Phenomenon Of Death Research Articles

The process of social death in patients with hip fracture

People with chronic disability and uncontrollable long-term complications following hip fracture have characterist.ics that may predispose them to social death. Continuous physical disability can have negative physical, psychological, and social consequences in these patients. To design care interventions for preventing and controlling social death, it is essential to identify the dimensions and characteristics of this process. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the process of social death in hip fracture patients. In this study, which was conducted using a grounded theory approach, 20 patients were selected with maximum diversity and 9 professional and non-professional caregivers also through purposive sampling followed by theoretical sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, field notes, and observations. Data were analyzed using the approach proposed by Corbin and Strauss in stages including data analysis for concepts and their dimensions and characteristics, the context, process extraction, and integration of the categories. One core category and 16 main categories, which consisted of 55 subcategories and 212 primary concepts, were extracted. The results showed that the core process of social death in hip fracture is an intentional self-destruction for getting liberated from the conditions of the illness and the disrupted social life after the fracture, which ultimately leads to outcomes such as isolation-seeking and death ideations in these patients. The core category of liberating self-destruction reflects the close relationship between the context, process, and outcomes of social death. The process of social death is social, multidimensional, and complex. So far, no explanatory theory has been presented for this group of patients. Therefore, the results of this study can play an important role in designing helpful interventions for preventing, modifying, and changing the phenomenon of social death.

Forecasting the Coastal Systems State using Mathematical Modelling Based on Satellite Images

Introduction. Coastal systems of Southern Russia are constantly exposed to biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors. In this regard, there is a need to develop non-stationary spatially inhomogeneous interconnected mathematical models that make it possible to reproduce various scenarios for the dynamics of biological and geochemical processes in coastal systems. There is also the problem of the practical use of mathematical modelling, namely its equipping with real input data (boundary, initial conditions, information about source functions). An operational source of field information can be data received from artificial Earth satellites. Therefore, the problem arises of identifying phytoplankton populations in images of reservoirs, which, as a rule, have a spotty structure, with low image contrast relative to the background, as well as determining the boundaries of their location.Materials and Methods. This work is based on the correct application of modern mathematical analysis methods, mathematical physics and functional analysis, the theory of difference schemes, as well as methods for solving grid equations. Biogeochemical processes are described based on convection-diffusion-reaction equations. Linearization of the constructed model is carried out on a time grid with step τ. A method for recognizing the boundaries of spotted structures is being developed based on Earth remote sensing data. A combination of methods is considered as image processing algorithms: local binary patterns (LBP) and a two-layer neural network.Results. The developed software-algorithmic tools for space image recognition are presented, based on a combination of methods — local binary patterns (LBP) and neural network technologies, focused on the subsequent input of the obtained initial conditions for the problem of phytoplankton dynamics into a mathematical model. Regarding the necessary mathematical model, a continuous linearized model has been proposed and studied, and on its basis a linearized discrete model of biogeochemical cycles in coastal systems, for which practically acceptable time step values have been established for numerical (predictive) modelling of problems of the dynamics of planktonic populations and biogeochemical cycles, including in the event of death phenomena, which makes it possible to reduce the time of operational forecasting. At the same time, for the constructed discrete model, properties that are practically significant for discrete models are guaranteed to be satisfied: stability, monotonicity and convergence of the difference scheme, which is important for reliable forecasts of adverse and dangerous phenomena.In the process of work, referring to satellite images, which make it possible to obtain the state of coastal systems with high accuracy, initial conditions are entered into the mathematical (computer) model. The model analyzes satellite image data and determines levels of “pollution”, the formation of extinction zones and other factors that may threaten nature.Discussion and Conclusion. Discussion and conclusions. Using this model, it is possible to predict possible changes in coastal ecosystems and develop strategies to protect them. The results obtained make it possible to significantly reduce the time of forecast calculations (by 20−30 %) and increase the likelihood of early detection of unfavorable and dangerous phenomena, such as intense “blooming” of the aquatic environment and the formation of extinction zones in coastal systems.

“Poisoned” khans: the phenomenon of the sudden death of rulers in the mental perception of medieval Mongols

“Poisoned” khans: the phenomenon of the sudden death of rulers in the mental perception of medieval Mongols

«Конец я себе придумал»: мортальное моделирование в литературном творчестве В. М. Шукшина

The paper examines how V. M. Shukshin portrays death and uses the technique of mortal modeling in his literary works. Both fiction and non-fiction works, such as letters and working notes, are carefully examined for their depiction of hero deaths and, in some cases, the writer’s own death. In this context, mortal modeling refers to the portrayal of death-related scenes, the dying process, funerals, and the playful reinterpretation or personal experience of these events by the characters or the writer. The theme of death is prominently featured in the late artistic works of Shukshin. During the writer’s final years (1973–1974), seventeen out of twenty-two published stories portrayed death. In his correspondence with friends and relatives between 1972 and 1974, Shukshin also focuses on the theme of death. Moreover, in the letter to V. I. Belov (winter of 1969), Shukshin announces his decision to commit suicide. The problem of creative comprehension of the phenomenon of death by Shukshin is analyzed in the context of philosophical ideas of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The conclusion is drawn that mortal modeling in the literary work of Shukshin functions as a replacement for traditional rites of dying and burial. It also serves to reduce the fear of death, particularly in hospital settings. In the 20th century, this type of death became extremely technological, in isolation from relatives and friends. The departure from traditional patriarchal death rituals emphasizes the shifting comprehension of death during the 20th century.

TUMAČENjE PESAMA SA MOTIVOM SMRTI ŽIVOTINjE I RAZVOJ EMPATIJE KOD DECE – BIBLIOTERAPIJSKI I METODIČKI ASPEKTI

Faced with the loss of those close to him, a child must inevitably observe the phenomenon of death – both cognitively and affectively. When this happens, literary text can help adults and children establish a conversation channel. Being that it is a well-founded assumption that it is easier to discuss with children the death of an animal than a human being, the aim of this paper is to: 1) systematize and analyze the criteria for the selection of literary works which can serve this purpose; 2) provide a list of poems for children and youth with the theme of the death of an animal; 3) provide guidelines for their interpretation, which gives an equally important role to the questions pertaining feelings, facts, attitudes, and belief regarding death. In this paper, the pathways for conversation with children have been outlined and they branch out in different directions and encompass multiple domains – from the affective to cognitive, from textual to empirical, and they have the potential to open the space for empathy toward those facing their own or someone else’s death, as well as the deeper understanding of one own’s emotions and those of others, especially among the members of the community consisting of the child and his parents, kindergarten or school teachers, and peers.

The Pathophysiology of Injuries and Deaths Managed in Emergency Departments After Earthquake Disasters: A Narrative Review.

Earthquakes cause devastating effects, resulting in the deaths of thousands of people each year. Understanding the full range of impacts, including fatalities, and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these effects is crucial for mitigating the aftermath of earthquakes. Therefore, this review aims to: delineate the critical golden time periods following earthquakes and identify the most effective responses and resilience factors during these periods; accurately define the terminology for injuries sustained post-earthquake; elucidate the basic pathophysiology of CRUSH injury-induced myopathy, one of the most significant pathologies in post-earthquake patient management; explore the role of nitric oxide (NO) mechanisms in crush injuries, which are believed to be fundamental to the "smiling death phenomenon" and represent the unseen part of the iceberg; and highlight the importance of the 3 main phenomena responsible for mortality-acidosis, coagulopathy, and hypothermia-during disasters. This comprehensive review, based on the latest literature, encompasses search and rescue, pre-hospital processes, emergency department procedures, and subsequent internal and surgical management algorithms.

Cultural Aspects of Technological Grave Visits: A Sociological Assessment

Abstract
 Grave visits have been a deep-rooted religious ritual in many religions and societies throughout history. This ritual is performed with the purpose of visiting the graves of the deceased and is considered an expression of spiritual connection among people. However, with the advancement of technology and the rise of digital communication platforms, this tradition is undergoing a transformation. In today's world, particularly with the increasing popularity of social media platforms, grave visits are taking on a new dimension in the virtual realm. This study aims to examine how the social media profiles of individuals who have passed away, profiles that were used during their lifetime, are visited and interacted with by others after their demise. Furthermore, the research seeks to understand the reasons behind the visibility of the phenomenon of death, which has been pushed into the background in modern societies but is becoming more prominent in what is often termed postmodern societies. This research was conducted using the phenomenological perspective within the framework of qualitative research methods. Within the scope of the study, social media users who visit the social media profiles of deceased individuals on an internet-based social media platform, such as Instagram, and engage in commenting activities were examined. These users offer a significant perspective on how the practice of remembrance and memorialization has become digitalized and evolved. In modern societies, death is often acknowledged as a reality that is either ignored or actively suppressed. However, in postmodern societies, death and memorial rituals are becoming more visible in the digital world. Visiting social media profiles after someone's passing is considered a way to remember them and express a sense of connection. This study contributes to our understanding of how digitalization and technological advancements are impacting societal and cultural practices. It also provides valuable insights into the role of death in postmodern societies. Consequently, it highlights the need for further research into how traditional rituals, like grave visits, have evolved and changed in the digital realm.

Man against death: Identity, language, technology

The article is a review of the book by D. Davies Death, Ritual, and Belief: The Rhetoric of Funerary Rites (Moscow: NLO, 2022. 480 p.). The author notes the growing interest of society in the phenomenon of death and makes an attempt to systematize the key aspects of this phenomenon: from funeral rites in various cultures to near-death experiences and theories of grief. In the review, the emphasis is placed on two main ideas of the book: how words and rituals influence our dealing with death and how the phenomenon of death affects our identity. The review identifies both the strengths of the book and those aspects that require a further study, such as the impact of technology on society’s perception of death (contemporary interdisciplinary studies called ‘digital death studies’).

Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its roles in leukemia.

Cell death is a complex process required to maintain homeostasis and occurs when cells are damage or reach end of life. As research progresses, it is apparent that necrosis and apoptosis do not fully explain the whole phenomenon of cell death. Therefore, new death modalities such as autophagic cell death, and ferroptosis have been proposed. In recent years, ferroptosis, a new type of non-apoptotic cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, has been receiving increasing attention. Ferroptosis can be involved in the pathological processes of many disorders, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, nervous system diseases, and blood diseases. However, the specific mechanisms by which ferroptosis participates in the occurrence and development of leukemia still need to be more fully and deeply studied. In this review, we present the research progress on the mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in leukemia, to provide new theoretical basis and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical hematological diseases.

Qur’an course teachers’ views on death education for children aged 4–6

The aim of this study is to examine the views of teachers who teach Qur’an courses to 4–6 year-olds on the inclusion of death in the curriculum, their observations about children’s perceptions of and reactions to death, and the difficulties they experience while informing children about death. A qualitative research approach was adopted in the study. The data obtained from 41 teachers the interview form with were evaluated using descriptive analysis. According to the teachers, the inclusion of the phenomenon of death in the course curriculum for 4–6 year-olds is essential for satisfying the curiosity of children from a correct source. However, due to the multidimensional, deep and unexperienced nature of the death phenomenon, a clear answer has not yet been given to the question of the framework and limit of the explanations, and what and how much should be explained for whom.

Gaussian quantum entanglement in curved spacetime

The influence of Hawking radiation on quantum entanglement for bimodal Gaussian states near a Schwarzschild black hole is investigated. It is shown that for a thermal squeezed state of a bimodal bosonic system the Hawking radiation reduces and even can destroy the entanglement between the mode of a Kruskal observer Alice and the mode of Bob, who is an accelerated observer hovering outside the event horizon of black hole. By contrary, the Hawking radiation increases and even can generate quantum entanglement between Bob and anti-Bob, who is a hypothetical observer inside event horizon. We show that in both these scenarios the competition between the contrary influences produced by Hawking temperature, squeezing and field frequency, may favour the preservation of the quantum entanglement. We investigate also the influence of the thermal environment on the behaviour in time of the entanglement between the considered observers and show that the entanglement is destroyed in a finite time for both considered bipartite scenarios of observers Alice and Bob, and respectively Bob and anti-Bob, for non-zero values of the temperature of the thermal environment, i.e. the phenomenon of entanglement sudden death takes place. For a zero temperature of the thermal bath the initial existing entanglement is decreasing over time, but it keeps for all finite times a non-zero value and the logarithmic negativity tends to zero only in the limit of infinite time.

High-Voltage Instability of Vinylene Carbonate (VC): Impact of Formed Poly-VC on Interphases and Toxicity.

Full exhaustion in specific energy/energy density of state-of-the-art LiNix Coy Mnz O2 (NCM)-based Li-ion batteries (LIB) is currently limited for reasons of NCM stability by upper cut-off voltages (UCV) below 4.3 V. At higher UCV, structural decomposition triggers electrode crosstalk in the course of enhanced transition metal dissolution and leads to severe specific capacity/energy fade; in the worst case to a sudden death phenomenon (roll-over failure). The additive lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) is known to suppress this by scavenging dissolved metals, but at the cost of enhanced toxicity due to the formation of organofluorophosphates (OFPs). Addition of film-forming electrolyte additives like vinylene carbonate (VC) can intrinsically decrease OFP formation in thermally aged LiDFP-containing electrolytes, though the benefit of this dual-additive approach can be questioned at higher UCVs. In this work, VC is shown to decrease the formation of potentially toxic OFPs within the electrolyte during cycling at conventional UCVs but triggers OFP formation at higher UCVs. The electrolyte contains soluble VC-polymerization products. These products are formed at the cathode during VC oxidation (and are found within the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), suggesting an OFP electrode crosstalk of VC decomposition species, as the OFP-precursor molecules are shown to be formed at the anode.

KLASIFIKASI EMOSI PUBLIK TERHADAP LARANGAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT SIRUP MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA NAIVE BAYES

In October 2022 BPOM withdrew the circulation of syrup drugs and banned the public from using syrup drugs due to the increasing cases of kidney failure in children with a mortality rate of up to 59%. The phenomenon of mass death has caused psychological trauma that threatens. The purpose of this study was to find out how public comments on Twitter and Instagram social media regarding the prohibition of using syrup drugs by classifying emotions using the Naive Bayes algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) feature selection. The methodology used is the AI Project Cycle which consists of problem scoping, data acquisition, data exploration, modeling and evaluation. The amount of data in this study was 1213 comments with 381 surprised comments, 318 angry comments, 277 sad comments, 137 scared comments, and 100 happy comments. Happy and afraid comments have fewer comments than other emotions, so the imbalance dataset will be handled using SMOTE. The results of this study are to compare the classification results of the application of PSO and SMOTE to the Naive Bayes algorithm to determine the best model. Based on the classification results, the Naive Bayes, PSO, and SMOTE models produced the highest accuracy values of 76.48%, with a recall value of 76.47%, a precision of 76.20%, and a fmeasure of 75.62%.

The function and immune role of cuproptosis associated hub gene in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precancerous lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), with approximately 3-5% of patients developing EAC. Cuproptosis is a kind of programmed cell death phenomenon discovered in recent years, which is related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. However, its role in BE and EAC is not fully understood. We used single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) for differential analysis of BE in the database, followed by enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO) and GSEA, Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI), Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) and finally Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of clinical tissues. Two hub genes can be obtained by intersection of the results obtained from the cuproptosis signal analysis based on BE. The ROC curves of these two genes predicted EAC, and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) values could reach 0.950 and 0.946, respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of Centrosome associated protein E (CENPE) and Shc SH2 domain binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) were significantly increased in clinical EAC tissues. When they were grouped by protein expression levels, high expression of CENPE or SHCBP1 had a poor prognosis. The CENPE and SHCBP1 associated with cuproptosis may be a factor promoting the development of BE into EAC which associated with the regulation of NK cells and T cells.

Postmortem tissue changes and dynamics of their impedance parameters: a preclinical experimental study

Background. Establishing regularities in postmortem intervals comprises one of the main tasks of the forensic science of death and cadaveric phenomena. The knowledge of these regularities is directly related to reconstructing the postmortem conditions and, consequently, to determining the postmortem interval. Objective. To analyze postmortem changes in cadaver tissues and dynamics of their impedance parameters under the conditions of natural biocenosis. Methods. The study involved the cadavers of model biological objects – eight pigs, aged one to two months, weighing up to 10 kg. Experimental studies of cadaver decomposition were carried out under natural biocenosis conditions, daily for 28 days with two replications. Changes in cadaver tissues during decomposition were recorded and analyzed. The subject of biophysical studies was the tissue impedance parameters of three diagnostic zones of the biological object: the musculocutaneous flap, the cartilaginous part of the third rib and the calcaneal tendon. Impedance measurements for each postmortem interval were performed at five studied current frequencies: 100 and 120 Hz, 1, 10 and 100 kHz. A total of 2,400 readings were taken. Statistical analysis of the study results was carried out by means of Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA). Results. Postmortem biological changes in cadaver tissues correlate with the nature of their impedance dynamics. The study of impedance under conditions of natural biocenosis established its identical dependence on the postmortem interval for all current frequencies of the study of all diagnostic zones of model biological objects: in the initial interval of 0–4 days, the impedance gives a “surge” followed by a smoother decrease. Cadaver tissues were recorded to indicate the presence of impedance dispersion in general in the studied frequency range and the absence of dispersion directly for high frequencies. Conclusion. Understanding the causes and essence of postmortem processes contributes to assessing and substantiating changes in any characteristics of tissues measured quantitatively, including impedance indicators, as well as to predicting the prospects of their use for specific practical purposes, in particular, for determining the postmortem interval.

On the Personal, Intersubjective, and Metaphysical Senses of Death: An Inquiry into Edmund Husserl’s Transcendental Phenomenological Approach to Death

In this short study, I attempt to reconstruct the main conceptual components of Edmund Husserl’s concept of death following the leading clue of his late transcendental phenomenological methodology. First, I summarise his thoughts on death, from the point of view of “the natural attitude”, as an event in the world. Then, I try and explore the manifold senses of the limit phenomenon of death as a multidimensional transcendental phenomenological problem in all of its intersubjective-world constitutive, personal-primordial, and metaphysical-constructive layers of meanings, respectively. By doing so, I also hope that the path we travel can serve the reader as an opportunity for a personal and reflective confrontation with death.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,3-triazole hybrids of cabotegravir: identification of potent antitumor activity against lung cancer.

In pursuit of discovering novel anticancer agents, we designed and synthesized a series of novel 1,2,3-triazole hybrids based on cabotegravir analogues. These compounds were subjected to initial biological evaluations to assess their anticancer activities against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our findings indicated that some of these compounds exhibited promising antitumor abilities against H460 cells, while demonstrated less efficacy against H1299 cells. Notably, compound 5i emerged as the most potent, displaying an IC50 value of 6.06μM. Furthermore, our investigations into cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production revealed that compound 5i significantly induced apoptosis and triggered ROS generation. Additionally, Western blot analysis revealed the pronounced elevation of LC3 expression in H460 cells and γ-H2AX expression in H1299 cells subsequent to treatment with compound 5i. These molecular responses potentially contribute to the observed cell death phenomenon. These findings highlight the potential of compound 5i as a promising candidate for further development as an anticancer agent especially lung cancer.

“Digital Death and Immortality” in Contemporary Scientific Discourse

The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of the formation of digital thanatology as one of the new areas of scientific research, to outline its subject field, to operationalize the basic concepts, to make some adjustments to the conceptual apparatus of traditional thanatology (“Death Studies”). The research methods are based on socio-communicative, systemic, historical and genetic approaches and the principles of digital humanities. The article also uses the methods of historiographical and source research, analysis of specialized publications on the research topic, descriptive approach, content analysis, etc. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that one of the first attempts to explicate the problem of “digital death and immortality” and to analyze the peculiarities of the formation of digital thanatology was made in the Ukrainian scientific discourse. Against the backdrop of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the author distinguishes the conceptualization of Ukraine’s cultural memory, the subject of which is the current state of the memorial landscape of Ukrainian culture as a complex, multilayered, heterogeneous entity, of which the digital memorial landscape is a significant structural element. Conclusions. In digital reality, technologies create social relations, ranging from gadgets to nanotechnology, affecting both the process of dying and the ideas of death and immortality in their two modes – real and digital. It is about constructing common semantic boundaries within which not only death and immortality, the study of which is fundamentally impossible but also mediated relations, that is, the process of building relationships in collaboration with various fields of scientific knowledge. That is why “digital death and immortality” as a subject of study is a fundamentally interdisciplinary problem, and digital death studies are emerging as a specific cross-disciplinary field of research into the phenomenon of death in the digital environment. The overview of previous research on digital death and immortality provides an appropriate context for scientific work. It allows us to identify and develop promising areas for further studies, which are especially relevant against the backdrop of the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Extracellular Leakage Protein Patterns in Two Types of Cancer Cell Death: Necrosis and Apoptosis.

Dead cells release fragments of DNA, RNA, and proteins (including peptides) into the extracellular space. Two major forms of cell death during cancer development have been identified: necrosis and apoptosis. Our group investigated the mechanisms that regulate cell death during the treatment of mouse tumor FM3A cells with the anticancer drug floxuridine (FUdR). In the original strain F28-7, FUdR induced necrosis, whereas in the variant F28-7-A, it induced apoptosis. Here, we report that the extracellular leakage proteome (i.e., the secretome) is involved in these cell death phenomena. The secretome profile, which was analyzed via shotgun proteomic analysis, revealed that altered protein leakage was involved in signal transduction, transcription, RNA processing, translation, and cell death. Notably, the characteristic secretory proteins high mobility group box 1 and 2 were detected in the culture medium of both necrotic and apoptotic cells. Overall, these results indicate that unique cellular events mediated by secretory proteins may be involved in necrosis and apoptosis.

The Semiotics of the Thresholds in (Sunset Garden) Diwan of the Poet Ghazi Al-Qasaibi

This study is concerned with revealing the semiotics of thresholds, and its role in building textual coherence at the form and semantic level in Sunset Garden Diwan of the Saudi poet Ghazi Al-Qasaibi. This research aims to spotlight on the semiotic theme of the title threshold and its relation to other thresholds. As the death phenomenon and absence dominated the poetic achievement space through intertwined semiotic relationships that lead to each other through the parallel text semiotics.This study is based on the semiotic method which concerns with searching for the interpretive connotations and revealing the profound symbols in the threshold structure and its role in the whole formation of the Diwan. Among the most prominent conclusions for this study is that; AlQasaibi was concerned with the thresholds poetics in his book Sunset Garden and he was able to transfer the meaning of thresholds from the margin to the centre when he revealed the significance of the symbols and connotations of the thresholds in the Diwan, which contributed to the space and coherence of the text.It also balanced between the centrality of receiving. Moreover, the poetic thresholds and their semiotic symbols contributed to the manifestation of the Diwan purposes and its contents, forming a unified texture starting with the front cover and ending with the back cover of the Diwan. The semiotic analysis of the poetic threshold in Sunset Garden Diwan showedAlQasaibi special vision of death and absence merged with nostalgia, eulogy and reconciliation with the concept and reality of death. The title also represents the first thresholds of the text that cannot be crossed.That is because it has the codes and symbols that help the reader and recipient to introspect the entire work.