedad; el clásico paradigma de la atención fundamentado en la teoría del modelo biomédico, el cual establece factores de riesgo como variables a nivel individual, partiendo del principio de que las enfermedades y sus síntomas y signos, provienen de una anomalía o por un mal funcionamiento de los sistemas orgánicos. Como se observa, todavía en los tiempos actuales, en ausencia de un análisis sistemático y más riguroso de los nuevos contextos históricos y cambios constantes en los determinantes sociales, económicos y culturales del mundo moderno, se han diseñado y desarrollado políticas públicas que, por lo general, han fracasado en asegurar la equidad en los derechos de las personas a una atención oportuna e integral de sus necesidades para el mantenimiento de su salud y su calidad de vida, especialmente en la creciente población de las personas adulta mayores. Metodología: Para la realización de este editorial, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, con selección de artículos en diferentes bases de datos, como PsycInfo, Scopus, Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, EBSCO Health, Cochrane, entre otras, con el propósito de establecer la relación entre el gran reto de las actuales tendencias demográficas de la población adulta mayor en el mundo, su impacto sobre la demanda de servicios públicos y la necesidad de replantear las políticas públicas en función de los factores determinantes estructurales de la salud. Resultados: Se logra identificar la magnitud y complejidad del fenómeno del envejecimiento humano y la necesidad de replantear el proceso de formulación de la política social en salud, desde la perspectiva de los determinantes estructurales de la salud y la atención de las verdaderas necesidades de la población adulta mayor. Dentro del marco de estos resultados, el presente editorial, está orientado a llamar objetivamente la atención sobre el fenómeno del envejecimiento poblacional, su impacto en las políticas públicas de salud y la necesidad de replantear la gestión política de los servicios de salud con énfasis en la promoción de la salud.

Exploring the experiences of the older adults who are brought to live in shelter homes in Karachi, Pakistan: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe traditional joint family system in a culturally diverse Pakistani society shows great respect and care for older population by the families and their generations. However, in the recent years the phenomenon of population ageing in Pakistan is rapidly increasing due to demographic shift influencing life expectancy, along with changes in socio-cultural values. This transition has resulted in institutionalization of the elderly as an emerging shelter alternative. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the elderly people and to identify the reason which compelled them to reside in these shelter homes.MethodA qualitative methodology, with a descriptive exploratory design, was adopted for the study. A purposive sample of 14 elderly males and females were selected, from two different shelter homes in Karachi, Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was done to extract the themes and comprehend the data.ResultsContent analysis revealed five major themes: the circumstances of leaving home, experiences, and challenges to wellbeing before entering the care facility, coping with challenges, and decision to live in a shelter home. The analysis discovered that the elderly were experiencing lack of physical, psychological, emotional, and financial support from their family and children. It also indicated that migration of children for better career and employment opportunities, entrance of women into the workforce, and insensitive behaviour of children, left the senior citizens neglected and helpless. The findings also uncovered the challenges of unemployment and family disputes that the elderly had to face made them dependent, distressed, helpless, and lonely resulting in both their apparently willing and forceful decision to reside in shelter homes.ConclusionThe findings point to need for further investigation of the identified areas in this study through qualitative and quantitative researches. There is a dire need for increasing public awareness through the social, electronic, and print media, and providing capacity building training to HCPs for the care of the elderly. The lobbying group can act as a catalyst in persuading the government officials for the execution of a policy on retirement, day care and subsidized provision of health services for the betterment of the elderly.

THE IMPACT OF THE APPLIED TYPOLOGY ON THE STATISTICAL PICTURE OF POPULATION AGEING IN URBAN AREAS IN POLAND – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Abstract The aim of the paper is to review and compare the processes of population ageing in Polish urban areas. The study presents a novel approach to the problem, because in addition to measuring this phenomenon according to the National Official Register of the Territorial Division of the Country (TERYT) classification, it also measures population ageing according to the classification for urban areas (LAU 2 units) – Degree of Urbanisation (DEGURBA). Several traditional demographic measures for population ageing were applied, such as the median age, parent support ratio, ageing index, elderly dependency ratio, share of people aged 65 and older, and total dependency ratio. Also, Chu’s alternative measure of population ageing accompanied by a dynamic version of ageing index was computed. The values of these indicators for 2016 were compared with those for 2010. The authors carried out a more detailed analysis of the differences between the ageing of populations in urban areas according to the degree of urbanization (DEGURBA), and compared the outcome with the results of the TERYT-based measurement (the traditional administrative territorial division). The comparison of the outcomes of both the above-mentioned ways of measuring the phenomenon of population ageing showed discrepancies, namely the ageing process measured according to the DEGURBA typology proved to be less intensive than the same process assessed according to the TERYT typology. This indicates that there are differences between the statistical pictures of population ageing in urban areas depending on whether demographical and morfological aspects are taken into consideration or not.

Fire safety in planning of elderly residential facilities: a case study from Korea

ABSTRACTIn line with the global phenomenon of population aging, Korea is rapidly becoming an aged society. This research focuses on the lack of residential facilities for elderly people in Korea. It aims to explore the plans and current situation of elderly residential facilities and to identify the relevant challenges and issues. The case study of elderly residential facilities consists of three methodologies; the type of facility and physical evacuation conditions, the planning and usage of the facility, and interviews with relevant parties. The case study reveals fire safety issues by the degree of obsolescence and the size of the facility. It was found that the general response to obsolescence was unprofessional compared to the increase in remodelling demands. In terms of evacuation conditions, the facilities complied with the requirements for evacuation instruments, yet generally were lacking in proper instructions or concrete evacuation plans. The status of this was worse for smaller facilities. This research discusses specific issues with the floor plans, and interview records. Based on the analysis data, it suggests directions for future enhancement of the highlighted fire safety issues in the planning of elderly residential facilities, and the relevant institutional support plans as research outcomes.

"Something to Live for": Experiences, Resources, and Personal Strengths in Late Adulthood.

Due to increased life expectancy, the population segment of older adults has grown the fastest. The global phenomenon of population aging raises important questions regarding successful, positive, active, and meaningful aging. Given that aging is often characterized by declines in physical and mental health and increased risk for social isolation and depression, and given that the concept of well-being in old age is both elusive and complex, the present study explored how aging is experienced through a “bottom-up,” open-ended approach. Thirty-one in-depth semi-structured personal interviews were conducted with adults aged 60 and above in order to explore the question: what concerns older adults in their day-to-day living, and what are their perceived resources? The findings illuminated three prominent themes: (1) central concerns described by the participants as characterizing their experience at this life stage; (2) strategies employed by the participants to cope with concerns and to live a meaningful life in old age; and (3) resources and character strengths that facilitate coping strategies and enable thriving. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Ambient Assisted Living: A Research on Human Activity Recognition and Vital Health Sign Monitoring using Deep Learning Approaches

The rise in life expectancy rate and dwindled birth rate in new age society has led to the phenomenon of population ageing which is being witnessed across the world from past few decades. India is also a part of this demographic transition which will have the direct impact on the societal and economic conditions of the country. In order to effectively deal with the prevailing phenomenon, stakeholders involved are coming up with the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based ecosystem to address the needs of elderly people such as independent living, activity recognition, vital health sign monitoring, prevention from social isolation etc. Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) is one such ecosystem which is capable of providing safe and secured living environment for the elderly and disabled people. In this paper we will focus on reviewing the sensor based Human Activity Recognition (HAR) and Vital Health Sign Monitoring (VHSM) which is applicable for AAL environments. At first we generally describe the AAL environment. Next we present brief insights into sensor modalities and different deep learning architectures. Later, we survey the existing literature for HAR and VHSM based on sensor modality and deep learning approach used.

Understanding Inclusive Design Education

AbstractThere is a need for responsible engineering design to accommodate the diverse user requirements that come with the global phenomenon of population ageing. Inclusive design can address these diverse requirements through the consideration of a wide diversity of user needs within the design process. However, uptake of inclusive design in industry is limited, with designer awareness of the approach and its associated methods and tools noted as barriers to its uptake. This research aims to understand the current approach to inclusive design education within UK Higher Education Institutions, utilising interviews with design educators and a student survey. The study concluded that teaching of inclusive design varied between institutions with conflicting responses from academics and students relating to the methodologies taught. This study recommends that greater transparency should be encouraged between institutions to encourage the development of a cohesive inclusive design education strategy, in addition to the development of a framework to aid the implementation of appropriate inclusive methods and tools within the design process.

Effects of electrical muscle stimulation in frail elderly patients during haemodialysis (DIAL): rationale and protocol for a crossover randomised controlled trial

IntroductionThe phenomenon of population ageing is accompanied by increases in the number of elderly haemodialysis patients worldwide. The incidence of frailty is high in the haemodialysis population and is associated...

The Phenomenon of Population Aging: Major Economic Effects

Today most countries are experiencing fast population aging, which is going to last the entire 21st century. Its economic effects are multifarious and will in large part shape further dynamics of the global economy not only in the short or medium but also in the long run. Unfortunately, Russian economists and politicians are hardly aware of how diverse economic consequences of population aging are since their attention is focused on its narrow, purely pragmatic, dimensions (such as the raising of pension age, the deficit of the Russian Pension Fund etc.). The paper provides a broad overview of major economic effects of population aging from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. It examines the place of aging in the process of demographic transition, and forecasts its expected trends in subsequent decades for a few countries including Russia. Next, it critically reviews different versions of dependency/support ratios: demographic and economic; chronological and prospective; non-adjusted and adjusted for differences by age in labor income and per capita consumption. Special attention is paid to a basic scheme of relationships between key demographic and macroeconomic variables that highlights how population aging might affect employment, labor productivity, capital intensity, wages, returns to capital, investment and savings. Some additional effects are also analyzed, such as prospective changes in labor supply, human capital accumulation, technological change, real interest, and inflation. A general conclusion is that population aging is not per se a fundamental economic challenge that should endanger society’s welfare. Real dangers arise from existing institutions providing support for the elderly, which were established in the early to mid 20th century under completely different demographic and economic conditions.

The Phenomenon of Population Aging: Major Economic Effects (Ending)

Today most countries are experiencing fast population aging, which is going to last the entire 21st century. Its economic effects are multifarious and will in large part shape further dynamics of the global economy not only in the short or medium but also in the long run. Unfortunately, Russian economists and politicians are hardly aware of how diverse economic consequences of population aging are since their attention is focused on its narrow, purely pragmatic, dimensions (such as the raising of pension age, the deficit of the Russian Pension Fund etc.). The paper provides a broad overview of major economic effects of population aging from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. It examines the place of aging in the process of demographic transition, and forecasts its expected trends in subsequent decades for a few countries including Russia. Next, it critically reviews different versions of dependency/support ratios: demographic and economic; chronological and prospective; non-adjusted and adjusted for differences by age in labor income and per capita consumption. Special attention is paid to a basic scheme of relationships between key demographic and macroeconomic variables that highlights how population aging might affect employment, labor productivity, capital intensity, wages, returns to capital, investment and savings. Some additional effects are also analyzed, such as prospective changes in labor supply, human capital accumulation, technological change, real interest, and inflation. A general conclusion is that population aging is not per se a fundamental economic challenge that should endanger society’s welfare. Real dangers arise from existing institutions providing support for the elderly, which were established in the early to mid 20th century under completely different demographic and economic conditions.