Warming Phenomenon Research Articles

Toward the energy optimization of smart lighting systems through the luminous potential of photoluminescence

Toward the energy optimization of smart lighting systems through the luminous potential of photoluminescence

Impact of climate change on sustainable production of sherry wine in nearly-zero energy buildings

Impact of climate change on sustainable production of sherry wine in nearly-zero energy buildings

Identifying Concentration of Carbon Dioxide at Heights of 1.5 M and 15 M in Six Locations in Urban Areas

Several activities in urban areas emit CO2 gas and the amount of the emission is closely related to land use. This will, in turn, increase global warming phenomena in urban areas. So far, the estimation of pollutant concentrations in the ambient air has been carried out at the height of human breath, and very rarely the concentration values at low-level altitudes have been studied in Indonesia. This study tries to analyze the CO2 concentration based on different altitudes and different locations. Measurements of this study were carried out in industrial, residential, commercial, and highway areas using drones at two altitudes of 1.5 m and 15 m. The use of altitude variations to know the homogeneity of CO2 spatial distribution at different heights. The results of the study showed CO2 concentrations on weekday mornings and afternoons, and weekend mornings in the sampling areas at 1.5 m and 15 m in the range of 393 – 462 ppm and 391 – 460 ppm, respectively. The statistical test showed that there is no significant CO2 concentration difference between altitudes of 1.5 m and 15 m, with only a 0.17% difference value on average. The Tugu Industrial Estate area has the highest concentration of CO2, while the area on Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan has the lowest concentration.

Abrupt Change in the Lower Thermospheric Mean Meridional Circulation During Sudden Stratospheric Warmings and Its Impact on Trace Species

AbstractBased on the hourly output from the 2000–2014 simulations of the National Center for Atmospheric Research's vertically extended version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model in specified dynamics configuration, we examine the roles of planetary waves (PWs), gravity waves, and atmospheric tides in driving the mean meridional circulation (MMC) in the lower thermosphere (LT) and its response to the sudden stratospheric warming phenomenon with an elevated stratopause in the northern hemisphere. Sandwiched between the two summer‐to‐winter overturning circulations in the mesosphere and the upper thermosphere, the climatological LT MMC is a narrow gyre that is characterized by upwelling in the middle winter latitudes, equatorward flow near 120 km, and downwelling in the middle and high summer latitudes. Following the onset of the sudden stratospheric warmings, this gyre reverses its climatological direction, resulting in a “chimney‐like” feature of un‐interrupted polar descent from the altitude of 150 km down to the upper mesosphere. This reversal is driven by the westward‐propagating PWs, which exert a brief but significant westward forcing between 70 and 125 km, exceeding gravity wave and tidal forcings in that altitude range. The attendant polar descent potentially leads to a short‐lived enhanced transport of nitric oxide into the mesosphere (with excess in the order of 1 parts per million), while carbon dioxide is decreased.

Impact of the Pacific sector sea ice loss on the sudden stratospheric warming characteristics

The atmospheric response to Arctic sea ice loss remains a subject of much debate. Most studies have focused on the sea ice retreat in the Barents-Kara Seas and its troposphere-stratosphere influence. Here, we investigate the impact of large sea ice loss over the Chukchi-Bering Seas on the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) phenomenon during the easterly phase of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation through idealized large-ensemble experiments based on a global atmospheric model with a well-resolved stratosphere. Although culminating in autumn, the prescribed sea ice loss induces near-surface warming that persists into winter and deepens as the SSW develops. The resulting temperature contrasts foster a deep cyclonic circulation over the North Pacific, which elicits a strong upward wavenumber-2 activity into the stratosphere, reinforcing the climatological planetary wave pattern. While not affecting the SSW occurrence frequency, the amplified wave forcing in the stratosphere significantly increases the SSW duration and intensity, enhancing cold air outbreaks over the continents afterward.

Analysis of Decadal Land Use Changes and Its Impacts on Urban Heat Island (UHI) Using Remote Sensing-Based Approach: A Smart City Perspective

The land surface temperature (LST) pattern is regarded as one of the most important indicators of the environmental consequences of land use/land cover change. The possible contribution of land surface to the warming phenomenon is being investigated by scientists across the world. This research focuses on variations in surface temperature and urban heat islands (UHIs) over the course of two seasons, i.e., winter and summer. Using remotely sensed datasets and geospatial techniques, an attempt was made to analyze the spatiotemporal variation in urban heat islands (UHIs) and its association with LULC over Chandigarh from 2000 to 2020. The Enhanced Built-up and Bareness Index (EBBI), Dry Built-up Index (DBI), and Dry Bare-Soil Index (DBSI) were used to identify built-up areas in the city. The results revealed an increase of 10.08% in BA, whereas the vegetation decreased by 4.5% over the study period, which is in close agreement with the EBBI, DBI, and DBSI assessments. From 2000 to 2020, the UHI intensities increased steadily in both the summer and winter seasons. Dense built-up areas such as the industrial unit of the city possessed the highest UHIindex (>0.7) values.

Upgrading Conventional Power System for Accommodating Electric Vehicle through Demand Side Management and V2G Concepts

The continually increasing fossil fuel prices, the dwindling of these fuels, and the bad environmental effects which mainly contribute to global warming phenomena are the main motives to replace conventional transportation means to electric. Charging electric vehicles (EVs) from renewable energy systems (RES) substantially avoids the side effects of using fossil fuels. The higher the increase in the number of EVs the greater the challenge to the reliability of the conventional power system. Increasing charging connections for EVs to the power system may cause serious problems to the power system, such as voltage fluctuations, contingencies in transmission lines, and loss increases. This paper introduces a novel strategy to not only replace the drawbacks of the EV charging stations on the power system’s stability and reliability, but also to enhance the power system’s performance. This improvement can be achieved using a smart demand side management (DSM) strategy and vehicle to grid (V2G) concepts. The use of DSM increases the correlation between the loads and the available generation from the RES. Besides this, the use of DSM, and the use of V2G concepts, also helps in adding a backup for the power system by consuming surplus power during the high generation period and supplying stored energy to the power system during shortage in generation. The IEEE 30 bus system was used as an example of an existing power system where each load busbar was connected to a smart EV charging station (SEVCS). The performance of the system with and without the novel DSM and V2G concepts was compared to validate the superiority of the concepts in improving the performance of the power system. The use of modified particle swarm optimization in optimal sizing and optimal load flow reduced the cost of energy and the losses of the power system. The use of the smart DSM and V2G concepts substantially improved the voltage profile, the transmission line losses, the fuel cost of conventional power systems, and the stability of the power system.

A novel nanofibrous film with antibacterial, antioxidant, and thermoregulatory functions fabricated by coaxial electrospinning

AbstractOrdinary packaging film only has the functions of storing food and transporting food, while the external environment can affect the storage period of food. In this study, a common degradable material, polylactic acid (PLA), was chosen as the base material, and the material was endowed with antibacterial function by adding curcumin (Cur). Coaxial electrostatic spinning technology has a unique advantage in the preparation of core‐sheath structured fibers, and a PLA/Cur/n‐octadecane (OD) phase change thermoregulation fiber was prepared by selecting OD as the core material, which gives the fiber film thermoregulation function. The fiber structure, mechanical properties, and thermal properties were characterized. The antibacterial activity of the composite films against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. The temperature regulation function of the composite film was evaluated, and the unique core‐sheath structure endowed the fiber film with a temperature regulation function. The storage of bananas was studied in which to explore the effect on food preservation. The composite films showed excellent bactericidal as well as antioxidant properties and successfully delayed the warming phenomenon.

Carbon Footprint of the University of Patras in Greece: Evaluating Environmental Culture and Campus’ Energy Management towards 2030

Climate change has already had observable effects due to greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by human activities. Over the years, this becomes more evident as the concentration of GHG released in the atmosphere is concerningly increased as does the earth’s average temperature too. Hence, all countries and many independent organizations are taking actions to reduce the Global Warming phenomenon by setting targets for carbon dioxide emissions. The energy sector is proved to play the most important role in emissions reduction. Greece’s target for this sector is very ambitious in total transformation of energy mixture in the forthcoming years. Universities are also contributing to GHG emissions through their operations and members’ activities. Energy management at the University of Patras in Greece has already started since 2019 by installing energy meters going from manual calculations to an online system. The reliable records and accurate calculations proved as a very important action and a starting point for performing detailed analysis. In this study, there was an effort to calculate the CO2 emissions of the University of Patras using the Carbon Campus Calculator. The results showed that the students commuting is the main source of GHG emissions at the University of Patras and the purchased electricity comes next. These two factors together comprise 60.2% of the total emissions and priority should be given to reducing their footprint. Specific targets were set up for 2030 in compliance with the National Plan for Energy and Climate of Greece. Moreover, an Action Plan managing carbon and energy more efficiently and creating a strong environmental culture among the community is proposed. In the future, the university’s management team should act proactively in every change at Patras University. An assessment on the environmental impact should take place before any decision making. If necessary, extra actions should be defined in order not to deviate from the targets and new standards set.

선박온실가스 배출규제의 국내 이행에 관한 연구

The Greenhouse gases(GHGs) concentration in the atmosphere is continuously increasing as GHGs generated by human activities have exceeded the natural absorption amount after the industrial revolution. As a result, the global warming phenomenon has accelerated, reaching levels that are threatening to humanity. Accordingly, the United Nations(UN) adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement, and the International Maritime Organization(IMO) has already implemented technical and operational measures, and is striving to implement several other measures, including Market Based Measures. And currently, IMO and Repulic of Korea’s Government set a GHG reduction target and are making efforts to reduce GHG’s. However, the reality is that the domestic legislation related to the shipping industry cannot keep up with it. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify problems related to the domestic implementation of measurements to reduce greenhouse gass emmisions from ships and to suggest improvement measures.

Modeling of carbon sequestration with land use and land cover in the northeastern part of the Nile Delta, Egypt

The world is currently concerned about the phenomenon of climate change and global warming because of the natural disasters that threaten the lives of living organisms on the surface of the earth. Despite this, there is a dearth of studies dealing with reducing carbon emissions in Egypt. We needed to cover this defect in an important area of Egypt, which is the eastern delta region including Manzala Lake. Land use and land cover (LU/LC) represents a vital role in carbon regulation in coastal areas. Our study uses three Landsat images in 2001, 2013, and 2021 to estimate the amount of carbon storage and sequestration and used Land Change Modeler (LCM) with Cellular Automata Markov Chain (CA-MC) model to predict land cover changes in 2031. Results show that in the period between 2013 and 2021, about half of the floating plants have been destroyed and removed. Our results demonstrate that the increased area for agricultural lands from 2013 to 2021 (2306 Mg C/km2) leads to an increased amount of carbon stoke but the decreased area for floating plants (-4508 Mg C/km2) leads to a decrease in carbon storage. Results showed that a remarkable decrease in carbon storage in the future was attributed to anthropogenic activities in the study area and also as a result of the un exploiting of environmental resources. Finally, the total cost of carbon was 1323.4, 1437.9, 1184.8, and 1296.5 $US/ha for 2001, 2013, 2021, and 2032, respectively. Results showed that the minimum cost for 2021 that a noticeable shortage due to the removal of vegetation and an increase the area of lake water. These conversions have to some extent affected the capacity of coastal habitats to sequester and store CO2. For carbon storage, we recommend afforestation of desert areas. The current design for carbon storage and sequestration is a good guide for government and decision makers for suitable sustainable development, climatic regulation, and carbon budget.

Attached microalgae converting spent coffee ground into lipid for biodiesel production and sequestering atmospheric CO2 simultaneously

Attached microalgae converting spent coffee ground into lipid for biodiesel production and sequestering atmospheric CO2 simultaneously

Demonstration of Net Solar Radiation Geographical Behavior Revers Correlation with Relative Humidity in Iraq

It is common that extraterrestrial solar radiation Ra value lessen due to the interaction with atmosphere components to result a net solar radiation Rn value about one third of Ra for most measurements on earth. Net solar radiation had major impact on air temperature (To) value statement. So, its estimation is crucial for analyzing the interaction of (atmosphere-vegetation-soil). Many methodologies available for this aim directly (with radiometer) or indirectly (with air temperature-based formula or soil plus air temperatures-based formula). The peak influences of global warming phenomenon were in eighties decade of the last century, yielding Iraq Rn rates to get climax after that Rn rates behaved in geographical based style, so those rates raised in middle and south regions of Iraq, and descending in its northern parts. The reason (as demonstrated in this research) was the spatial correlation in a reverse manner with RH rates all over Iraq.

Determinants with Impact on Romanian Consumers’ Energy-Saving Habits

Due to the population’s growing need for energy and the increasing impact of the phenomena of global warming and climate change on a global level, it becomes imperative to diminish energy consumption worldwide. For this reason, a deeper understanding of factors that encourage energy-saving habits and overall lifestyle is required. This research examined the factors that hold an impact on the adoption of energy-saving habits in Romania. It used eight constructs that were checked to see if they influence the individuals’ intentions to save energy. The research used a quantitative analysis approach, with primary data assembled through a survey of the population from six developed counties in Romania. In order to investigate and assess the data, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. The results show that environmental awareness, perceived consumer effectiveness and a collectivistic perspective affect individuals in implementing energy-saving habits (in their life) in a significant and positive way. However, resistance to change and perceived costs were identified as having a negative and significant impact on the individuals’ implementation of such habits within their households. The outcomes of this research play a part in raising awareness of what could determine a more energy-saving lifestyle, and therefore it is essential that stakeholders within the energy sector in Romania consider the aspects of environmental awareness, perception of consumer effectiveness, perceived costs, collectivism and resistance to change during the development of programs of energy efficiency.

Mitigating Carbon Emissions in China: The Role of Clean Energy, Technological Innovation, and Political-Institutional Quality

The global warming phenomena arise from the subject of climate change, which draws intellectuals’ attention toward replacing polluting energy sources with clean energy sources by continued deployment of innovations. Also, global warming problems put large pressure on governments, individuals, and policymakers. Therefore, for reliable energy supply and economic development, the target of achieving a low-carbon and sustainable environment is needed. In this light, we explore the role of clean energy and technological innovation in carbon emission reduction in China from 1995 to 2018. The key outcomes from the fully modified least-squares and robust least-squares indicate an elasticity of −0.065 and −0.075, respectively, for the nexus of renewable energy and CO2 emissions. Similarly, nuclear energy, technology innovation, and political-institutional quality have a negative influence on CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the granger causality demonstrates feedback between renewable energy and CO2 emissions, as well as between technological innovation and CO2 emissions. To achieve a cleaner environment, the implementation of the existing policy pathways is potentially geared toward applying technological innovations to produce renewable energy at lower costs.

Future Fuel : H2

Hydrogen is the fuel of the future. Since hydrogen is an energy carrier that can transform are fossil-fuel dependent economy into a hydrogen economy, which can provide an emissions-free transportation fuel. An ambitious chemistry a students, these researchers understands the importance of a shift to a hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen is an energy carrier that can used in internal combustion engines or fuel cells producing almost no greenhouse gas emissions when combusted with oxygen. And the only significant emission is water vapour. Hydrogen production and storage is currently undergoing extensive research. A solar -hydrogen system can provide the means of a totally emissions-free method of producing hydrogen. Although steam reformation of methane (CH4) level is currently the major route to hydrogen production, and the emissions involved can also be controlled much more efficiently then our current system of transportation fuel. Climate change is a serious issue becoming increasingly evident to much of the population. Rising carbondioxide (CO2) levels have directly contributed to global warming phenomenon. As shown in the below figures. Along with global average temperature and global temperature difference in degree Celsius (°C). The core of the research concerns the advantages of hydrogen and the current progress related to the disadvantages of hydrogen as a transportation fuel. Much work is in progress to initiate a shift from a fossil-fuel to a hydrogen economy.

Between Denial and Celebritization

The phenomenon of global warming and its consequences are challenges we face in modern society. In addition to these issues, the paper is motivated by media reports on the 2019 worldwide climate strikes and the UN Climate Action Summit, held in New York in September of the same year. Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, whose performance at the Summit sparked a lot of interest in the media worldwide, found herself in the centre of media attention. The goal of this paper is to explore the image of climate change presented on Croatian and Slovenian online portals, which were selected based on their readership (tracked using Alexa.com). These included Croatian online portals: 24sata.hr, Index.hr, Net.hr, Narod.hr, Vecernji.hr. Net.hr, and Slovenian online portals: 24ur.com, nova 24TV, SIOL.net, Slovenske novice, Svet24, TV SLO. The paper applies the method of qualitative and quantitative content analysis. The research corpus consisted of 194 articles published in Croatian and Slovenian online media (136 and 58 respectively). The research focuses on the scope of reporting on climate change, identification of the main topics and attitudes, and the question of celebritization of the issue itself. Research results showed that there are significant differences when it comes to the framing of climate change issues, particularly Greta Thunberg’s activism, in Croatian and Slovenian online media.

Artificial Neural Network Modeling for Predicting and Evaluating the Mean Radiant Temperature around Buildings on Hot Summer Days

In recent years, the phenomenon of urban warming has become increasingly serious, and with the number of urban residents increasing, the risk of heatstroke in extreme weather has become higher than ever. In order to mitigate urban warming and adapt to it, many researchers have been paying increasing attention to outdoor thermal comfort. The mean radiant temperature (MRT) is one of the most important variables affecting human thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces. The purpose of this paper is to predict the distribution of MRT around buildings based on a commonly used multilayer neural network (MLNN) that is optimized by genetic algorithms (GA) and backpropagation (BP) algorithms. Weather data from 2014 to 2018 together with the related indexes of the grid were selected as the input parameters for neural network training, and the distribution of the MRT around buildings in 2019 was predicted. This study obtained very high prediction accuracy, which can be combined with sensitivity analysis methods to analyze the important input parameters affecting the MRT on hot summer days (the days with the highest air temperature over 30 °C). This has significant implications for the optimization strategies for future building and urban designers to improve the thermal conditions around buildings.

Annual characteristics of gross primary productivity (GPP) in mangrove forest during 2016-2020 as revealed by Sentinel-2 remote sensing imagery

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most responsible gas in the phenomenon of global warming on earth because of its greatest concentration and longevity in the long atmosphere. Meanwhile mangrove is one of the blue carbon parameters that can take CO2 for photosynthesis and store it into biomass and sediment, so the existence of Mangrove plays a key role in the balance of the global carboncycle. Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is one of the key variables in conducting a carboncycle study because the GPP values constitute the total value of carbon fixation by terrestrial ecosystem through vegetation photosynthesis. The aim of this study is to recognize the annual characteristics of GPP values in the mangrove ecosystem using remote sensing satellite Sentinel-2 during the period of 2016 to 2020 in TAHURA Ngurah Rai, Bali, Indonesia. The vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM) model is used to calculate annual GPP by using remote sensing indices of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI). Both remote sensing indices are supported by temperature and solar radiation data to determine photosynthesis fraction. The results of the current study indicated that the annual GPP values in the mangrove forest of TAHURA Ngurah Rai have decreased during the observation year. The total value of GPP in 2016 is reached to 28790 tC m−2 year−1, while the total amount of GPP value in 2020 decrease to 26223 tC m−2 year−1. The decline in GPP values may be due to changes of land cover and mangrove mortality that occurred around Benoa port in 2018.

Recent progress in homogeneous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol

Abstract The requirement of running a new generation of fuel production is inevitable due to the limitation of oil production from reservoirs. On the other hand, enhancing the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere brings global warming phenomenon and leads to catastrophic disasters such as drought and flooding. Conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol can compensate for the liquid fuel requirement and mitigate CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. In this review, we surveyed the recent works on homogeneous hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH and investigated the experimental results in detail. We categorized the CO2 hydrogenation works based on the environment of the reaction, including neutral, acidic, and basic conditions, and discussed the effects of solvents’ properties on the experimental results. This review provides a perspective on the previous studies in this field, which can assist the researchers in selecting the proper catalyst and solvent for homogenous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol.