PET Yarns Research Articles

Properties of Polyester, Nylon blended Air-Jet Textured Fabrics

Blended Air jet textured yarns were produced using Polyester and Nylon 6 filament yarns as feed materials. The yarns produced were used in the weft way for fabric production using Cimmco auto loom and 65P/35C blended woven yarns were used in the warp. Blends of PET and PA multifilament yarns offer interesting possibilities for producing fabrics with heather effects. The characteristics of the fabrics were tested and it was found that, the drapeability, crease recovery, abrasion resistance and tensile properties are better achievable with Nylon 6 rich fabrics. The Polyester rich fabrics are stiffer, highly abrasive with low tensile characteristics than Nylon wealthy fabrics. Air permeability of fabrics decreases with increase in nylon proportion in the yarn. From the above study, it is concluded that, blending plays a prominent role in altering the properties of the fabrics.

Environmental analysis of polyester fabric for ticking

The manufacturing trend nowadays seems to be in contrast with the ecosystem needs, as it is based on the exploitation of limited natural resources. A new paradigm is now driving manufacturing in the direction of sustainability: the green and circular thinking. This latter can now guide SMEs in optimizing its processes and products to be more eco-friendly, and this in turn may lead to significant competitive advantages.The purpose of the study is to analyze the environmental lifecycle performance of a 100% PET fabric used for the outer cover of bed mattresses made by an Italian company, with looms of recent technology (2009–2010). The emissions defined in the community labeling system for textile products and mattresses have been taken into account as well as the mid and final impact categories established by the guidelines for the Product Environmental Footprint developed by European. Results show that the fiber and yarn production processes are the most impacted due to transport from China and the use of Chinese electricity grid mix (rich in coal). Furthermore, the disposal of fabric is another environmental critical point. In order to evaluate the improvements in the environmental sustainability of supply of PET yarns and the disposal phase, a number of scenarios were analysed, while a Monte Carlo simulation was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the results respect to data uncertainty. A number of recommendations for the textile sector are provided, useful to assure sustainability of production. Critical points to achieve environmental labeling are highlighted and new data about textile, not already available in databases and literature, are provided due to the company's engagement. Finally, hints on the best recycling process of the product are given.

Prospective lines of development of polyester fiber and yarn manufacturing technology

The process of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) structure formation in the course of drawing and high-speed spinning, which forms the basis for the development of polyester fiber and yarn manufacturing technology, is considered. The possibility of a change in the structural mechanical properties of PET yarns is demonstrated. Perspective lines of development of polyester fiber and yarn manufacturing technology, including nanotechnology, are considered.

Recent researches concerning the obtaining of functional textiles based on conductive yarns

Modem textile industry is influenced both by consumers' lifestyle and by novel materials. Functional textiles can be included into the group of technical textiles. The functional activity can be shortly interpreted as "sense - react - adapt" to the environment while traditional materials meet only passive protective role, a barrier between body and environment. Functional materials cross the conventional limits because they are designed for specific performances, being part of domains as: telemedicine, medicine, aeronautics, biotechnology, nanotechnology, protective clothes, sportswear, etc. This paper highlights the most recent developments in the field of using conductive yarns for obtaining functional textiles. Conductive fabrics can be done by incorporating into the textile structure the conductive fibers / yarns. The technologies differ from embroidering, sewing, weaving, knitting to braiding and obtaining nonwovens. The conductive fabrics production has a quickly growth because it is a high demand for these textiles used for data transfer in clothing, monitoring vital signs, germ-free garments, brain-computer interface, etc. Nowadays it is of high interest surface treatments of fibers/yarns which can be considered as a novel kind of textile finishing. There are presented some researches related to obtaining conductive yarns by coating PET and PP yarns with PANi conductive polymer.

볼륨감과 신축성이 우수한 신질감 소모조 이수축 혼섬사의 특성분석

c2016 The Korean Fiber Society Abstract: The aim of this study is to develop a mixed polyester latent crimped yarn with excellent bulkiness and stretchability. In order to achieve this goal, the thermal and physical behaviors of yarn obtained from two filaments with different shrinkabilities were investigated under various manufacturing conditions. The partially oriented yarn (POY) exhibited various thermal shrinkages under wet and dry conditions. The fabric hand value is affected by the properties of the POY and by the physical properties of the latent crimped yarns, such as linear density, tenacity, breaking strain, and shrinkage. First, the POY should be spun at speeds in the range of 3,000−3,200 m/min so as to produce a wool-like mixed PET yarn with excellent bulkiness and stretching properties. Second, the manufacturing conditions for the latent crimped yarn should be set as follows: 1) intrinsic viscosity difference between 0.15 and 0.2; 2) setting at 120 C; and 3) a low winding speed and high draw ratio during the spinning process. Finally, the heat roller temperature of the drawing machine should be set between 105−120 C together under overfeeding conditions in order to obtain the desired wool-like mixed latent crimped yarn that exhibits excellent bulkiness and high stretchability, in accordance with the aim of this procedure.

Interfacial Shear Stress in Kenaf/Polyethylene Terephthalate Fiber Reinforced Polyoxymethylene Composite

The mechanical properties of fibre reinforced polymer composites strongly depend on the interfacial bonding between fibre and matrix. The main objective of this paper is to compare the interfacial bonding between kenaf fibre reinforced POM with that of PET fibre reinforced POM in a hybrid composite. Continuous twisted kenaf, and PET yarn were used for the investigation. Each fibre yarn was half embedded in POM by compression moulding. The yarns were extracted from the matrix by single fibre pull out test method. The result of the investigation revealed that the interfacial shear strength of approximately 31.4 MPa between kenaf and POM is higher compared to 24.3 MPa obtained between PET fibre and POM. This may be due to higher surface energy of kenaf fibre with respect to POM in the composite The FESEM micrograph further demonstrates good interfacial adhesion between kenaf and POM in the composite.

Damage induced by recycled Construction and Demolition Wastes on the short-term tensile behaviour of two geosynthetics

Geosynthetics have been used as a reinforcement material in roadways and railways construction. Notwithstanding, one of the main questions of using is their durability. The damage caused by the mechanical actions during installation and the chemical and biological degradation are important issues to consider in the physical, mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of geosynthetics. The change in their properties induced by these degradation processes can compromise the performance of these materials. In order to study the chemical and environmental degradation induced by a recycled Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) on the short-term tensile behaviour of two geosynthetics (a uniaxial HDPE geogrid and a nonwoven PP geotextile reinforced with PET yarns) used commonly as reinforcement material, a damage trial embankment (2 m × 3 m in plan) was constructed. This paper presents and discusses the effects produced by the recycled C&DW on geosynthetic samples exhumed after 6 months of the embankment construction. The constituents and the leaching behaviour of the recycled C&DW are presented. Wide width tensile tests were performed on exhumed and intact (as-received) geosynthetics and their tensile behaviour is compared. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of intact and exhumed specimens are also presented. As expected the degradation induced by the recycled C&DW after 6 months of exposure is not very expressive. On the HDPE geogrid the recycled C&DW induced a small decrease on the tensile strength and the reduction of the tensile stiffness modulus. The geocomposite experienced some reduction on the tensile strength (16% on average) but the effects on tensile stiffness and shape of the load–strain curves were not significant.

Insights into process–structure–property relationships of poly(ethylene terephthalate) industrial yarns by synchrotron radiation WAXD and SAXS

ABSTRACTSynchrotron radiation wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) were performed to study the structures of four typical types of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) industrial yarns. Three‐dimensional structural models of the yarns and comprehensive insights into the process–structure–property relationships were gained. High spinning speed, low draw ratio, and high heat‐setting temperatures lead to HMLS yarns with high crystallinity, high amorphous orientation, densely packed lamellar stacks, and a small tilting angle of crystalline lamellae. High draw ratio tends to result in PET industrial yarns with large long period and a large tilting angle of lamellae. Heat‐setting process has a significant influence on the amorphous orientation and crystalline structures, such as crystallinity, crystallite size, as well as crystal grain number. Compared with other structure characteristics, amorphous orientation plays a more important role in determining the tenacity, initial modulus, part load elongation, ultimate elongation, as well as shrinkage of PET industrial yarns. The crystal grain number seems to have an effect on the initial modulus, while the long period influences the elongation of the yarns to some extent. In addition, the small tilting angle of crystalline lamellae may relate to the dimensional stability of PET yarns. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42512.

Effects of Counts of PET Yarns and Spandex Fibers on the Properties of Tubular Knitted Fabrics

This study examines how the counts of PET yarns and spandex fibers influence the properties of tubular knitted fabrics. PET yarns and spandex fibers with different counts are combined to form wrapped yarns, which are then made into tubular knitted fabrics. The surface of the knitted fabrics is observed, after which the knitted fabrics are tested for their tensile strength. The test results show that the tensile strength and thickness of the tubular knitted fabrics both increase as a result of the increasing content of PET yarns; however, the content of either spandex fiber or PET yarns is not correlated with the deformation of the tubular knitted fabrics.

WAXS studies of heat - mechanically modified amorphous PET fibers. Role of the tensile stress

The present work is devoted to the investigation of the structure developments in as- spun amorphous poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filaments occurred as a result of heat mechanically modification. The degree of crystallinity of the untreated samples was 1,7 %.The thermal deformation experiments were carried out under isothermal conditions. PET yarn was annealed during 10 min at constant temperature of 80°C after which the sample is subjected to a well-defined constant tensile stress for 120 s at the same temperature. The mechanical load is gravitationally in the range from 0 MPa to 30 MPa and with increment step of 3 MPa. Using of wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were investigated the structural rearrangements in the studied samples caused by the fibers treatments. Dependences between the strain force values and the running in the specimen's structure development are established. And in particular, it was found that a small increase of the tensile stress from 3 MPa to 6 MPa leads to a massive increase in the fibers degree of crystallinity with more than 33%.

Effect of drawing temperature on the structure and free volume of semicrystalline polyester yarns

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), an environmentally friendly solvent, can change the fine structure of fibers depending on treatment temperature and pressure. This article presents the results of an investigation into the effects of drawing temperature, scCO2 exposure and tension on structural changes, and mesomorphic transitions in partially oriented yarn (POY) and oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) yarns. Samples of POY and PET yarns were uniaxially drawn at different temperatures to obtain filaments with different structures for subsequent exposure to scCO2 in the presence and absence of tension at a temperature of 80oC and under a pressure of 220 bar. Structural investigation of the samples was performed by combining the results obtained from differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared, mechanical deformation, and density and birefringence measurements, all of which exhibited a good correlation. The fractional free volume in the PET samples was considered for interpreting structure–property relations. Results showed that the development of a transient structure strongly depends on process temperature and that for an identical draw ratio, PET yarns drawn at 23oC are significantly more oriented than those drawn at 68oC. Two crystallization mechanisms, that is strain-induced and thermal-induced crystallization, are involved that are frequently used to explain the structural changes during yarn deformation at different temperatures. The degree of crystallinity and orientation factors for PET yarns does not proportionally increase with increasing temperature of the drawing process; indeed, the highest value is obtained at a temperature of 100oC, whereas the lowest is observed at a temperature of 68oC, which is near the glass transition temperature. Tension under scCO2 exposure also produces significant effects in term of causing structural changes. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2030–2041, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

MODELING OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE THERMOMECHANICAL MODIFICATION PARAMETERS ON THE STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN POLYESTER FIBERS

In the present work is proposed an attempt for modeling of the complex influence of the heat mechanical treatment parameters on the structure developments in as-spun polyester fibers. Freshly molded poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filaments with different preliminary orientation were subjected to simultaneously thermal and mechanical treatments. PET yarns were sequentially undergoing to uniaxially strain-stress with values of 40 MPa, 80 MPa, and 120 MPa at three different temperatures in a narrow temperature range from 850C to 950C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been used to study the structural rearrangements in the heat-mechanically processed PET fibers. Response equations have been obtained showing the relationship between the parameters of the thermal deformation experiment and the desired degree of crystallinity of the studied PET fibers.

MODELING OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE THERMOMECHANICAL MODIFICATION PARAMETERS ON THE STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN POLYESTER FIBERS

In the present work is proposed an attempt for modeling of the complex influence of the heat mechanical treatment parameters on the structure developments in as-spun polyester fibers. Freshly molded poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filaments with different preliminary orientation were subjected to simultaneously thermal and mechanical treatments. PET yarns were sequentially undergoing to uniaxially strain-stress with values of 40 MPa, 80 MPa, and 120 MPa at three different temperatures in a narrow temperature range from 850C to 950C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been used to study the structural rearrangements in the heat-mechanically processed PET fibers. Response equations have been obtained showing the relationship between the parameters of the thermal deformation experiment and the desired degree of crystallinity of the studied PET fibers.

Effects of recycling processes on physical, mechanical and degradation properties of PET yarns

Mechanical properties and the long-term degradation properties of the recycled PET yarns are typically lower than the virgin PET yarns due to the contaminants coming from non-PET bottles, labels and caps etc. For environmental reasons, recycling of post-consumer polyester bottles into textile fibers has become commercially attractive. We studied mechanical and chemical recycling processes and examined their effects on yarn properties such as tensile properties, thermal characteristics, hydrolysis and photo-degradation. It was found that the virgin and the chemical recycled yarns with sufficient purification show similar processability, physical and mechanical properties, and long-term degradation behavior. The results provide useful information on recycled PET yarns for processability and serviceability for the high-end use.

THERMO-MECHANICALLY MODIFICATION OF AMORPHOUS POLYESTER FIBRES: ІІ. CALORIMETRIC INVESTIGATIONS

The present work is devoted to the investigation of the structure developments in as-spun amorphous poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) occurred as a result of heat mechanical treatments. The deformation behavior of as-spun amorphous poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) yarns subjected to simultaneous thermal and mechanical treatments has been studied. It was found that the applied tensile force simultaneously with the linear heating of the studied PET yarns strongly affects the samples deformation behaviour. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been used to study the structural rearrangements in the thermo-mechanically processed PET fibers occurred as a result of the treatment structural changes. Have been established dependencies between the parameters of the thermal deformation experiment and occurred in the samples structural changes.

Study on the Properties of Coffee Carbon Filament Yarns

Coffee carbon fiber is a kind of functional polyester fiber. Waste coffee grounds is milled into nanometer powder and then added to the polyester spinning fluid. Coffee carbon filament yarns have the functions of antibacterial deodorant, sending anion, and thermal insulation. In this paper, the morphology and properties of coffee carbon filament yarns were tested, such as scanning electron microscopy, tensile, moisture regain and cohesion. Polyethylene terephthalate filament yarns were selected for comparison with coffee carbon yarns. The results show that coffee carbon powder is distributed both on the surface and inside of filament yarns; the moisture regain of coffee carbon filament yarns is higher than that of PET yarns; the strength and elongation of coffee carbon filament yarns and of PET filament yarns is close; the boiling water shrinkage of coffee carbon filament yarns is lower than that of PET filament yarns; the addition of carbon powder can not reduce the cohesion of coffee carbon filament yarns.

저온융착 폴리에스테르사 함유 팬시사 직물의 열처리 특성 및 염색성

The thermal bonding PET fabrics were produced through high temperature steaming (HTS) of low melting PET yarn as warp and composite fancy yarn containing low melting PET yarn as weft. The low melting PET yarn of sheath-core structure consisted of a regular PET in core portion and low melting PET in sheath portion. The composite fancy yarn consisted of regular PET yarn as inner part and effect part and low melting PET yarn as binding part. This study was carried out to investigate the melting behavior of thermal bonded PET fabric, the effect of HTS on the thermal bonding, mechanical properties, and dyeing properties. The melting peak of low melting PET yarn showed two melting peaks caused by sheath-core structure. Almost the entire thermal bonding of the fancy PET fabrics containing low melting PET yarn has formed at <TEX>$200^{\circ}C{\times}3min$</TEX> of HTS. The tensile strength in warp and weft direction of the fancy PET fabrics slightly decreased as temperature of HTS increased. The total K/S value of the fancy PET fabrics decreased slightly to <TEX>$180^{\circ}C{\times}3min$</TEX> of HTS, while increased slightly above <TEX>$200^{\circ}C{\times}3min$</TEX> of HTS. The changes in the hue angle (<TEX>$H^{\circ}$</TEX>) of the thermal bonded fancy PET fabrics dyed with disperse dyes hardly ever happened.

Toward Fabric-Based Flexible Microfluidic Devices: Pointed Surface Modification for pH Sensitive Liquid Transport

Microfluidic fiber channels with switchable water transport are fabricated in flexible textile PET/PP materials using a preprogrammed yarn-based fabric and a yarn-selective surface modification method. The developed robust and scalable fabrication method is based on the selective functionalization of the PET yarns with an epoxide-containing polymer that is then followed by grafting patterns of different pH-sensitive polymers PAA [poly(acrylic acid) ] and P2VP [poly(2-vinyl pyridine)]. The selective functionalization of the fabric yields an array of amphiphilic channels that are constrained by hydrophobic PP boundaries. Aqueous solutions are transported in the amphiphilic channels by capillary forces where the direction of the liquid transport is defined by pH-response of the grafted polymers. The channels are fed with liquid through hydrophilic, pH insensitive PEG [polyethylene glycol] ports. The combination of the PAA and P2VP patterns in the amphiphilic channels is used to create pH-sensitive elements that redirect aqueous liquids toward PAA channels at pH > 4 and toward both PAA and P2VP channels at pH < 4. The system of pH-selective channels in the developed textile based microfluidic chip could find analytical applications and can be used for smart cloth.

리싸이클 폴리에스터 니트 소재의 물리적 성질 및 태 평가

With regards to environmental conservation, it is necessary to promote an eco-friendly industry and to recycle wastes. In this study, the physical properties and hand values of material recycled PET knit fabrics prepared with various recycled PET yarns were investigated. Bursting strengths of 3 recycled PET knit fabrics were higher than that of regular PET knit fabric. 3 Recycled PET knit fabrics were more flexible than those of the regular PET knit fabric. Lightness of regular PET knit fabric was the highest among the 5 samples. Fabric knitted with recycled non-circular PET yarns had a more yellowish tinge. Mechanical properties were measured using the KES-FB system. Bending properties, shear properties, weight, and thickness were increased in recycled PET knit fabrics. The compressional linearity and energy of 3 recycled PET knit fabrics increased. However, their compressional resilience was reduced. In addition, coefficients of friction were similar. Regular PET knit fabric demonstrated a smooth appearance. Numeri was the highest in the hand values.

재생 방법에 따른 재생 폴리에스터사의 물성 변화

The physical properties of recycled polyester yarns according to recycling methods were investigated. Virgin polyester draw texturized yarn(DTY), material-recycled(MR) polyester DTY and chemical-recycled(CR) polyester DTY were prepared. Surface morphology, thermal property, micro-structure and mechanical property of recycled polyester yarns were estimated. SEM-EDS analysis showed that the CR PET yarn had better crimp and more stable structure than MR PET yarn. Tm of the MR PET yarn was higher than that of the CR PET yarn. The intensity of the crystallization peak of the CR PET yarn was a little higher than that of the MR PET yarn. Tensile strength of the MR PET yarn was slightly higher than that of the CR PET yarn. Breaking elongation of the CR PET yarn was slightly higher than that of the MR PET yarn.