Medication Research Articles

Network Pharmacology-Based Identification of Key Metabolites from Immunized Rhynchophorus Larvae as Therapeutic Agents Against Antibiotic-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoea

Network Pharmacology-Based Identification of Key Metabolites from Immunized Rhynchophorus Larvae as Therapeutic Agents Against Antibiotic-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoea

Role of artificial intelligence in pharmaceutical drug development and drug delivery: An updated review

Role of artificial intelligence in pharmaceutical drug development and drug delivery: An updated review

Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose from Sansevieria trifasciata as an Alternative Raw Material for Capsule Shell.

Capsules are pharmaceutical preparations that are enclosed in hard or soft capsule shells made of gelatin. Because gelatin is typically generated from non-halal materials, there is a need for alternative raw materials for making capsule shells, one of which is carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), which is synthesized from cellulose. This study aims to find alternative raw materials for the manufacture of capsule shells from cellulose-containing Sansevieria trifasciata leaves. Then, the isolated cellulose was treated with sodium Na-CMC using the alkalization and carboxymethylation methods. The cellulose that was produced fulfills the requirements for continuing the synthesis of Na-CMC. The yield of Na-CMC produced was 83.83%, with a pH of 6; dispersed in water and insoluble in ethanol and ether; a degree of substitution of 0.83; and a water content of 12%. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy study results show the presence of functional groups such as O-H at 3332 cm-1, C-H at 2930 cm-1, C=C at 2050 cm-1, O-Na at 1588.82 cm-1, and C-O at 1020.16 cm-1. The resulting capsule shell has the following properties: transparency, a slightly cream color, a somewhat firm texture, no odor, and a moisture content of 20%. As a result, it is possible to establish that Na-CMC from the S. trifasciata leaves can be used as a raw material for capsule shells.

Nanofabricated Bacterial Cell Walls with Intrinsic Peroxidase-Mimicking and Sonodynamic Activities for Cancer Combination Treatment.

Bacterial cancer therapy recently has been attracting more and more attention because of its multiple functions to fight cancer. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium, acquires protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and iron from heme and synthesizes abundant µ-oxo bisheme on its cell walls (CWs). For the first time, it is found that the CWs extracted from Pg has intrinsic peroxidase (POD)-mimicking and sonodynamic activities owing to the presence of µ-oxo bisheme. In this study, the CWs of Pg are nanofabricated to form the CW vesicles (CWV) containing a large amount of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)and further encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) to prepare DOX-loaded CWV (DOX@CWV), hoping to eradicate cancer by combining sonodynamic therapy (SDT), chemotherapy, and bacterial immunotherapy. The results confirmed that DOX@CWV can catalyze the conversion of H2O2 into O2 and consume the reduced glutathione (GSH), and thus greatly boost their own sonodynamic performance upon ultrasonic irradiation. Both in vitro and in vivo, DOX@CWV efficiently inhibited cancer growth by combining SDT and chemotherapy, and also exerted synergistic anticancer immune effects of bacterial immunotherapy and SDT. In summary, the findings not only contribute a promising bacterial therapeutic agent but also provide a combination strategy for clinical cancer treatment.

Zingiberaceae in Cardiovascular Health: A review of adipokine modulation and endothelial protection via adipocyte-endothelial crosstalk mechanism.

Although adipose tissue controls metabolism and protects vital organs, its importance to general health is being highlighted by the rise in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Adipokines produced by adipose cells are essential regulators of metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory response. It also protects vascular endothelial cells for its potential implications for cardiovascular protection. Understanding its intricate involvement in adipose tissue-endothelial communication is critical in developing targeted therapeutics to treat cardiovascular conditions linked with obesity and metabolic dysregulation. Spices from the Zingiberaceae family, such as cardamom, turmeric, and ginger, have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that help reduce oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and adipocyte-endothelial crosstalk which are all linked to the etiology of CVD. Comprehensive molecular insights into how they modulate adipokine signalling, inflammatory pathways, and ROS-induced adipocyte-vascular interactions remain unexplored, demanding additional translational and clinical validation. With an emphasis on patients with obesity and metabolic dysregulation, the investigation aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which the spice as whole/bioactive constituents of the Zingiberaceae family may provide protection against CVD by integrating previous studies. Current research continues to support the use of spices from the Zingiberaceae family, such as ginger, turmeric, cardamom, and pepper, as potential therapeutic agents for addressing metabolic complications like obesity, type II diabetes, and CVDs. These natural remedies may modulate adipocyte-endothelial crosstalk and inflammation by modulatingimportant signalling pathways such as AMPK, AKT, PPAR, and NF-κB.. This review provides a complete summary of existing knowledge, opening the way for future research and prospective therapeutic applications of Zingiberaceae spices in cardiovascular health management.

Exosome Innovations in Ophthalmology and Sjögren's Syndrome.

Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, have emerged as potential therapeutic agents in ophthalmology due to their ability to modulate immune responses, facilitate cellular communication, and promote tissue repair. This chapter explores the potential applications of exosome-based therapies in corneal and anterior segment disorders, retinal diseases, glaucoma, and Sjögren's syndrome. In corneal disorders, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived secretomes have shown promise in accelerating wound healing, reducing fibrosis, and modulating inflammation, with hydrogel encapsulation strategies potentially enhancing their efficacy. In retinal diseases, exosomes may provide neuroprotective effects in age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. In glaucoma, secretome-based therapies could support retinal ganglion cell survival and optic nerve regeneration, though their impact on intraocular pressure via the trabecular meshwork remains uncertain. Additionally, exosomal biomarkers in aqueous humor are being investigated as potential diagnostic tools. In Sjögren's syndrome, exosomal biomarkers may facilitate earlier detection, while stem cell-derived exosomes hold promise in modulating immune responses and restoring glandular function. Despite encouraging preclinical and early clinical findings, standardization, scalability, and long-term safety must be addressed before clinical translation. Future research will focus on optimizing exosome-based therapies and exploring their feasibility for ophthalmic applications.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development: A Paradigm Shift in the History of Pharmaceutical Industries.

In today's world, with an increasing patient population, the need for medications is increasing rapidly. However, the current practice of drug development is time-consuming and requires a lot of investment by the pharmaceutical industries. Currently, it takes around 8-10years and $3 billion of investment to develop a medication. Pharmaceutical industries and regulatory authorities are continuing to adopt new technologies to improve the efficiency of the drug development process. However, over the decades the pharmaceutical industries were not able to accelerate the drug development process. The pandemic (COVID-19) has taught the pharmaceutical industries and regulatory agencies an expensive lesson showing the need for emergency preparedness by accelerating the drug development process. Over the last few years, the pharmaceutical industries have been collaborating with artificial intelligence (AI) companies to develop algorithms and models that can be implemented at various stages of the drug development process to improve efficiency and reduce the developmental timelines significantly. In recent years, AI-screened drug candidates have entered clinical testing in human subjects which shows the interest of pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies. End-end integration of AI within the drug development process will benefit the industries for predicting the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, toxicity, acceleration of clinical trials, study design, virtual monitoring of subjects, optimization of manufacturing process, analyzing and real-time monitoring of product quality, and regulatory preparedness. This review article discusses in detail the role of AI in various avenues of the pharmaceutical drug development process, its limitations, regulatory and future perspectives.

Ethyl Pyruvate as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Endometriosis: A Perspective.

Endometriosis is a disease where vascularised tissue similar to endometrium (the lining of the uterus) grows outside of the uterus. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of inflammation, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, altered energy metabolism, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).Even though endometriosis was described more than 150 years ago, we have been unable to find its effective therapy. Conservative treatment approaches like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or hormone therapy are available to date for the treatment of endometriosis. Anti-angiogenic inhibitors and immunomodulators like IFN-α, β, and TNF-α inhibitors are also potential treatment options. These treatments are inadequate as they either affect the symptoms only of endometriosis or target only one pathological pathway involved. Surgical excision of the endometriotic lesion is also possible, however, recurrence of the disease is reported in several cases. A single therapeutic agent targeting several pathological processes in endometriosis would always be a better option. Here we present our perspective on the pharmacological potential of Ethyl pyruvate and also propose it as a promising therapeutic agent for endometriosis as it inhibits inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, aerobic glycolysis, EMT, and ROS activity together.

Identifying potent inhibitors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis MabA (FabG1).

The surge in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains poses formidable challenges for tuberculosis treatment, emphasizing the pressing need to explore novel therapeutic agents. Mycolic acids, essential for bacterial cell wall formation, are synthesized by two fatty acid synthase (FAS) systems: FAS-I and FAS-II. MabA, an enzyme in the FAS-II system, is vital in the second step of fatty acid biosynthesis and is responsible for the elongation of mycolic acids. In this study, we screened 1,792,771 compounds from seven different databases to screen prospective inhibitors of MabA, an emerging therapeutic target for Mtb. Using a combination of molecular docking, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energy calculations, we identified 48 novel lead compounds from five distinct classes that exhibit significant binding activity against MabA. Of these, 47 compounds demonstrated significantly higher MM/PBSA binding free energy than the only reported MabA inhibitor, compound 29. Altogether, our findings mark a significant advancement towards the rational design of novel therapeutics aimed at combating mycobacterial infections and overcoming drug resistance.

Age-related adverse effects of Tamoxifen in female breast cancer patients: Insights from the FDA's adverse event reporting system.

BackgroundTamoxifen is an effective treatment for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (BC). Despite its effectiveness, there have been many reports of adverse reaction. However, the relationship between Tamoxifen-related adverse events (ADEs) and patient age remains unclear.AimTo enhance clinical medication guidance and drug safety by identifying age-specific ADEs associated with Tamoxifen therapy in female breast cancer patients, thereby offering a more robust foundation for evidence-based clinical practice.MethodsADEs reports of Tamoxifen from the FAERS database were extracted from the first quarter of 2004 to the second quarter of 2023. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) data analysis strategy was used for mining signal strength that represents age differences in ADEs related to Tamoxifen.ResultsThe number of efficient ADE signals associated with Tamoxifen for female BC included in the analysis was 338 in premenopausal women, 847 in perimenopause and 1525 in postmenopause respectively. Our study showed age differences in three age groups of ADEs with Tamoxifen in female BC. Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women receiving tamoxifen therapy demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of adverse drug reactions, particularly involving the gastrointestinal tract, renal/urinary systems, hematologic/lymphatic systems, endocrine functions, and immune responses. It was particularly concerned that ADEs associated with ear and labyrinth disorders had only been reported in perimenopause.ConclusionAge differences was detected in ADE signals related to Tamoxifen. There were significant differences in Tamoxifen related ADEs of premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with BC in different systems. To ensure the safety of medicines, we should be aware of the age-related differences in ADEs and take appropriate preventive measures to reduce incidence of serious ADEs.

PPARγ is a potential therapeutic target for radiation enteritis via suppressing ferroptosis, mediated by the GAPDH/glycosylation axis.

Radiation enteritis (RE) is a severe complication after radiotherapy with no specific therapeutic agents. Here, we have attempted to identify the key therapeutic targets for RE, to advance drug development. Therapeutic targets were screened and identified using RE patients' intestinal samples, bioinformatics, and mouse models. RNA sequencing, electron microscopy, metabolomics, glycolytic flux, co-immunoprecipitation, molecular docking, point mutation were used to identify mechanisms. Analysis of gene changes in response to ionising radiation showed extensive regulation of several differentially expressed genes by PPARγ, as well as its deficiency in activation and expression in RE. Both activation and overexpression of PPARγ significantly antagonised RE in vivo. Mechanistically, PPARγ specifically limited ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to ionising radiation, and its selective activation was more effective than full activation because of the reduced effect on the ferroptosis-driving genes PTEN and SAT1. Furthermore, ionising radiation caused the greatest changes in glucose metabolism. PPARγ targeted GAPDH at Lys107 to shift glycolysis to the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, thereby enhancing glycosylation. In ionising radiation-induced ferroptosis, O/N-GlcNAcylation initially played antagonistic roles and later mediated the process, and they assisted PPARγ in restraining lysosomal degradation of heavy-chain ferritin (FTH1) and the transferrin receptor TFRC, thus controlling storage and transport of iron, and consequently alleviated ferroptosis. PPARγ is a potential therapeutic target for RE, as it elicits GAPDH-mediated glucose metabolic reprogramming and alleviates ionising radiation-induced ferroptosis, in a glycosylation-dependent manner.

Cannabichromene, a key non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid in treatment of major depressive disorder: in silico and in vivo explorations.

Cannabichromene, a non-psychotropic cannabinoid with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, is hypothesized to possess antidepressant potential. This study aimed to evaluate cannabichromene's depression-alleviating effects in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress and unstressed mice using a combination of in silico and in vivo approaches. Initially, gene targets associated with major depressive disorder were identified through GeneCards, while cannabichromene's target genes were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction. Overlapping targets were visualized using Venny software, and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed with the STRING database. The cannabinoid receptor two genes, encoding the cannabinoid 2 receptor, emerged as a key shared target. Molecular docking studies revealed that cannabichromene exhibited a strong binding affinity to cannabinoid 2 receptors (docking score: - 9.4) compared to cannabidiol (CBD) (- 8.8) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (- 9.1). For in vivo analysis, male Swiss albino mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 3weeks to induce depression-like behavior. Cannabichromene (10 and 20mg/kg) and imipramine (15mg/kg) were administered for 21days. Cannabichromene at 20mg/kg significantly reduced immobility in stressed mice, like imipramine, without affecting locomotor activity. Additionally, both cannabichromene and imipramine reduced elevated plasma nitrite and corticosterone levels and inhibited monoamine oxidase-A activity in the brain. Cannabichromene also reversed stress-induced catalase suppression. In conclusion, cannabichromene revealed a relatively substantial antidepressant character with chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in Swiss albino male mice, likely through interaction with cannabinoid 2 receptors encoded by the cannabinoid 2 gene, as ratified via in silico modeling and in vivo findings. This highlights cannabichromene's potential as a novel therapeutic agent for depression after further in vitro and clinical assessments in other models.

Chlorogenic acid and intestinal health: mechanistic insights and therapeutic applications.

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic compound found in various plant species, has shown considerable potential in the treatment and management of several diseases due to its potent bioactive properties. Increasing evidence indicates that CGA exerts significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects by modulating key signaling pathways, including MAPK, PTEN/Akt, STAT3, and NF-κB/NLRP3. Furthermore, CGA enhances intestinal barrier function and positively influences the gut microbiota composition, making it a promising natural therapeutic agent for conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the most recent research on CGA's role in managing intestinal disorders. It first discusses CGA's chemical structure and pharmacokinetics (including absorption and metabolism), followed by an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms through which CGA mediates its therapeutic effects. These insights aim to advance our understanding of CGA's therapeutic potential in treating intestinal diseases.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Studies of Sanguinarine Against Methiclliin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Canine Pyoderma.

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a major pathogen of canine pyoderma, and its increasing antimicrobial resistance poses a potential threat to public health, making it crucial to explore the development of new alternative therapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antimicrobial activity and mechanism of inhibition of sanguinarine (SAN) against clinically resistant bacteria. In addition, a murine Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) skin infection model was established to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of SAN. In vitro assays revealed that The MIC and MBC of SAN against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were 39.06 μg·mL⁻¹ and 156.25 μg·mL⁻¹. SAN could delay MRSP entry into the logarithmic growth phase and disrupt the bacterial structure. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SAN primarily impacted amino acid synthesis and metabolism. In a murine MRSP skin infection model, SAN significantly reduced bacterial load, increased serum IL-4 expression, and decreased IL-6 expression. Histopathological analysis showed reduced inflammation and improved skin structure in the SAN group, with abundant fibroblasts and macrophages. These results reveal that SAN can inhibit the growth of MRSP, the primary drug-resistant strain associated with canine pyoderma, and suggests SAN's potential as a therapeutic option to counteract the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

Paeoniflorin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation and Depression Through the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

Depression is associated with bidirectional interactions between inflammatory responses and behavioral dysfunction. Paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside derived from Paeonia lactiflora, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of PF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behaviors in mice and neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells. Mice were co-administered PF (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day) and LPS (2 mg/kg) for 7 days. Behavioral tests; Nissl staining; and Golgi, Iba1, DLG4, and cytokine assays were conducted. Additionally, hippocampal NF-κB, Nrf2, and BDNF signaling pathways were analyzed using Western blots. In BV2 cells, oxidative stress and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were assessed using CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Western blotting after 24 h of LPS and PF treatment. PF significantly alleviated LPS-induced depression-like behaviors, increased hippocampal neuron and dendritic spine density, and upregulated synaptic proteins (PSD95, SNAP25, and BDNF). Mechanistically, PF suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the Akt/GSK3β pathway, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and enhanced the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant axis. In BV2 cells, PF restored mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited apoptosis, and decreased cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, PF significantly improved LPS-induced depression-like behaviors and attenuated neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammation-associated depression.

Development of a machine learning-based predictive risk model combining fatty acid metabolism and ferroptosis for immunotherapy response and prognosis in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, necessitating robust prognostic models and personalized therapeutic strategies. This study integrated bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomics to construct a prognostic model based on genes shared between ferroptosis and fatty acid metabolism (FAM). Using the TCGA-PRAD dataset, we identified 73 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the intersection of ferroptosis and FAM, of which 19 were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS). A machine learning-based prognostic model, optimized using the Lasso + Random Survival Forest (RSF) algorithm, achieved a high C-index of 0.876 and demonstrated strong predictive accuracy (1-, 2-, and 3-year AUCs: 0.77, 0.75, and 0.78, respectively). The model, validated in the DFKZ cohort, stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups, with the high-risk group exhibiting worse PFS and higher tumor mutation burden (TMB). Functional enrichment analysis revealed distinct pathway activities, with high-risk patients showing enrichment in immune-related and proliferative pathways, while low-risk patients were enriched in metabolic pathways. Immune microenvironment analysis revealed heightened immune activity in high-risk patients, characterized by increased infiltration of CD8 + T cells, regulatory T cells, and M2 macrophages, alongside elevated TIDE scores, suggesting immune evasion and resistance to immunotherapy. In contrast, low-risk patients exhibited higher infiltration of plasma cells and neutrophils and demonstrated better responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Spatial transcriptomics and scRNA-seq further elucidated the spatial distribution of model genes, highlighting the central role of macrophages in mediating risk stratification. Additionally, chemotherapy sensitivity analysis identified potential therapeutic agents, such as Erlotinib and Picolinic acid, for low-risk patients. In vitro experiments showed that overexpression of CD38 in the PC-3 cell line led to elevated lipid peroxidation (C11-BODIPY) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting increased cell ferroptosis. These findings provide a comprehensive framework for risk stratification and personalized treatment in PCa, bridging molecular mechanisms with clinical outcomes.

Molecular Self-Assembly of Peptides into Supramolecular Nanoarchitectures for Target-Specific Drug Delivery.

Self-assembled fluorescent peptides are promising drug-delivery vehicles targeting cancer cells and enhancing the precision of therapeutic agents. Several systems have been developed including fluorescent peptides as cysteine-core peptides, cyclic peptides, nanostructures and peptide polymer conjugates specifically designed for targeted drug delivery. Further, these supramolecular carriers aid in targeted drug transport by using different cargos like doxorubicin (Dox), paclitaxel (PTX), etc. Additionally, dipeptides such as tryptophan-phenylalanine self-assemble via zinc ion chelation, facilitating the endosomal escape thereby enhancing the drug efficacy within multifunctional nanoparticle systems. Furthermore, pH-activatable and enzyme-responsive peptide nanostructures have been engineered to exhibit potential for controlled drug release. These self-assembled peptide systems not only enable targeted drug delivery but also provide controlled release, with applications extending to ocular drug delivery and the treatment of retinal diseases. These systems possess intrinsic fluorescence properties that allow real-time tracking of drug release and cellular uptake, making them highly useful for theranostic applications. Moreover, fluorescently tagged cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are widely used to explore how these systems enter cells, revealing multiple ways they are taken up, like endocytosis, micropinocytosis, direct membrane crossing, and counterion-assisted transport. This versatility adds real value to peptide-based approaches in cancer therapy. Further research advancements should enhance stability, explore combination therapies, and improve clinical translation for broader therapeutic applications.

Analysis of the range of disinfectants used in pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises

Introduction. Maintaining cleanliness of pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities is a requirement of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). According to the GMP standards of the Russian Federation and the GMP standards of the Eurasian Economic Union, the procedure for using detergents and disinfectants, developed by the organization independently, must be based on microbiological control and ensure rotation of different types of preparations. Objective: analysis of the trade names of disinfectants used at 4 enterprises for treating premises of different cleanliness classes from A to D was carried out. Material and methods. The evaluation parameters were chosen: belonging of the active ingredient to one or another group according to the modern classification of disinfectants; country of origin; price range of the offer from open sources; scope of application and processing modes in accordance with the instructions for use. Results. Despite the differences in the number of items in each pharmaceutical enterprise, it has been revealed that the drugs contain active substances of different chemical natures, ensuring the destruction of any microorganisms and preventing the development of their resistance. Combined disinfectants dominate the range of disinfectants used. More often, concentrates or solid forms are used to prepare working solutions, followed by antiseptics intended for sanitizing the hands of personnel and disinfecting small, hard-to-reach surfaces and equipment. Most disinfectants are domestic. The instructions for use of some drugs do not clearly state that they are intended for use in pharmaceutical or other drug manufacturing facilities. Prices for the studied titles published in open popular sources show significant fluctuations. Conclusion. The analysis of the range of disinfectants used at four pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises demonstrated the use of drugs of different groups according to the active ingredient, which allows for effective disinfection, development of individual treatment modes for rooms of purity classes A, B, C, D, while rotating drugs, as required by the GMP standard.

Improving Medication Safety Through Medication Reconciliation in Pediatric Neurology: Clinical Pharmacist Recommendations and Physician Uptake in a 13-Week Study

Background/Objectives: Clinical pharmacy plays a crucial role in optimizing medication use, particularly in pediatric settings where drug therapy can be complex and understudied. This study aims to assess the impact of clinical pharmacists in the Pediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit of the Padova University Hospital, focusing on physician acceptance of pharmacist suggestions and the types of advice most frequently followed. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted over 13 weeks to describe the implementation phase of clinical pharmacists’ involvement in medication reconciliation in this setting. The study consisted of three steps. The study utilized a cluster model to categorize pharmacist suggestions and to evaluate physician acceptance rates. Results: The study included 57 hospitalized pediatric patients (53% male) with a median age of 3 years (IQR: 1–10.25). A total of 138 recommendations were shared, with an overall acceptance rate of 42%. Medication errors accounted for the largest cluster of suggestions (45%), though only 32% were accepted. Among the most frequently shared categories of suggestions, pharmaceutical form optimization (A) and drug supply (E) exhibited higher acceptance rates by clinicians (64% and 42%, respectively). The acceptance rate increased over time, peaking at 100% during weeks 7 and 11, correlating positively with enhanced collaboration between pharmacists and clinicians (R2 = 0.59). Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of clinical pharmacists in pediatric care, particularly in improving medication management through targeted interventions. The findings suggest that integrating clinical pharmacists into multidisciplinary teams can enhance patient care quality by fostering collaboration and trust among healthcare professionals.

Natural Honey as a Potent Therapeutic Agent: A Review

Context: Since the beginning of time, among the most valued and cherished natural products that people have access to is honey. In addition to being used as a nutritional supplement, honey is utilised in traditional medicine to treat a variety of clinical ailments, from cancer therapy to wound healing. Due to its high protein, amino acid, simple sugar, flavonoid, and phenolic acid content, honey has a wide range of nutritional and bioactive qualities. As a result, it can be regarded as a functional food that supports health and has recently attracted attention from researchers as a possible therapeutic product. Aim: To give a summary of honey's clinical applications in medicine, highlighting its efficacy and to draw attention to honey's numerous therapeutic uses Methods: To find pertinent research on the therapeutic uses of honey, a thorough literature search was carried out. Numerous databases were searched, and papers published between 1992 and 2022 were included. To gather relevant data for this critical assessment, the chosen studies were subjected to a critical evaluation. Results: Antibacterial, antiproliferative, antioxidative, anticancer, and anti-metastatic qualities are reportedly present in honey's ingredients. Honey may help treat and manage wounds, diabetes, cancer, asthma, and other neurological, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal conditions, according to a growing body of research. Honey may be used therapeutically to cure illness because of its phytochemical, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. Honey has two primary bioactive substances, flavonoids and polyphenols, both of which have antioxidant qualities. Numerous medical diseases, including as diabetes mellitus, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and nervous system disorders, may benefit from honey's preventive properties, according to current scientific literature. Honey may possibly be useful in the treatment of cancer because it contains a range of antioxidants. Conclusion: Honey has potential applications as a natural remedy for a variety of illnesses. There is enough evidence to support using honey to cure medical ailments and the use of honey in medical wards is amply supported by the data. Healthcare practitioners have the chance to improve patient outcomes and treatment quality by utilising honey's full potential in the medical area.