Warming Phenomenon Research Articles

Enhancing environmental performance through green accounting-based financial reporting for achieving sustainable development goals

The phenomenon of global warming has become a pressing issue worldwide, drawing attention to corporate environmental responsibility. Companies must address environmental concerns to prevent pollution, resource depletion, and ecological damage. The emergence of green accounting introduces the Socio-Economic Environmental Accounting (SEEA) concept, rooted in the triple bottom line theory. This approach emphasizes that financial reporting should not only reflect economic performance but also incorporate environmental and social dimensions. Current development efforts focus on sustainable development goals (SDGs), balancing ecological, economic, and social aspects through green accounting, which has been proven to enhance environmental performance. An analysis of a partner, a livestock-focused SME, revealed a lack of understanding and implementation of green accounting in financial reporting, particularly in documenting environmental costs. Moreover, the partner does not utilize digital accounting applications to simplify financial reporting. To address this gap, the community services team conducted activities to increase the partner's knowledge of green accounting and its application in financial reporting. These activities included green accounting socialization, training in financial reporting, development of accounting information systems, and ongoing mentoring, monitoring, and evaluation. The results indicate that the partner has significantly improved their knowledge and skills in preparing financial reports aligned with green accounting principles.

Three-Dimensional Distribution of Arctic Aerosols Based on CALIOP Data

Tropospheric aerosols play an important role in the notable warming phenomenon and climate change occurring in the Arctic. The accuracy of Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the distribution of Arctic AOD based on the CALIOP Level 2 aerosol products and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD data during 2006–2021 were analyzed. The distributions, trends, and three-dimensional (3D) structures of the frequency of occurrences (FoOs) of different aerosol subtypes during 2006–2021 are also discussed. We found that the CALIOP AOD exhibited a high level of agreement with AERONET AOD, with a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.67 and an RMSE of less than 0.1. However, CALIOP usually underestimated AOD over the Arctic, especially in wet conditions during the late spring and early summer. Moreover, the Arctic AOD was typically higher in winter than in autumn, summer, and spring. Specifically, polluted dust (PD), dust, and clean marine (CM) were the dominant aerosol types in spring, autumn, and winter, while in summer, ES (elevated smoke) from frequent wildfires reached the highest FoOs. There were increasing trends in the FoOs of CM and dust, with decreasing trends in the FoOs of PD, PC (polluted continental), and DM (dusty marine) due to Arctic amplification. In general, the vertical distribution patterns of different aerosol types showed little seasonal variation, but their horizontal distribution patterns at various altitudes varied by season. Furthermore, locally sourced aerosols such as dust in Greenland, PD in eastern Siberia, and ES in middle Siberia can spread to surrounding areas and accumulate further north, affecting a broader region in the Arctic.

Investigating the Effect of Sudden Stratospheric Warming on the Ionosphere above Basrah City

The sudden thermal warming phenomenon in the stratosphere (SSW) occurred during wintertime, an important thing affecting communication throughout the ionosphere region. This study looks at how the SSW through the stratosphere temperature peak affects the three ionosphere parameters: the total electron content (TEC), the critical frequency foE, and the foF2 of two layers, E and F2. It uses the IRI-20 model over Basrah city, which is in the south of Iraq and lies at 30.4°N 47.7°E. This study spans 2014 and 2019, during the 24th solar cycle. In the same years, 10 hPa pressure heights are taken for hourly stratosphere temperature. It was found that there are (7) SSW events during the period selected, three in 2014 and four in 2019. The relation between stratospheric temperatures and ionospheric parameters was studied to find this effect. The results revealed non-linear relations between them during all event hours, but there is an increase in ionization. The TEC variation is remarkably present in all events, with positive ionization enhancement during the daytime, reaching a maximum in the afternoon and then going down after the sun sets. The foE and foF2 measurements also show a small change due to changes in the thermosphere's make-up, temperature, winds, and either the F region dynamo or the E region dynamo. These changes also have an impact on the TEC enhancement values. This increment in values for the ionospheric parameters is irregular with time and varies from one parameter to another.

Corporate Governance on Firm Value: Mediation of Profitability

The phenomenon of global warming causes an increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, where environmentally unfriendly products are the cause. The impact is an increase in the average temperature of the earth, changes in weather patterns that endanger the world's ecosystem. The sustainability of a company can be measured from the performance of the firm's value, where corporate governance through profitability can be a factor that influences the value of the firm. This study aims to see the effect of corporate governance on firm’s value with profitability mediation. The research population consisted of 25 SRI-KEHATI Index companies in the 3rd quarter of 2023, and 24 of them were sampled through the purposive sampling method, the data of which was obtained through the official Morningstar Sustainalytics website, and the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research analysis technique uses the Partial Least Square-SEM method with SmartPLS 4 software. The results of the study show: (1) corporate governance affects the value of the firm in the SRI-KEHATI stock index, and (2) profitability does not mediate the effect of corporate governance on the value of the firm in the SRI KEHATI stock index

The effect of environmental tax on CO2 emissions in Romania: an ARDL-linked cointegration approach

Purpose Climate change, driven by global warming, poses a significant threat to humanity and disrupts the ecological balance. In Europe, concentrations of air pollutants remain very high, and problems related to air quality and the acceleration of the phenomenon of global warming persist. As a result, carbon taxation has emerged as a key strategy to mitigate climate change. In Romania, environmental taxes are an important instrument of environmental policy as an economic instrument for environmental protection and natural resource management. Using 1990–2021 time series data and an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds cointegration for long-run analysis and the Toda–Yamamoto test for causality analysis, we investigated whether environmental taxes, renewable energy consumption, urbanization and economic growth significantly impact CO2 emissions in Romania.Design/methodology/approachThis paper differs from the assessment of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis (Grossman and Krueger 1991) and instead aims to determine the impact of environmental taxes, renewable energy consumption, per capita GDP and urbanization on CO2 emissions in Romania. The study investigates both short- and long-term effects, as well as Toda–Yamamoto causality linkages (Toda and Yamamoto 1995) between these variables. We adopt an ARDL estimation technique with Bound cointegration test and error correction models (Pesaran et al., 2001) to examine the short- and long-term effects.Findings The findings revealed that environmental taxes positively and significantly reduce CO2 emissions, while urbanization induces CO2 emissions, in the long run. Moreover, in the short run, environmental taxes and renewable energy consumption significantly reduce CO2 emissions while per capita GDP and urbanization significantly increase CO2 emissions. A unidirectional causality exists between renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Thus, to realize its 34% target of renewable energy consumption in 2030, Romania should prioritize the implementation of the Casa Verde Plus program and enforce sustainable urban planning to meet near-zero energy standards. Consequently, the government should continue to enforce carbon taxes to promote environmental sustainability.Originality/value Empirical evidence supports the cointegration relationship between environmental taxes and CO2 emissions, with carbon taxes effectively reducing CO2 emissions and improving environmental quality (Allan et al., 2014; Polat and Polat, 2018; Kiuila et al., 2019, etc.). While existing research (Floros and Vlachou, 2005; Wissema and Dellink, 2007; Aydin and Esen, 2018; Lin and Li, 2011) primarily focuses on country-specific or regional analyses, limited research has been conducted on the impact of carbon taxation on CO2 emissions in Romania. However, to the best of our knowledge, limited research on this phenomenon in Romania exists in response to recommendations for climate change mitigation. Furthermore, urbanization has significantly contributed to rising atmospheric carbon levels and subsequent global warming and climate change (Woldu, 2021). As economic growth, particularly in countries like Romania, drives urbanization, it leads to increased energy demand, expanding urban areas and mounting environmental concerns. This process involves industrial restructuring, and the development of new infrastructure, all of which exert pressure on energy consumption and CO2 emissions (Niu and Lekse, 2018). While economic growth is a primary objective, industrialization and urbanization inevitably generate unintended consequences, including CO2 emissions. However, limited research exists on the impact of urbanization patterns on CO2 emissions in Romania. This study investigates the dynamic causal relationships among urbanization, per capita GDP, carbon taxes, renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions, considering both short-run and long-run effects in Romania.

Relationship Between Environmental Education and Environmental Sustainable Development

The current environmental situation is in a state of crisis, marked by the phenomenon of global warming, which reveals a worsening scenario that is gradually encroaching closer to us. There is a pressing need for global collaboration to address these issues through environmental education and to ensure long-term sustainability. Environmental education can play a transformative role in shaping human behavior, ensuring the sustainable preservation of valuable resources for the future. The objectives of environmental education are designed to ensure that individuals and communities achieve awareness, knowledge, attitude, skills and participation. To achieve successful outcomes in sustainable environmental development, it is essential to utilize environmental education processes. This approach aims to foster behavioral changes among individuals, enhancing environmental awareness and cultivating the necessary skills through practical engagement in environmental initiatives. Such transformations can lead to significant changes within society and communities, ultimately paving the way for ongoing sustainable environmental development.

Inventory Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Rice Paddy Farming Activities In The Regency of Karawang

The phenomenon of climate change has become a significant global issue, that is contributing to the phenomenon of global warming. One of the fields that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions is agriculture. Karawang Regency is dubbed as the rice granary of West Java because it is one of the regions that contribute to the national rice demand. Karawang Regency has not conducted a greenhouse gas emissions inventory, but the impact of climate change has been felt by the people of Karawang Regency, for example, rising sea levels and increasing daily temperatures. Research is needed that focuses on the inventory of greenhouse gas emissions in wet-rice farming. The purpose of this research is to calculate and map greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddy farming activities in Karawang Regency. The method in calculating this refers to the 2006 IPCC guidelines while the mapping uses QGIS software. The greenhouse gas emission burden of wet-rice farming activities in Karawang Regency was found to be 191.47 Gg CO2-eq/year, with Cilebar District contributing the most emissions at 37.53 Gg CO2-eq/year. After mapping the calculation results, Tirtajaya District, Cilebar District and Pedes District have a darker color than other districts on the map.

Research and Application of Assessment of Wind Energy in Large-Scale Wind Power Bases

Improving the accuracy of the evaluation of the performance of wind farms in large wind power bases located in complex terrain under the actual atmosphere is crucial to the sustainable development of wind power. To this end, this study combined the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the Wind Farm Parameterization (WFP) method to investigate the wake characteristics and operational performance of large onshore wind farms in the complex terrain of Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, China. The research results showed that after verification, the systematic error of the WRF simulations was less than 3%. The WRF model and the WFP scheme simulated a significant warming phenomenon within the wind power base area, while a cooling effect was observed outside. The analysis of the wake effects indicated that the impact of Phase I construction on Phase II construction of the wind power base was minimal. During the operation of the entire wind power base, the wind speed within the wind farm decreased by approximately 10%, and the influence range of the predominant wind direction extended over a hundred kilometers downwind. The research conclusions provide a powerful scientific basis for optimizing design and operation, improving efficiency, minimizing the negative impacts on adjacent wind turbines, and ensuring the sustainable development of wind energy through dynamic planning and scientific assessment.

Research progress of CO2 absorbent in postcombustion capture process

AbstractExcessive emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), are the primary culprits behind the phenomenon of global warming, and reducing CO2 emissions has become the primary global concern for all countries. CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is a key strategy in achieving the goals of the dual carbon strategy, and carbon capture is one of the most critical technology links. However, the development of chemical absorbents have been hindered by these problems such as poor absorption rate, low absorption capacity, poor stability, high energy consumption for regeneration, and high recovery cost. Therefore, how to realize the development and industrial application of CO2 chemical absorbents with efficient capture and low energy consumption for regeneration is an extremely severe challenge to be broken through at present. Herein, the current research progress of chemical absorbents is summarized and discussed in depth, which focuses on the absorption mechanism, absorption performance, advantages, and disadvantages of various absorbents. Subsequently, the existing problems and corresponding solutions for the research system are pointed out. Finally, the future development direction of absorbents is prospected.

Agricultural Crisis Mitigation Strategy through Scientific Interpretation: A Study on Tafsir Ilmi by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs

This research examines the scientific interpretation of agricultural verses in the Ministry of Religion’s interpretation. The Ministry of Religion’s scientific interpretation work responds to efforts to integrate science and the Qur’an. It is motivated by modern social life characterized by advances in science and technology. Scientific interpretation is used in interpreting kauniyah verses by involving scientific tools. The meaning revealed results from a dialectical process between the Qur’an and scientific disciplines or modern science. This qualitative-descriptive research seeks to trace and classify the interpretation of agricultural verses in the Ministry of Religion’s scientific interpretation works. The findings show that the Ministry of Religion’s scientific interpretation of agricultural verses includes several aspects, such as the nature of human creation as managers of the earth, livelihoods, land use, use of plants for human life, water resources, and preventing water crises. The Ministry of Religion’s scientific interpretation of these agricultural verses responds to contemporary environmental crises and global warming phenomena. This interpretation also provides insight into ecological preservation by farming as a provider of life in the universe. Such environmental preservation can mitigate global crises caused by rapid industrial and technological life.

ASPECTS REGARDING THE MITOTIC ACTIVITY IN SOME VARIETIES OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) GROWN IN THE EXPERIMENTAL FIELD AT SCDA CARACAL

Wheat has a great importance as a food product, providing a large part of the carbohydrates and proteins needed by humans and representing more than half of the calories consumed by mankind. The nutritional importance of wheat and its beneficial effects on human health have been emphasized in many studies, both in agricultural and medical fields.In the current climate conditions and the predicted changes, as a result of the global warming phenomenon, drought resistance is a priority objective of wheat breeding programs. A decrease in soil water potential due to drought decreases the mitotic activity and rate of leaf expansion.This study presents some results regarding the mitotic activity (MA) in some varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in experiences set up at SCDA Caracal (Romania). Water stress caused a decrease of MA in al genotypes and changes in cell wall integrity. The mitotic index (MI) was an efficient index for detecting the mitotic activity deterioration process, which ranged from 9.2 to 17.6%. There was also some alterations of normal mitosis and appearance of some chromosomal and nuclear abnormalities in wheat cells (disorganized cells, chromosome fragmentation, sticky chromosomes, unequal anaphase, ghost nucleus, etc.), with values ranging from 7.15 to 26.08%.These results suggest a reduction of mitotic activity and increase of oxidative stress in wheat under drought conditions.

Profile of High School Student’s Scientific Literacy to Support SDGs’13 (Climate Action) on the Global Warming Phenomenon

Profile of High School Student’s Scientific Literacy to Support SDGs’13 (Climate Action) on the Global Warming Phenomenon

Impact of Extreme Climate Indices on Vegetation Dynamics in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: A Comprehensive Analysis Utilizing Long-Term Dataset

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is crucial for global climate regulation and ecological equilibrium. However, the phenomenon of global climate warming has increased the frequency of extreme weather events on the QTP, exerting substantial effects on both regional and global ecological systems. This study utilized long-term series NDVI and extreme climate indices to comprehensively evaluate the impact of extreme climatic changes on diverse vegetation types within the QTP. A variety of analytical methodologies, including trend analysis, a Mann–Kendall test, correlation analysis, and random forest importance ranking, were employed in this study. These methodologies were applied to investigate the distribution patterns and variation trends of diverse vegetation types and extreme climate indices. This comprehensive approach facilitated a detailed analysis of the responses of different vegetation types to interannual variability under extreme climatic conditions and enabled the assessment of the impact of extreme climate indices on these vegetation types. The findings have the following implications: (1) Except for forests, the annual NDVI for overall vegetation, meadows, steppes, deserts, and alpine vegetation in the QTP exhibits a significant upward trend (p < 0.01). Notably, meadows and deserts demonstrate the highest growth rates at 0.007/10y, whereas the annual NDVI of forests is not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Substantial increases in vegetation were predominantly detected in the central and northeastern regions of the QTP, while significant decreases were mostly observed in the southeastern and western regions. The area exhibiting significant vegetation increase (38.71%) considerably surpasses that of the area with a significant decrease (14.24%). (2) There was a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the number of days associated with extreme cold temperature indices, including CSDI, DTR, FD, ID, TN10p, and TX10p. In contrast, indices related to extremely warm temperatures, such as GSL, WSDI, SU25, TN90p, TNn, TNx, TX90p, and TXx, exhibited a statistically significant increase (p < 0.01). The pronounced rise in minimum temperatures, reflected by fewer cold days, has notably contributed to climate warming. Although extreme precipitation events have become less frequent, their intensity has increased. Notable spatial variations in extreme precipitation were observed, although no consistent changing pattern emerged. (3) The annual NDVI for non-forest vegetation types showed a significant negative correlation with most extreme cold temperature indices and a significant positive correlation with extreme warm temperature indices. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between annual NDVI and extreme precipitation indices is found only in steppe and desert ecosystems, with no such correlation observed in other vegetation types. Both correlation analysis and random forest methodologies underscore the impact of extreme climate indices on vegetation variations, with the random forest model exhibiting superior capability in capturing nonlinear relationships. In conclusion, global climate change is projected to result in a heightened frequency of extreme warm events. Although these conditions might temporarily enhance vegetation growth, they are also associated with numerous detrimental impacts. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance awareness and take proactive measures for early warning and prevention.

Effects of predator cooperation in hunting and prey fear in a generalist predator–prey model that includes global warming phenomena

Effects of predator cooperation in hunting and prey fear in a generalist predator–prey model that includes global warming phenomena

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN PROGRESS FOR FIELD PEAS (Pisum sativum L.)

Since ancient times, the field pea has stood out, on the one hand, for its special nutritional value, and, on the other hand, for the favorable impact it leaves on the environment through cultivation. Currently, more and more performing varieties are obtained and with increased adaptability in different environmental conditions. Recently, the plant is also recommended for the establishment of green, protective crops, including in horticulture. It is believed that by growing peas, there is also a conservation of CO2, as a response to the need to reduce the phenomenon of global warming. The new pea variety Avatar thus has a number of improved morphological characters, which proves that pea breeding is making visible progress. Among these new morphological characters, the height of the plant was 80 cm, with the dominant weight of 11 g. The plant had 15 nodes of which the last 6 formed pods. Pod mass was 8 g/plant and contained 22 grains/plant. Pea grains had a mass of 5 g/plant, a diameter of 7 mm, and an absolute mass (BMB) of 260 g. The correlations obtained between these characters showed generally positive trends. Considering the gain of these morphological characters in progress, it is recommended to increase the proportion of the plant in the structure of crops within the farm.

Impact scenarios on groundwater availability of southern Italy by joint application of regional climate models (RCMs) and meteorological time series.

Nowadays the phenomenon of global warming is unequivocal, as confirmed by the latest reports of the IPCC and studies of the climate-change impacts on ecosystems, global economy, and populations. The effect of climate change on groundwater is a very relevant task especially for regions dependent chiefly on groundwater availability, as for the southern Italy. In such a territorial framework, to achieve a detailed hydro-climatological characterization, an Ensemble of 15 RCMs (E15) derived from the EURO-CORDEX project was analyzed considering two IPCC Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The E15 was calibrated over the period (1950-1996) by a statistical comparison with data observed by the regional meteorological network managed by the former National Hydrological Service (SIMN), Department of Naples. The effects of climate change on air temperature (T), precipitation (P) and, consequently, on actual evapotranspiration (ETR) and effective precipitation Pe (P - ETR) were analyzed until 2100. The latter was considered as a proxy of groundwater recharge of the principal aquifer systems, represented chiefly by the karst aquifers. As a principal result, it was found that the E15 is basically able to reproduce the observed annual precipitation (OBSP) and mean annual air temperature (OBST), being characterized by a very similar frequency distribution. Accordingly, an inferential statistical approach was performed for calibrating E15 precipitation (E15P) and air temperature (E15T) based on the compensation of the difference with OBSP (+ 7%) and OBST (-16%). The E15 projects a reduction in precipitation and an increase in air temperature under both RCPs, with a divergence point between the two scenarios occurring by about 2040. As a principal result, Pe shows declining trends for both RCP scenarios, reaching a decrease of the 11-yrs moving average down to -20%, for RCP4.5, and -50%, for RCP8.5, even if characterized by relevant inter-annual fluctuations.

Analysis of e-worksheet based on SDG-13 in climate change material

E-worksheets are needed to support learning of SDG-13 material on climate change material, but analysis related to this has not attracted much attention from researchers. The purpose of this study was to determine the needs of students related to digital-based teaching materials that they want to apply in the classroom in biology learning, especially on climate change material to show the phenomenon of global warming with the application of the Merdeka Curriculum. The use of digital-based media is still very suboptimal in utilization, especially in the material of climate change in biology subjects. This quantitative research was conducted using questionnaire techniques, namely giving questionnaires to X-grade students in two schools, namely SMAN in Yogyakarta and SMAN in South Sulawesi Regency, and descriptive techniques were used for analysis tools. The results of student respondents show that 100% want to use electronic worksheets as a learning medium on climate change material. The implication of this research is expected to increase the potential use of digital-based teaching materials and realize the 21st-century era that relies on technology.

Assessing thermal comfort in hot and humid (tropical) climates: Urban outdoor and semi-outdoor conditions in waiting areas of railway stations

Assessing thermal comfort in hot and humid (tropical) climates: Urban outdoor and semi-outdoor conditions in waiting areas of railway stations

Adopting a Culture of Total Quality Management in Measuring Green Costs and its Reflection in Improving the Indicators of Continuity and Growth a Survey of Some Industrial Companies in Sudan

Adopting the knowledge of total quality management, which is one of the vital factors in improving the quality of products and services by adopting continuous methodologies for development and improvement when integrating this knowledge with green costs, which focus on measuring the cost of the product while taking into account the environmental impacts, and the importance of the study lies in the fact that the phenomenon of environmental pollution and global warming has become a topic of global interest from the political, economic and financial aspects, and most industrial companies in Sudan do not care enough about measuring green costs. This study aims to provide a scientific theoretical framework by identifying the criteria and rules for determining and measuring green costs and obtaining practical results from the study for the possibility of applying them in Sudanese industrial companies. One of the most important results reached by the study is that adopting the culture of total quality management in measuring green costs improves the indicators of growth and continuity in industrial companies in Sudan.

Impacts of Local and Remote SST Warming on Summer Circulation Changes in the Western North Pacific

Abstract This study explores how future SST warming in remote ocean basins may affect the western North Pacific (WNP) wet season climate by applying a high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model to conduct a series of numerical experiments. A marked precipitation and tropical cyclone (TC) activity reduction, as well as enhanced anticyclonic circulation, in the WNP is projected in AMIP experiments forced by SST change in a future warming scenario. The sensitivity experiments reveal that various SST warming phenomena (e.g., in the global SST warming pattern, the tropical ocean belt, the Indian Ocean, the tropical Atlantic, and the subtropical northeast Pacific) and the increase in greenhouse gas concentration could weaken the precipitation, TC activity, and circulation. By contrast, the SST warming in the WNP and eastern equatorial Pacific has opposite and mixed effects, respectively, and tends to weakly offset the dominant influences of remote ocean warming. These results indicate that the WNP, being the epicenter of the global teleconnection of divergent and rotational flow, is susceptible to the influence of the SST warming in remote ocean basins. The remote forcing as projected in future scenarios would overwhelm the enhancing effect of local SST warming and weaken the circulation, convection, and TC activity in the WNP. These findings further the understanding of how the decreased precipitation and enhanced subtropical high in the WNP may be easily triggered by remote SST warming as revealed in the AMIP-type simulations. How this effect would be affected by air–sea coupling needs further investigation.