Unlocking the catalytic potential of transaminase: A two-decade evolution toward green and scalable biocatalysis.

• Optimal treatment strategies for epidemics under explicit and endogenous budgets. • Health authority minimizes infection and costs via dynamic treatment allocation. • Quadratic and blow-up cost structures yield different epidemic and spending paths. • Extension: drug pricing modeled as a Stackelberg game with strategic responses. • Policy insights stress coordinated budget design and outcome-based pricing. Effective epidemic control policies must balance public health objectives with economic constraints, especially when deploying high-cost curative treatments for infectious diseases. This study develops an optimal control framework for a Health Authority (HA), embedded in a controlled SIR epidemic model, to minimize the societal and economic burden of infection under budget constraints. We analyze two institutional cost specifications: a quadratic cost with an explicit budget constraint and a blow-up cost with endogenous constraint enforcement. Numerical simulations calibrated to the case of hepatitis C in France illustrate how cost structures, budget design, and the health authority’s preference over the final state of the epidemic jointly influence treatment intensity, infection dynamics, and long-term health outcomes. As an extension, we incorporate a Stackelberg differential game in which a Pharmaceutical Company (PC) strategically sets the drug price, anticipating the HA’s optimal treatment response. We show that the PC’s valuation of residual infection decisively shapes price trajectories and public health outcomes. The analysis suggests that effective policies should integrate coherent budget planning, outcome-sensitive pricing schemes, and regulatory incentives to align private behavior with long-term public health objectives.

Engineering Escherichia coli cell Factories for continuous 5'-cytidine monophosphate production via biofilm-anchored dual-enzyme cascade catalysis.

Microbial fuel cells for sustainable energy and wastewater treatment: Integrating seaweed biomass, machine learning, and hybrid systems for enhanced performance.

A potent novel small molecule GLP-1R agonist identified by rational design and CADD.

A novel flavin-containing monooxygenase from Pseudomonas guineae enables efficient biosynthesis of indigo from indole via both enzymatic and cell factory approaches.

The Charged Aerosol Detector is widely employed in modern analytical laboratories, especially within the pharmaceutical industry, due to its broad applicability. However, a significant limitation of the CAD lies in its inherent nonlinearity, traditionally addressed through mathematical transformations (power functions) aimed at achieving linear behaviour for quantification. Recent studies, however, challenge the validity of such linearization, proposing that the CAD operates under a fundamentally nonlinear model that cannot be globally linearized. This study evaluates the practical impact of these new models on the quantification of routine pharmaceutical products. When traditional global linearization and single-point calibration were applied, quantification discrepancies of up to 203% were observed between CAD and UV detection. In contrast, applying the newer super nonlinear model with appropriate processing methods reduced this discrepancy to as low as 3%. These findings suggest that the super nonlinear model more accurately represents CAD behaviour, providing consistent results across different analytical approaches. This highlights the importance of selecting suitable quantification strategies when using the CAD to ensure accurate and reliable assay outcomes. • Power functions required to linearize calibration curves changed as a function of concentration. • Global power-function linearization appeared statistically valid yet produced large discrepancies between CAD vs UV quantification of the same sample. • Accurate CAD quantification required local linearization or numerical inversion of the super-nonlinear CAD response model. • Super-nonlinear data processing yielded close agreement with UV assays for routine pharmaceutical products.

Urchin-like Bi2S3 modified disposable SPCE for vanillin detection: Experimental and DFT insights into the oxidation mechanism.

Precursor balancing by reprogramming pyruvate synthesis for high-yield l-isoleucine production in engineered Escherichia coli.

Artificial intelligence in pharmaceutical manufacturing: Applications, case studies, and GxP implementation considerations.

Removal of polysorbates degradation-related impurities by depth filter screening: A case study.

Species-specific isothermal nucleic acid amplification assay targeting Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) for rapid authentication of the medicinal crop Cirsium japonicum and Cirsium setosum in herbal markets.

Multi-step metabolic engineering optimization of Escherichia coli BL21 Star (DE3) for high-efficient production of hydroxytyrosol.

Impact of the U.S. 2025 tariff policy on Canadian pharmaceutical exports to the U.S.

This study was conducted to evaluate the bioactive (antioxidant and antimicrobial) properties of essential oils (EOs) from seven genotypes of Lippia gracilis Schauer (LGRA106, LGRA107, LGRA108, LGRA109, LGRA110, LGRA201, and LGRA202). In addition, predictive models of bacterial growth under different pH conditions (5.0, 6.0, and 9.0), in the presence and absence of LGRA 109 EO (1.32, 2.64, or 5.29 mg/mL), were obtained. The LGRA106 and LGRA109 EOs exhibited strong antioxidant (2652.2 μmol Trolox/L via the FRAP method) and antimicrobial (minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of 1.32-2.64 mg/mL) activities, respectively. The Baranyi and Roberts model showed good agreement with the experimental data, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.84 to 0.99 and adequate representation of the growth curves. The model was validated using Bias and accuracy factor values of 1, and root mean square error values ranging from 0.02 to 0.14. The model was applied to predict bacterial growth under the tested conditions. Lag phase time and maximum specific growth rate parameters were determined for all the tested bacteria. The combination of pH and EO was effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium. These results demonstrate that L. gracilis EOs are potent natural antioxidants and antimicrobials that may be further explored for applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.

Genomic insights into high-yield carotenoid production from renewable resources in radiation-resistant Deinococcus yunweiensis KCTC3955 and its optimization through fed-batch fermentation.

Attitudes of pharmaceutical sales representatives toward advertising "unmentionables": A cross-sectional survey in Egypt.

In capillary suspensions, small bridges of a secondary liquid lead to strong attractive forces between the particles, thereby enhancing network formation. We studied the rheological behavior of whey, potato and pea protein aggregate networks in oil - referred to as protein oleogels - using water as bridging liquid. Aggregates varied in size and hydrophobicity. Changes in gel strength following water addition resulted from an increased degree of clustering of the protein aggregates upon bridge formation. Additional particle rearrangements into denser networks upon heating further increased gel strength by up to a factor of 60. Such network densification was confirmed by simulations, in which a temperature increase was shown to lead to a reduction in particle distance related to changes in bridge geometry. A heat treatment is therefore an effective approach to further enhance the gel strength of biopolymeric capillary suspensions. When the water was evaporated, this network-contracting effect appeared even stronger and increased with the amount of evaporated water. Due to the high brittleness combined with strong particle clustering of these gels, their networks disintegrated into larger agglomerates upon mixing. Therefore, a second water addition did not lead to restoration of the network strength to comparable values as after the first water addition. Largest effects of heating were obtained for potato protein oleogels with aggregates of small size and initially weak gels. The ability to modify network structure by heating provides plenty of opportunities for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries to design biopolymer-based soft materials with functionality-enhancing rheological properties. • Heating increases the gel strength of capillary suspensions of protein aggregates. • This network-strengthening effect of heating is explained by network densification. • MD simulations confirm reduction of particle distance upon heating. • Largest effect of heating for initially weak gels with small aggregate size. • Water addition is irreversible due to particle agglomeration upon water evaporation.

Vaccines based on Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) against Neisseria meningitidis require the quantification and characterization of residual capsular polysaccharides (CapsPS) that are not completely removed during the production process. This task is challenging due to the complexity of the CapsPS composition and the presence of OMVs in the samples. Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC) using a negatively charged polyelectrolyte multilayer coating (SMIL) enabled complete separation of CapsPS and OMV residues in approximately 40min. The use of a 4-layer SMIL coating was crucial for achieving good repeatability of migration times (tm). The method allowed the quantification of CapsPS at concentrations between 80 and 600mgL-1. The average number and weight degrees of polymerization were also determined for each batch of OMVs, with polydispersity indexes between 1.2 and 1.5 and degrees of polymerization (DPn) between 30 and 70. This method can be readily implemented in the pharmaceutical industry for the monitoring and documentation of process development.

Mechanistic understanding of drug release in dissolution apparatuses - In-depth review.